1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University, Oye–Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Pharmacy, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
3 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: Joseph Oyepata Simeon, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University, Oye–Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Citation: Joseph O. Simeon., Joseph O. Tosin., Sabastine A. Zubairu. (2023), Evaluation of the Effect of Anacardium Occidentale Cashew Apple Juice on Kidney of Gentamicin Induced Injury in Albino Rats, Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research. 6(1); DOI:10.31579/2768-0487/100
Background and Objective: With worldwide research in ethnopharmacology, some herbal medicines have been translated into modern remedies. There are many forms in which herbs can be administered. Anacardium occidentale is a plant with several benefits. The aim of this work is to Evaluate the effect of Anacardium occidentale cashew apple juice on kidney of Gentamicin Induced Injury in Albino Rats.
Method: For this study, a total of thirty rats were employed. The positive control in Group 1 was given saline as usual. Groups 3, 4, and 5 each received 10, 20, and 40 ml/kg of the extract, whereas Group 2 received normal saline for eight days. Animals in groups 2 through 5 received gentamicin 100 mg/kg bw orally on the eighth (8th) day. On the ninth day, 20 hours after the previous dose, all animals were weighed once more and sacrificed using diethylether.
Result: When compared to the paracetamol group, the extract significantly (P less than 0.05) raised RBC, PCV, Hb, platelet, and WBC values. When compared to the gentamicin group, there was no significant improvement in the weight to body size ratio of rats in the extracts group (P less than 0.05) when compared to the gentamicin group. The levels of urea were significantly improved (P less than 0.05) while creatinine level did not significantly reduce when compared to gentamicin group. Additionally, histological study supports biochemical parameters.
Conclusion: The findings imply that Anacardium occidentale cashew apple may be useful in managing some renal disorders as well as protecting the kidney against some hazardous pollutants.
Introduction
In general, plants with savory or fragrant traits that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medical purposes, or for fragrances are referred to as herbs. This excludes vegetables and other plants ingested for macronutrients (1). The cashew seed and the cashew apple accessory fruit are produced by the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale), an evergreen tropical tree (1-2). The tree can reach a height of 14 m (46 ft), although dwarf varieties, which can only reach 6 m (20 ft), are more productive and yield more money. The cashew seed is frequently used as a snack nut (cashew nut) and can be consumed on its own, cooked with other ingredients, or made into cashew cheese or cashew butter. The nut is frequently referred to simply as cashew, like the tree (3-5). Tree nut proteins, which are frequently left behind or unaffected by cooking, are what cause cashew allergies. The kidney- or boxing-glove-shaped drupe that develops at the end of the cashew apple is the actual fruit of the cashew tree. The cashew apple forms after the pedicel expands from the developing drupe on the tree (6-9). The actual fruit only has one seed, which is frequently referred to as a nut in the sense of food. A double shell comprised of the allergenic phenolic resin anacardia acid surrounds the seed. Anacardia acid shares a chemical affinity with the more notorious and toxic allergic oil urushiol, which is found in related poison ivy and lacquer tree species and is a potent skin irritant (10-12). It is thought that medicinal plants are a significant source of novel chemicals with potential therapeutic benefits (13-16). The cashew tree (A. occidentale) belongs to the Anacardiaceous genus of flowering plants. There are 600 species in the family, divided among 73 genera. Eight species of Anacardium, all endemic to tropical America, are present, with the cashew being by far the most economically significant. It is an Amazonian tree with multiple uses that can reach heights of 15 meters (17). It has a thick, twisted trunk and tangled branches that frequently touch the ground. The cashew tree yields a variety of materials and goods. The leaves and bark have therapeutic uses. The cashew nut is popular worldwide and has a high market value as food. Due to its high phenol content, even the oil in the nut's shell is utilized medicinally and has industrial uses in the plastics and resin sectors (18). The pseudo-fruit, which is a sizable pulpy and juicy portion, is also known as the cashew fruit or the cashew apple and has a great sweet flavor. The Wayapi tribe of Guyana uses cashew leaf and bark tea as a douche for vaginal discharge and a typical diarrhea treatment, as do the Tikinia in northwest Amazona and the Peruvian herbal medicine (19–23). Skin conditions associated with syphilis, such as eczema, psoriasis, scrofula, dyspepsia, genital problems, bronchitis, coughing, intestinal colic, and