Identification Birds Species In Dinder National Park, Sudan

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/doi.org/10.31579/jmda.2

Identification Birds Species In Dinder National Park, Sudan

*Corresponding Author:

Citation:

Copyright: © 2018 Tahani Ali Hassan, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 30 November -0001 | Accepted: 14 March 2018 | Published: 19 March 2018

Keywords: Meadows, Galegu station, Dinder National Park

Abstract

This study was conducted in Dinder National Park from February to April 2017 adjacent to the Ethiopian border at a distance of 550 km south east of Khartoum. The aim of this study was to identify the bird species around Galegu station in Dinder National Park. Direct observation method was used to identify   the bird in Mayas (Meadows) around Galagu station. A total of 112 species belonging to 17 orders have been identified. 27 species were in the order Passeriformes belonging to 12 families. Ring-necked dove (Streptopelia capicola), African pied wagtail (Motecilla aguimp), African namaqua dove (Oena capensis), African firefinch (Legonostista rubricate), Rupell’s ling-tailed starling (Lamprotornis johnstoni), Littlebee-eater (Merops pusillus) and Tufted guinea fowl (Acryllium vulturinum), were abundant.

The study area:

This study was conducted in the Dinder National Park (DNP), which is located in the Sennar State between latitudes 11 to 130 N and longitudes 34 to 360 E, adjacent to the Ethiopian border at a distance of 550 km south east of Khartoum. It is drained by two seasonal rivers, Dinder and Rahad, and the area covers 10,290 km2.

The climatic conditions of park in general, can be summarized as cool and dry in winter and wet and warm in summer. The wet season starts in May and ends in November, during which the area receives an annual rain fall ranging 600 to 1000 mm, increasing southwards and peaking in August. The temperature ranges from as low as 200 C at the begging of the dry season in December to as high as 420 C in March and April, towards the end of the dry season. Rahad and Dinder Rivers start flooding in July, reaching their peak in September. The annual mean relative humidity varies between 35% and 45% but higher value of 79% was recorded during the peak of the rains in August (Kanno 2004). The dry season extends from December to April, with maximum temperature of 380 C in April. The winter is cool with mean average temperature of 300C (Kanno 2004).

Materials and Methods:

The data collection materials were: Field guide, Data sheet, Pen, Pencil for data record, Binocular for identified of the distance birds around Galagu station. The survey covered the entire study area which includes Galagu station and eight Mayas.

  1. Abd Alghani Maya which lies North of Galagu station, about 1.5 Km.
  2. Ras Amir Maya which lies North –east of Galagu station, about 14 Km.
  3. Ein Alshams Maya which lies North-west of Galagu station, about 8 Km.
  4.  Musa Maya which lies West of Galagu station, about 14 Km.
  5. Gerarisa Maya which lies South- east of Galagu station, about 8 Km.
  6.  Berkat Altemsah Maya which lies South of Galagu station, about 1 Km.
  7. Bit Alwhash Maya which lies West of Galagu station.
  8. Dabkar which lies West   of Galagu station about 6 Km from Galagu station.

Direct observation method was used to identify the bird in Mayas around Galagu station; the first survey was conducted from sunrise to 12:00 pm and the second survey from 15:00 pm to sunset when birds are most active. Each point was visited twice from February – April 2017.

Results:

(Table1): Birds species identified around Galagu station and surrounding Mayas in Dinder National Park from February – April 2017.

Species common name

    Scientific name

     

Struthioformes

Struthio camelus

     

Pelicaniformes

Great white pelican

Pelicanus onocrotalus

     

 

Pelican usrufescense

     

 

Anhingidae

Long-tailed Cormorant

Phalacrocorax africanus

     

 

Little Grebe

Tachybaptus ruficollis

     

Ciconiiformes

Marabou stork

Leptoptiloscromenifrus

     

 

Mysteria ibis

     

 

Ciconiaepiscopus

     

 

 

Saddle billed stork  

Ephippioryhnchussenegalensis

     

 

Black-crowned night Heron

Great egret   

White faced whistling duck

     

Falconiformes

African marsh harrier

 

    

     

 

     

      

 

     

 

      

.     

       

    

Marsh sand piper 

Spotted thicknee(dikop)

     

3

 billiedSandgrouse

    

1

.     

Blue naped mouse bird

Red-throated Bee eater

Northern carmine bee eater

Northern- ground Horn bill

Ruppell's Starling

L amprotornispurpurpopterus

Greater blue-eared starling

Lamprotornischalybaeus

   

 

Crimson -rumped Waxbill

Red-cheecked cordon bleu

Northern masked Weaver

Anastomuslamelligrus

     

 

     

 

White Stork

Ciconiaciconiaciconia

     

 

Ciconiaabdimii

     

 

Scopusubretta

     

 

Ardeacinerea

     

 

Ardeolaralloides

     

 

Ardeamenocephala

     

 

Ardeapurpurea

     

 

Bubulcus ibis

     

 

Mesophoyxintermedia

     

 

Egrettagrazetta

     

 

Sacred ibis

Threskiornis aethiopicus

     

 

Plegadis falcinellus

     

 

Hagedash hagedash

     

 

Platelea alba

    

     

Anasquer quedula

     

 

Spur winged goose

Plectropterusgambensis

     

 

Dendrocyg naviduata

     

 

Anas cypeata

     

 

Milvusmi grans

     

 

Haliaeetus vocifor

     

 

Circus ranivorus

     

 

Necrocytres monachus

    

   

