AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/274
1 Department of medical laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
2 Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
3 Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: Ogbodo Emmanuel Chukwuemeka. Department of medical laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Citation: Analike Rosita Chinechelum, Okwara John Ekenedilichukwu, Meludu Samuel Chukwuemeka, Analike Rosemary Adamma, Ogbodo Emmanuel Chukwuemeka. (2022). Evaluation of dyslipidemia prevalence among undergraduate university students., J. Journal of Clinical Research and Reports, 12(1) DOI:10.31579/2690-1919/274.
Copyright: © 2022 Ogbodo Emmanuel Chukwuemeka. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of The Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 12 October 2022 | Accepted: 18 October 2022 | Published: 27 October 2022
Keywords: dyslipidemia; BMI; blood pressure; age; lipid profile
Dyslipidemia has grown to be a significant global public health issue particularly in developing nations like ours, as a result of rising trends in dietary habits, physical inactivity, and obesity, which each play essential roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among undergraduate students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University in Nnewi. Two hundred (200) students between the ages of 18 and 30 who appeared to be in good health were selected at random. After that, each participant provided a fasting blood sample of five milliliters (5ml) for the evaluation of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) using standard laboratory techniques. Additionally, the body mass index (BMI) and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings were calculated. 44 percent of participants were males and 56 percent were females, with an average age of 22.41 ±1.68 years. While 3% of the participants were underweight, 27% of them were overweight, and 6% were pre-obese, the majority of them (64%) had a normal BMI. Three percent (3%) of the participants had pre-hypertension, whereas 97% of the participants had normal blood pressure. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and high LDL-C among the participants, as defined by the World Health Organization, was 39.5%, 26.5%, 4%, 12.5%, and 16.5%, respectively. SBP Vs DBP, DBP Vs Weight, DBP Vs BMI, Weight Vs BMI, TC Vs TG, TC Vs HDL, and TC Vs LDL all had significant positive correlations (p<0.05) while SBP Vs TG, SBP Vs HDL, and TC Vs LDL all had significant negative correlations (r=-0.148, p=0.036, and r=-0.203, p=0.004). The female sex was strongly related with dyslipidemia (48.2%), whereas the male sex was not (28.4%). As a result, there is a pressing need to educate the public about the essential changes in food habits and overall lifestyle to maintain cardiovascular health.
The abnormal amount of lipids (e.g. triglycerides, cholesterol, and/or fats phospholipids) in the blood is known as dyslipidemia. Elevated plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), as well as reduced plasma levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), are all characteristics of dyslipidemia (Manjunath et al., 2013; Bibbins-Domingo et al., 2016). Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, excessive alcohol consumption, cholestatic liver disease, renal disease, smoking, and obesity are all conditions that can result in dyslipidemia (Okaka and Eiya, 2013). Despite being a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia is becoming more common. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide (GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators, 2018), with a high prevalence in most countries but a higher burden on the populations of developing countries like Nigeria as a result of dietary changes, physical inactivity, and increased alcohol consumption, among other factors (Munsinguiz et al., 2020). Prevalence varies by region in Sub-Saharan Africa, with rates of more than 50% in Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal, and 39.30 percent in Nigeria (Fatou et al., 2016). Dylipidemia is growing more frequent, although most people are unaware of it because they are not identified and thus not treated. This increases the risk to an already vulnerable group, exacerbating the morbidity, death, and medical expenses associated with cardiovascular disease.
