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Short Commentary | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/073
Drug Safety Physician- MSL- Medical Expert- Medical Information Medical Research-Medical Writer and Reviewer- Medical Practitionner, Cameroon.
*Corresponding Author: Carolle Laure Kpoumie, Drug Safety Physician- MSL- Medical Expert- Medical Information Medical Research-Medical Writer and Reviewer- Medical Practitionner, Cameroon.
Citation: Carolle Laure Kpoumie, Galenic drugs: plunge into the heart of the secrets of the forms and effects of the medicament. J Clinical Research and Reports, 4(2); DOI:10.31579/2690-1919/073
Copyright: © 2020 Carolle Laure Kpoumie. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 13 March 2020 | Accepted: 15 April 2020 | Published: 05 May 2020
Keywords: toxicity; drug; galenic pharmacy; gastrointestinal tract
Oral forms dominate the market, the proper use of the drug is inherent to each form of drug, comprirnes, syrup, eye drops, suppositories, patches, gelules, powders, injectable preparations, sprays, ovules, all these forms allow a optimal and well targeted distribution of the drug in the organism makes side effects insignificant. The drug can borrow different kinds of entries to the organism, its mode of administration depends on its action. There is an average of 50 degrees of different forms of drug administration.
Origin of Galenic
Galenic Pharmacy is the discipline for transforming an active molecule into a drug that can be administered to a patient. This tenne is born of the physiologist Gree of the Heme century of our CLAUDE GALIEN era who will give his name to this science of the shaping of the drugs.
This is the form in which a drug is taken. A Medicament contains:
- the active substance (or the active ingredient of a drug is each component of this drug that has a therapeutic effect. This substance is often in very low proportion in the drug compared to the excipients).
Excipients (which are components without therapeutic effect, but possessing various roles such as favoring absorption, modifying the taste for bad taste drugs, facilitating manufacture)
Each form corresponds to a specific use, so, to maximize efficiency and safety, it is advisable to follow the precautions for use on the instructions.
Purpose of Galenic In A Medicinal Product
The objective of the galenique is to promote the stability of an active principle, its administration, its compliance, its safety of use, its effectiveness, and to better control its toxicity.
Different Galenic Forms
Galenic of a drug corresponding to the presentation form of it, syrup, tablets, suppositories, gel, spray, injectable liquid, cream, ... this galenic is adapted to the mechanism of absorption of the drug (via the circulation blood, airways, gastrointestinal tract ...), and whenever possible to the patient's preferences.
Galenic Pharmacy is therefore the science of transforming an active substance into a drug that can be administered to a patient.
Oral forms dominate the market, the proper use of the drug is inherent to each form of drug, comprirnes, syrup, eye drops, suppositories, patches, gelules, powders, injectable preparations, sprays, ovules, all these forms allow a optimal and well targeted distribution of the drug in the organism makes side effects insignificant. The drug can borrow different kinds of entries to the organism, its mode of administration depends on its action. There is an average of 50 degrees of different forms of drug administration.
Some most used forms:
1- Oral or oral forms (by mouth)
Tablets: These are the most used oral medications or (by the mouth, in Latin that is to say oral), however, there are several types, accelerated release tablets with the example of effervescent comprirnes, lyocs , gastro-resistant tablets whose digestion does not begin in the stomach but in the intestine, prolonged release tablets which are particular because they must not be crushed, use a large glass of water to swallow in order to avoid any perforation or ulceration due to poor passage of the tablet via the gastroesophageal wall.
Gelules: these are forms used for drugs whose taste is not particularly good, so bad taste, or sensitive to light, however, some gelules release Prolongations can be opened before swallowing to facilitate administration in patients with difficulty in swallowing.
Syrups: These are forms that usually contain sugar, and used in pediatric patients, to avoid in diabetic patients.
Drops, powders, capsules, granules
2- Ophthalmic forms: it is the eye drops, gel, liquid, ointments, which are directly applied in the reil, it is imperative to respect their maximum duration of conservation after opening in order to avoid any microbial contamination responsible for local infection . Always respect also the interval of 15 minutes between the applications of 2 eye drops or 2 different ophthalmic ointments because one can reduce or impair the efficiency of the other.
3- Rectal forms: these are suppositories, they are usually sensitive to heat, and keep refrigerated. capsules, enemas...
4- Parenteral Forms: (para == enteron of Greek means not passing through the digestive tract, injectable preparations, infusions, vaccines, and implants with the example of implantscontraceptives.
5- Inhaled forms: these are the nebulizers, the inhalers.
6- Vaginal forms: ovules, capsules, contraceptive rings.
7- Transcutaneous Forms: This concerns ointments, gels, emulsions, creams, transdermal patches in English or "stamps" in French.
PATCHS: Parlous-en: Miracle or New Fashion?
Appeared in the 1990s, patches can absorb an active substance by spreading it through the skin. Today patches are booming. They have long been used for smoking cessation (nicotine patch), today, others indications appeared: in addition to smoking cessation,- Trinitrine patches for angina pectoris,-Scopolamine patches to call behind the ear for transport sickness,-The patches are intended analgesic (analgesic opiate) to maintain the pain has a threshold of tolerable sensitivity by the patient.-Speaks for local anesthesia, before small surgeries, or before a blood puncture.-The contraceptive patches (EVRA) that replaces the taking of the pill by the weekly change of a contraceptive patch, this avoids forgetfulness is a more discreet way.-The beauty patches and therapeutic patch, for face care, blackheads, scrambled complexion, wrinkles, orange peel, however their mode of action differs because it is a local care (like! but which differs from them by their conditioning). This way is propelled by its better comfort of use, a regular and regular dosage in a drug, a simplicity for the observance. Also called percutaneous, transcutaneous, transdermal, can be recognized on the drug boxes by the acronym TTS (Therapeutic Transdermic system).Patches have an effect on the whole body through the blood system. They are also very discreet or concealable, because with patches, we avoid taking out these tablets for example during a lunch break with colleagues, and they are also resistant to water. There are, however, some precautions to be taken since not all molecules are "patchable"; They are intended for long-term administration, to a well-defined area of the skin which fulfills certain criteria, namely: clean, dry, slightly hairy, and intact without scratching. It is necessary to avoid application in the same place several times as there is a risk of irritation and well with hands after handling and use.
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