Lizzard buzzard

Kaupifalcomono gramicus

Long crested eagle

Lophaetus occipitalis

   

 

     

Falco naumanni

    

 

Comon kestrel

 Falco tinnunculus

   

 

  

   

 

     

         

 

Numida meleagris

    

     

Phasianidae

Clapperton’s Francolin

Francolinus clapper Toni

    

    

        

     

Tringa hypoleucos

    

   

Tringa ochropus

    

   

Tringa ocropus

    

    

Calidrismi nuta

    

    

Philomachu spugnax

    

    

Tringa stagnatilis

    

   

Burihnus capensis

     

 

Senegal thicknee

Burihnus senegalensis

    

     

Black winged stilt

Himanto pushimantopus

  44

     

Charadrishiaticula

   

 

     

   10

     

African jacana

Actophilomis Africana

   50

     

Columbidae

African moorning dove

streptopeleadecipeins

Lauphing dove

Streptopeleasensgalensis

  7

.     

Senegal coucal

Centropussenegalensis

Centropodidae

Long ­tailed night jar

Caprrimulgusclimacurus

  1

     

     

  9

     

1

     

Meropidae

Yellow throated bee eater

  43

     

Bucerotidae

 African pied horn bill

   

         

    

     

Little billied fire finch

Passeriformes

   

 

  66

     

  17

     

Black-headed Gonolek

Laniariuserythrogaste

Muscicapidae

Snowy-crowned robin chat

Cossyphalaniveicapilla

Fringilidae

Yellow-fronted Canary

 18

          

 

Ploceidae

Village Weaver (spotted-backed)  

Passer domisticus

   

A total of 112 species belonging to 17 orders (Struthioformes, Piciformes, Apodiformes, Caprimuligiformes, Cuculiformes, Psittaciformes, Columbiformes, Pterocolidiformes, Charadriiformes, Anseriformes, Ciconiiformes, Pelicaniformes, , Falconiformes, Passeriformes, Coraciiformes , Colliformes, Galliformes) was recorded during the survey period. Of these, 27 species were in the order Passeriformes belonging to 12 families (Passeridae, Sylvidae, Ploceidae, Nectariniidae, Motacillidae, Fringilidae, Estrilidae, Corvidae, Laniidae, Sturnidae, Malaconotidae, Muscicapidae and Pycnonotidae). Among the Passeriformes species belonging to 12 families were recorded, of which Ploceidae (weavers, whydahs and sparrows), Sturnidae (starlings and oxpeckers), Estrildidae (waxbills), Laniidae (shrikes), Motacillidae (wagtails) were most frequently observed.

Seven species: Ring-necked dove (Streptopelia capicola), African pied wagtail (Motecilla aguimp), African namaqua dove (Oena capensis), African firefinch (Legonostista rubricate), Rupell’s ling-tailed starling (Lamprotornis johnstoni), Littlebee-eater (Merops pusillus) and Tufted guinea fowl (Acryllium vulturinum), were abundant (Table 1).

Discussion:

The total number of dry seasonbirds species found in studyarea around some Mayas and in the Galagu station were 112 birds in the (2017), Mossulini (2009) identified 107 species, Rasha (2006) was identified 63 species of the birds. The park is rich with various type of vegetation, Dom palm Hypaen thebeica being the most conspicuous. Kook Acacia sieberiana, Sidir, Ziziphus abyssinica, Sidir Z. Spina –Christi are common too. Certain type of grasses are also present such as Sorghum (Adar) and Bracharia these mixing - between grass and trees mostly attract various birds species - including weavers which favor trees stands. Some birds showed in good abundance most of them related to families - Estrildidae (African silverbill), Cuculidae (Senegal coucal),  Apodidae (African palm swift), Malaconotidae (Black head gonolek ), Columbidae  (African namaqua dove ), Ploceidae (White billed buffalo weaver) and Falconidae (Common kestrel). Brown (1982) found that appearance of the trees and bushes in the vegetation led to rise of birds’ number per unit area and he stated that forest stand structure is important for birds because it can directly influences the availability and quality of breeding and foraging habitat.

Conclusion:

In this study it was concluded -   that a total of 112 species belonging to 17 orders, 27 species were in the order Passeriformes belonging to 12 families (Passeridae, Sylvidae, Ploceidae, Nectariniidae, Motacillidae, Fringilidae, Estrilidae, Corvidae, Laniidae, Sturnidae, Malaconotidae, Muscicapidae and Pycnonotidae). Among the Passeriformes species belonging to 12 families were recorded, of which Ploceidae (weavers, whydahs and sparrows), Sturnidae (starlings and oxpeckers), Estrildidae (waxbills), Laniidae (shrikes), Motacillidae (wagtails) were most frequently observed.

The park have many factors that affect the number, abundance and distribution of birdsspecies. These factors including: availability of water, food resources, vegetation   types, suitable nesting sites and nesting materials and other habitat component. The various  environmental   change  which take the place in different seasons affect the quality and quantity of food and water which turn reflecting on birds communities. Illegal activities made by local people resident within or in the park edge such as honey collecting set of fire for different   purpose and browsing of domestic animals which have been negative effect on birds species this study was conducted in short time, many more species could be identified if the time could be extended in future researches in DNP is rich by birds.

Recommendations:

       The following recommendations are to be considered:

  1. Preserve natural habitat vegetation for nesting birds in particular and wildlife in general by stopping cutting of trees.
  2. Conduct scientific research in the area on effect of fire of the biodiversity, but with more emphasis on avifauna.

References

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