The burden of cardiovascular disease is increasing in emerging nations like Nigeria due to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (Nnamudi et al., 2020). The heart and blood arteries make up the cardiovascular system (Farley et al., 2012). On the other hand, cardiovascular diseases are a group of conditions that affect the heart and blood arteries. Atherosclerosis is the main underlying pathology of cardiovascular diseases, which continue to be a major cause of morbidity and premature death in the world. CVDs accounted for 11% of all fatalities in Nigeria in 2018 (WHO, 2018). Men appear to have a higher mortality rate than women of the same age (Ezeugwunne et al., 2017), with coronary artery disease and stroke accounting for 80% of CVD fatalities in men and 75% of CVD fatalities in women (WHO, 2011). Atherosclerosis is linked to dyslipidemia, which raises the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Numerous risk factors for CVDs can be categorized as modifiable or non-modifiable. Risk factors that can be changed include unhealthy eating habits, inactivity, drinking alcohol improperly, and smoking, which can lead to dyslipidemia, hypertension, high blood sugar, and other conditions, as well as overweight and obesity (WHO, 2018).These factors can be avoided with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and a well-balanced lifestyle. Several research (Oguoma et al., 2015; Ezeugwunne et al., 2017; González-Rivas et al., 2018; Vizentin et al., 2019; Nnamudi et al., 2020) have found varied levels of abnormalities in lipid levels (dyslipidemia) in apparently healthy persons. In a study of a Nigerian adult population, Oguoma et al. discovered a prevalence of low HDL (17.8%), hypertriglyceridemia (23.2%), hypercholesterolemia (38.1%), and central obesity (52.2%) (Oguoma et al., 2015). Also, a study examining the frequency and pattern of dyslipidemia in Nigeria discovered that dyslipidemia was common in all of Nigeria's geographic zones. Overall 60 percent of the apparently healthy Nigerians had dyslipidemia, while 89 percent of diabetic Nigerians had dyslipidemia (Oguejiofor et al., 2012). Furthermore, Olamoyegun and colleagues discovered elevated TC, high LDL-C, elevated TG, and low HDL-C in 5.3 percent, 19.3 percent, 4.4 percent, and 76.3 percent of their semi-urban inhabitants in Nigeria (Olamoyegun et al., 2016). Furthermore, varying prevalence of prediabetes and prehypertension has also been recorded in the current area among the study population (Obiora et al., 2017; Oponi et al., 2017). In light of the foregoing, it is critical to address the issue of dyslipidemia and, by extension, cardiovascular disease by involving the population at risk in a well-designed study that will raise awareness of the risk factors for dyslipidemia and its associated diseases and provide guidance to health policymakers, laboratory scientists, and clinicians.
Study design
This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of dyslipidemia among Undergraduate University students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus.
Sample size
Using the procedure outlined by Charan and Biswas, the sample size was estimated (2013);
N = (Z2pq)
d2
Where:
N= Desired number of sample when population of the facility is limited
Z = The standard normal variance where confidence level is 1.96 at 95%
p = prevalence rate of dyslipidemia in Nigeria is 85.9% (Fatou et al., 2016)
q = 1 – p
d = 5% i.e degree of precision as desired by the researcher.
Applying the method,
N = Z2 x P x (1-P)
D2
N = 1.962 x 0.859x (1-0.859)
0.052
N = 186±10%
Participants’ Recruitment
200 college students, both male and female, between the ages of 18 and 30, who appeared to be in good health, were enrolled in the study.
Inclusion criteria
The study included undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 30 from the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, and Faculty of Medicine at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi campus.
Exclusion criteria
This study excluded smokers, alcoholics, and individuals with pre-existing diseases (diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease).
Ethical consideration
The faculty of Health Science and Technology's ethics committee approved the study before it began (NAU/FHST/2021/MLS77). Also, prior to the start of the study, the participants were asked to give their written informed consent.
Collection Of Samples
Five milliliters (5ml) of venous fasting blood was aseptically taken from each person after a 10- to 12-hour fast through the antecubital vein using a plastic syringe that had little to no stasis and placed in a plain container. Before being centrifuged for five minutes at a speed of 1000 rpm, the blood sample was given time to clot and retracted. The sera were then separated into plain tubes for lipid profile estimation and the samples that wouldn't be evaluated immediately were frozen at -8ºC.
Laboratory Methods
According to Allain et al. (1974), Fossati et al. (1982), and Burstein et al. (1980), TC, TG, and HDL-C levels were measured using enzymatic techniques, while LDL-C was estimated using the formula provided by Assmann et al. (1984). Fasting total cholesterol >5.2 mmol/l, fasting TG >1.7 mmol/l, LDL ≥3.5 mmol/L, and HDL <0>Anthropometrics indices and Blood pressure reading
Body mass index (BMI) was computed using the following formula: BMI= weight (Kg) / height (m2). Weight was measured using an automatic weighing scale, and height was measured using a measuring tape fastened to a piece of wood. Body mass index (BMI) values ≥25 and above 30 kg/m2 were used to characterize overweight and generalized obesity, respectively.
Study design
This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of dyslipidemia among Undergraduate University students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus.