leishmaniasis are some conditions it is used to treat in Brazil. Europeans used Brazil cashew fruit and juice to heal fever, freshen breath, and "conserve the stomach" in the sixteenth century. It is used as a diuretic, stimulant, and aphrodisiac in addition to treating syphilis (24). The cashew fruit is not only delicious but also a great source of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. It includes a significant number of mineral salts and up to five times as much vitamin C as oranges. Cashew fruit is used as a catalyst in the treatment of early aging of the skin because of its high level of vitamin C and mineral salts (25). Anacardiac acid is a component of cashews, with the highest concentration in the nutshells (27). Several clinical studies have shown that anacardiac acid is present in cashews, with the highest concentration in the nutshells (28-32). Tyrosinase activity inhibits the ageing process by darkening skin, and anacardiac acid is toxic to some cancer cells (33-35). However, dietary anacardic acid has the potential to reduce body fat deposition for dietary conditions. The interest in medicinal plants has grown over the past 20 years, and so has the number of studies into how they affect both humans and animals biologically. Even though hazardous plants are common, up to 80 percentage of people in impoverished nations use herbal therapy (36). Brazil also uses the leaves and/or bark to treat eczema, psoriasis, scrofula, dyspepsia, genital issues, and venereal diseases as well as impotence, bronchitis, cough, intestinal colic, leishmaniasis, and skin conditions linked to syphilis. Additionally, against the hepatocarcinogenesis brought on by aflatoxin B1 in Winstar rats, a considerable antioxidant capability was seen (37). According to preclinical research, cashew tree bark metabolites showed an antipyretic effect for anacardic acid (38). Using vegetable oil derived from cashew nuts, scientists performed mutagenic studies on Salmonella thyphimurium, which demonstrated mutagenicity with or without the activation of the S9 portion (39). It has been established that the tannic acid in cashews inhibits the Salmonella thyphimurium TA98 lineage's ability to mutate. The bark and leaves of the cashew tree are a rich source of tannins, a group of plant chemicals with documented biological effects (40). Numerous clinical investigations have demonstrated that tannins have the ability to treat some cancer cells as well as slow the darkening effects of age by decreasing tyrosinase activity (41-42). The aim of this work is to Evaluate the effect of Anacardium occidentale cashew apple juice on kidney of Gentamicin Induced Injury in Albino Rats.
Materials and Method:
Plants collection Fresh Anacardium occidentale fruit were harvested from the adjacent Oye village in Ekiti State, Nigeria, which is the plant's natural habitat. The Department of Botany at Federal University in Ekiti State, Nigeria, verified the authenticity of the plant. A voucher number of FUFP 3001 was assigned
Extraction
The orange-reddish cashew apple plant material was collected in Nigeria's Ekiti State's Oye Local Government. In a lab setting, cashew apple fruits were peeled, sliced, and crushed. The juice was then extracted from the resulting mash using a press.
Animals
Adult albino rats, both male and female, were bought from the Bingham University animal sanctuary. They were fed typical animal pellets and had unrestricted access to water. Animal research were permitted and approved by the College of Health Sciences Animal Ethics committee at Federal University in Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Animal treatment
For this study, a total of thirty rats were employed. The positive control in Group 1 was given saline as usual. While groups 3, 4, and 5 received 10, 20, and 40 ml/kg of the extract, respectively, groups 2 received normal saline. Groups 2-6 received gentamicin 100mg/kg bw daily for 8 days while also receiving the aforementioned medication. All animals were weighed again and sacrificed under low diethyl ether vapor 24 hours following the previous dose.
Hematological study:
After the rats were slain under diethylether anesthesia, blood samples from each one was drawn and placed into EDTA-coated sample bottles for analysis. The blood samples were drawn using 21-gauge (21 G) needles mounted on a 5 ml syringe. Full blood count (FBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), platelet concentration (PLC), total and differential white blood cell count are hematological measures (WBC). The automated hematology system was used to examine these parameters.
Chempathology analysis
The remaining blood was drawn into a clear bottle, allowed to coagulate, and then centrifuged at 300 rpm for 10 minutes. The collected serum was used to estimate several biochemical parameters.
Histological study:
A portion of each kidney was surgically removed, weighed, and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for histology processing.
Statistical analysis
The mean and standard error of the mean were used to express the data (SEM). One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically assess the data before Dunnett's post hoc test.
