Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/doi.org/10.31579/jmda.2
*Corresponding Author:
Citation:
Copyright: © 2018 Tahani Ali Hassan, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 30 November -0001 | Accepted: 14 March 2018 | Published: 19 March 2018
Keywords: Meadows, Galegu station, Dinder National Park
This study was conducted in Dinder National Park from February to April 2017 adjacent to the Ethiopian border at a distance of 550 km south east of Khartoum. The aim of this study was to identify the bird species around Galegu station in Dinder National Park. Direct observation method was used to identify the bird in Mayas (Meadows) around Galagu station. A total of 112 species belonging to 17 orders have been identified. 27 species were in the order Passeriformes belonging to 12 families. Ring-necked dove (Streptopelia capicola), African pied wagtail (Motecilla aguimp), African namaqua dove (Oena capensis), African firefinch (Legonostista rubricate), Rupell’s ling-tailed starling (Lamprotornis johnstoni), Littlebee-eater (Merops pusillus) and Tufted guinea fowl (Acryllium vulturinum), were abundant.
This study was conducted in the Dinder National Park (DNP), which is located in the Sennar State between latitudes 11 to 130 N and longitudes 34 to 360 E, adjacent to the Ethiopian border at a distance of 550 km south east of Khartoum. It is drained by two seasonal rivers, Dinder and Rahad, and the area covers 10,290 km2.
The climatic conditions of park in general, can be summarized as cool and dry in winter and wet and warm in summer. The wet season starts in May and ends in November, during which the area receives an annual rain fall ranging 600 to 1000 mm, increasing southwards and peaking in August. The temperature ranges from as low as 200 C at the begging of the dry season in December to as high as 420 C in March and April, towards the end of the dry season. Rahad and Dinder Rivers start flooding in July, reaching their peak in September. The annual mean relative humidity varies between 35% and 45% but higher value of 79% was recorded during the peak of the rains in August (Kanno 2004). The dry season extends from December to April, with maximum temperature of 380 C in April. The winter is cool with mean average temperature of 300C (Kanno 2004).
Materials and Methods:
The data collection materials were: Field guide, Data sheet, Pen, Pencil for data record, Binocular for identified of the distance birds around Galagu station. The survey covered the entire study area which includes Galagu station and eight Mayas.
Direct observation method was used to identify the bird in Mayas around Galagu station; the first survey was conducted from sunrise to 12:00 pm and the second survey from 15:00 pm to sunset when birds are most active. Each point was visited twice from February – April 2017.
(Table1): Birds species identified around Galagu station and surrounding Mayas in Dinder National Park from February – April 2017.
Scientific name
Struthioformes
Pelicaniformes
Pelicanus onocrotalus
Long-tailed Cormorant
Phalacrocorax africanus
Tachybaptus ruficollis
Ciconiiformes
Leptoptiloscromenifrus
Saddle billed stork
Ephippioryhnchussenegalensis
Black-crowned night Heron
Great egret
White faced whistling duck
Falconiformes
African marsh harrier
.
Marsh sand piper
Spotted thicknee(dikop)
3
billiedSandgrouse
1
.
Blue naped mouse bird
Red-throated Bee eater
Northern carmine bee eater
Northern- ground Horn bill
Ruppell's Starling
L amprotornispurpurpopterus
Greater blue-eared starling
Lamprotornischalybaeus
Crimson -rumped Waxbill
Red-cheecked cordon bleu
Northern masked Weaver
Ciconiaciconiaciconia
Threskiornis aethiopicus
Plectropterusgambensis
Kaupifalcomono gramicus
Lophaetus occipitalis
Falco tinnunculus
Clapperton’s Francolin
Francolinus clapper Toni
Burihnus senegalensis
Himanto pushimantopus
Actophilomis Africana
African moorning dove
streptopeleadecipeins
Streptopeleasensgalensis
.