Result:
Effect of A. occidentale fruit juice on gentamicin-induced toxicity's haematological parameters
Compared to the, organotoxic group, the fruit juice extract from Anacardium occidentale significantly increased (P less than 0.05) the levels of RBC, WBC, PCV, platelets, and eosinophils. Additionally, gentamicin did not significantly change the level of hemoglobin. (Table 1).
Effect of A. occidentale fruit juice on body weight ratio of gentamicin induced toxicity
When compared to the paracetamol group, there was no significant improvement in the weight to body size ratio of rats in the extracts group (P less than 0.05) (Table 2).
Effect of A. occidentale fruit juice on kidney parameters of gentamicin induced toxicity
The levels of urea were significantly improved (P less than 0.05) while creatinine level did not significantly reduce when compared to paracetamol group (Table 2).
Table 1: Effect of A. occidentale fruit juice on haematological parameters of paracetamol induced toxicity.
*Significantly different from the distilled water (DW) control at p<0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>
Table 2: Effect of A. occidentale fruit juice on body weight ratio of gentamicin induced toxicity
Table 3: Effect of A. occidentale fruit juice on kidney parameters of gentamicin induced toxicity
Figure 1: Histological sections of Kidneys of rats treated with Normal saline 10 ml/kg (1), Gent 100 mg/kg (2), Gent 100mg/kg and AO 10ml bw (3) and Gent100 mg/kg and AO 20 (4), Gent 100 mg/kg and AO 40 (5), at magnification A (x100) and B(x400)) stained with H&E Technique.
Discussion
In general, plants with savory or fragrant traits that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medical purposes, or for fragrances are referred to as herbs. This excludes vegetables and other plants ingested for macronutrients. Vitamin C, antioxidants (41), and sugars (42) are all abundant in cashew apple juice. Brazil, India, Nigeria, and other countries eat a lot of it. In processed meals, cashew apple juice has the potential to serve as a natural supply of sugar and vitamin C. Although cashew apple juice has been used for many years for therapeutic and recreational purposes, little research has been done on its capacity to preserve the body's systems. For both humans and animals, hematological characteristics are significant indicators of the physiological and pathological status [43-46]. While there were no changes in the value of WBC, anacardium occidentale significantly increased the values of RBC, PCV, Hb, and monocytes. Red blood cells and the elements that affect them are important indicators for assessing circulatory erythrocytes, important in the diagnosis of anemia, and also helpful indicators of the ability of mammalian bone marrow to manufacture RBC (47–48). The considerable increase in RBC and PCV after administration of A. occidentalis may be a clue that the juice extract of the plant stimulates erythropoiesis. The rate of erythropoietin release in the kidney, the humoral regulator of RBC production, may have increased or been stopped from decreasing by the extract A platelet count can be used to diagnose a number of illnesses and conditions that may interfere with blood clot formation (49–50). It could be applied as a component of the examination for a bone marrow condition, excessive clotting disorder, or bleeding disorder (51). When anything prompts the bone marrow to produce an excessive number of platelets, a high platelet count might result (52–54). It is referred to as primary or essential thrombocytosis when there is no recognized cause. Secondary thrombocytosis is the term used to describe extra platelets brought on by an illness or another condition (55–56). A person is at risk of experiencing heavy bleeding if they have a low platelet count, which can make it difficult for the blood to clot. The cause might be a genetic propensity to create insufficient platelets, but it could also be undetermined. Other times, an underlying medical problem is at blame (57). In this study, gentamicin-induced thrombocytopenia was reduced in all groups by cashew fruit juice.
An aminoglycoside antibiotic called gentamicin is frequently used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those brought on by aerobic Gram-negative bacilli (58). Clinically, its nephrotoxicity is a serious problem (59-60). According to estimates, more than one-third of patients receiving gentamicin for a prolonged period of time (at least 7 days) exhibit symptoms of renal impairment (61). Gentamicin's renal toxicity plays a role in its capacity to trigger apoptosis in renal tissue. Mesangial cells and renal proximal tubule cells are the principal sites of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity (62-63). When gentamicin interacts with mitochondria, oxidative stress results, which triggers necrosis and apoptosis (64). Gentamicin causes tubular damage with the loss of the epithelial cells' brush-like edge. Without treatment, acute tubular necrosis results from tubular damage (65). Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, as well as histopathologic and morphometric assays, can be used to assess the renal damage caused by gentamicin. In the current study, paracetamol toxic group (group 2) rats who received a nephrotoxic dose of the drug had significantly higher serum levels of urea and creatinine than the control group. These findings concur with those made by Simeon et al (60) who observed that rats given 1 g/kg b.w. of paracetamol had higher blood urea and creatinine levels. The increase in urea and creatinine levels was explained by the presence of a substantial association between nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress by Oyepata et al. (66) and Opeyemi et al. (67). The increased synthesis of H2O2 and O2 changes the filtration surface area and filtration coefficient, which both have the potential to reduce glomerular filtration and cause an accumulation of urea and creatinine in the blood (63). When compared to the normal group, the paracetamol control group (group 1) had significantly higher potassium and salt concentrations than the normal group (group 2). In the groups who got A. occidentale, this effect was markedly reduced. This outcome is consistent with the findings of Sebastine et al. (67), who noted elevated potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) levels in rats given gentamicin. A useful predictor of renal function is the serum creatinine levels. In this investigation, the extract of A. occidentale was employed as a potential repair agent against toxicity brought on by gentamicin, a drug known to be toxic to the kidneys. The dried fruit of A. occidentale has been reported to contained alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, glycosides, and phenols in both the ethanol and the aqueous extracts (65-69). The abundance of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants has been linked to their pharmacological activities (70-73). Generally speaking, plants create a large number of secondary metabolites, which are a significant source of microbicides, antioxidants, insecticides, and many pharmaceutical medications (74-76). Histological analysis is congruent with hematological and biochemical indicators.
Conclusion
The findings imply that Anacardium occidentale cashew apple may be useful in managing some renal disorders as well as protecting the kidney against some hazardous pollutants.
Author’s contributions: JOS, JOT conceptualized and designed the study; JOS, JOT and SAZ carried out the experiments. JOS, JOT and SAZ- Writing of the article. The entire study was supervised by JOS. All authors read the manuscript and approved its submission.
Conflict of Interest:
Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest
Acknowledgement
The authors of this work wish to thank everyone who has contributed to the success of this work.
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To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice!
I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence
in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt,
during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication.
Thank
Prof. Elvira Farina
Dr Elvira Farina
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Virginia E. Koenig
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases.
Thank you for all.
Delcio G Silva Junior
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article.
Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office.
I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Ziemlé Clément Méda
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports
I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office.
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It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work.
Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
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The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Sing-yung Wu
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Orlando Villarreal
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
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Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo
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Pedro Marques Gomes
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
Bernard Terkimbi Utoo
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Prof Sherif W Mansour
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing
We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
Hao Jiang
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal.
The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage.
The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful.
The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders.
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Dr Shiming Tang
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery,
Editorial Coordinator,
I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office.
The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
Raed Mualem
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Andreas Filippaios
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity.
The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dr Suramya Dhamija
Dear Erica Kelsey,
Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics
Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications.
We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
Bruno Chauffert
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article.
Have a good day!
Baheci Selen
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
Jesus Simal-Gandara
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far.
Keep up the great work.
Douglas Miyazaki
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
Dr Griffith
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
Dr Tong Ming Liu
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
Husain Taha Radhi
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery.
The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent.
The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value.
I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
S Munshi
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
Tania Munoz
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
George Varvatsoulias
Dear editorial department:
On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal.
Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner.
I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality.
Sincerely,
Rui Tao.
Rui Tao
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Khurram Arshad
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent,
the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Lin Shaw Chin
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project.
I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality.
We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions,
I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients."
I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing.
¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions,
The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed.
The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing!
"I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Zsuzsanna Bene
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
Dr Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent,
the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
Lin-Show Chin
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional.
The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work.
The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient.
The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research.
I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
Sonila Qirko
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional.
I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
Luiz Sellmann
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Zhao Jia
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery,
"The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
Thomas Urban
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient.
The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
Cristina Berriozabal
To Dear Erin Aust,
I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable.
Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free.
I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
Dr Shweta Tiwari
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication.
This journal certainly publishes quality research articles.
I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dr Farooq Wandroo
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
Dr Anyuta Ivanova
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
Dr David Vinyes
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice!
I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence
in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt,
during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication.
Thank
Prof. Elvira Farina
Dr Elvira Farina
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