Centropussenegalensis
Long tailed night jar
Caprrimulgusclimacurus
Yellow throated bee eater
African pied horn bill
Little billied fire finch
Laniariuserythrogaste
Snowy-crowned robin chat
Cossyphalaniveicapilla
Yellow-fronted Canary
Village Weaver (spotted-backed)
A total of 112 species belonging to 17 orders (Struthioformes, Piciformes, Apodiformes, Caprimuligiformes, Cuculiformes, Psittaciformes, Columbiformes, Pterocolidiformes, Charadriiformes, Anseriformes, Ciconiiformes, Pelicaniformes, , Falconiformes, Passeriformes, Coraciiformes , Colliformes, Galliformes) was recorded during the survey period. Of these, 27 species were in the order Passeriformes belonging to 12 families (Passeridae, Sylvidae, Ploceidae, Nectariniidae, Motacillidae, Fringilidae, Estrilidae, Corvidae, Laniidae, Sturnidae, Malaconotidae, Muscicapidae and Pycnonotidae). Among the Passeriformes species belonging to 12 families were recorded, of which Ploceidae (weavers, whydahs and sparrows), Sturnidae (starlings and oxpeckers), Estrildidae (waxbills), Laniidae (shrikes), Motacillidae (wagtails) were most frequently observed.
Seven species: Ring-necked dove (Streptopelia capicola), African pied wagtail (Motecilla aguimp), African namaqua dove (Oena capensis), African firefinch (Legonostista rubricate), Rupell’s ling-tailed starling (Lamprotornis johnstoni), Littlebee-eater (Merops pusillus) and Tufted guinea fowl (Acryllium vulturinum), were abundant (Table 1).
The total number of dry seasonbirds species found in studyarea around some Mayas and in the Galagu station were 112 birds in the (2017), Mossulini (2009) identified 107 species, Rasha (2006) was identified 63 species of the birds. The park is rich with various type of vegetation, Dom palm Hypaen thebeica being the most conspicuous. Kook Acacia sieberiana, Sidir, Ziziphus abyssinica, Sidir Z. Spina –Christi are common too. Certain type of grasses are also present such as Sorghum (Adar) and Bracharia these mixing - between grass and trees mostly attract various birds species - including weavers which favor trees stands. Some birds showed in good abundance most of them related to families - Estrildidae (African silverbill), Cuculidae (Senegal coucal), Apodidae (African palm swift), Malaconotidae (Black head gonolek ), Columbidae (African namaqua dove ), Ploceidae (White billed buffalo weaver) and Falconidae (Common kestrel). Brown (1982) found that appearance of the trees and bushes in the vegetation led to rise of birds’ number per unit area and he stated that forest stand structure is important for birds because it can directly influences the availability and quality of breeding and foraging habitat.
In this study it was concluded - that a total of 112 species belonging to 17 orders, 27 species were in the order Passeriformes belonging to 12 families (Passeridae, Sylvidae, Ploceidae, Nectariniidae, Motacillidae, Fringilidae, Estrilidae, Corvidae, Laniidae, Sturnidae, Malaconotidae, Muscicapidae and Pycnonotidae). Among the Passeriformes species belonging to 12 families were recorded, of which Ploceidae (weavers, whydahs and sparrows), Sturnidae (starlings and oxpeckers), Estrildidae (waxbills), Laniidae (shrikes), Motacillidae (wagtails) were most frequently observed.
The park have many factors that affect the number, abundance and distribution of birdsspecies. These factors including: availability of water, food resources, vegetation types, suitable nesting sites and nesting materials and other habitat component. The various environmental change which take the place in different seasons affect the quality and quantity of food and water which turn reflecting on birds communities. Illegal activities made by local people resident within or in the park edge such as honey collecting set of fire for different purpose and browsing of domestic animals which have been negative effect on birds species this study was conducted in short time, many more species could be identified if the time could be extended in future researches in DNP is rich by birds.
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