Sample size
Using the procedure outlined by Charan and Biswas, the sample size was estimated (2013);
N = (Z2pq)
d2
Where:
N= Desired number of sample when population of the facility is limited
Z = The standard normal variance where confidence level is 1.96 at 95%
p = prevalence rate of dyslipidemia in Nigeria is 85.9% (Fatou et al., 2016)
q = 1 – p
d = 5% i.e degree of precision as desired by the researcher.
Applying the method,
N = Z2 x P x (1-P)
D2
N = 1.962 x 0.859x (1-0.859)
0.052
N = 186±10%
Participants’ Recruitment
200 college students, both male and female, between the ages of 18 and 30, who appeared to be in good health, were enrolled in the study.
Inclusion criteria
The study included undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 30 from the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, and Faculty of Medicine at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi campus.
Exclusion criteria
This study excluded smokers, alcoholics, and individuals with pre-existing diseases (diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease).
Ethical consideration
The faculty of Health Science and Technology's ethics committee approved the study before it began (NAU/FHST/2021/MLS77). Also, prior to the start of the study, the participants were asked to give their written informed consent.
Collection Of Samples
Five milliliters (5ml) of venous fasting blood was aseptically taken from each person after a 10- to 12-hour fast through the antecubital vein using a plastic syringe that had little to no stasis and placed in a plain container. Before being centrifuged for five minutes at a speed of 1000 rpm, the blood sample was given time to clot and retracted. The sera were then separated into plain tubes for lipid profile estimation and the samples that wouldn't be evaluated immediately were frozen at -8ºC.
Laboratory Methods
According to Allain et al. (1974), Fossati et al. (1982), and Burstein et al. (1980), TC, TG, and HDL-C levels were measured using enzymatic techniques, while LDL-C was estimated using the formula provided by Assmann et al. (1984). Fasting total cholesterol >5.2 mmol/l, fasting TG >1.7 mmol/l, LDL ≥3.5 mmol/L, and HDL <0>Anthropometrics indices and Blood pressure reading
Body mass index (BMI) was computed using the following formula: BMI= weight (Kg) / height (m2). Weight was measured using an automatic weighing scale, and height was measured using a measuring tape fastened to a piece of wood. Body mass index (BMI) values ≥25 and above 30 kg/m2 were used to characterize overweight and generalized obesity, respectively.
The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used to analyze the results. The paired student t-test and Pearson correlation were used to statistically analyze the data, which was presented as mean±SD, with level of significance assumed at p<0>
The anthropometric indices of the study subjects are shown in TABLE 1.
Table 1: Anthropometric Indices of the Students Studied
The study involved 200 students (88 men and 112 females) between the ages of 18 and 30. Female students accounted for 56 percent of the total, while male students accounted for 44 percent. 89 percent of the students who took part were under the age of 25, while 11 percent were beyond the age of 25. Students with a normal BMI, underweight, overweight, pre-obese, normal blood pressure, and pre-hypertensive blood pressure account for 64 percent, 3 percent, 27 percent, 6 percent, 97 percent, and 3 percent of the population, respectively.
Male systolic blood pressure (119.05 ± 9.73), female systolic blood pressure (116.82 ± 9.09), male diastolic blood pressure (70.59 ± 8.03), female diastolic blood pressure (69.33 ± 9.99), male body mass index (22.86 ± 3.96) and female body mass index (23.48 ± 3.84) had no sex differences (P>0.05). Male height (1.77 ± 0.08) and male weight (72.64 ± 11.07) had significantly higher mean ± SDs than female height (1.68 ± 0.08) and female weight (66.40 ± 10.32), respectively (p<0>
*Statistically significant at p<0>
Table 2: Blood Pressure and Anthropometric Parameters in participants studied Grouped by Sex (Mean±SD)
There were no sex differences in the mean and standard deviation of male high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.21± 0.27) compared to female high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.22 ± 0.23) (P>0.05). Male total cholesterol (4.56 ± 0.66) and male low density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.75 ± 0.62) mean ± SD were significantly lower than female total cholesterol (4.86 ± 0.84) and female low density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.08 ± 0.83), respectively (p<0>
*Statistically significant at p<0>
Table 3: Lipid profile levels in participants studied based on Sex (mean±SD)
*Statistically significant at p<0>
Table 4: Association between Parameters of the Studied Participants
Significant positive correlations were found between SBP and DBP (r= 0.323; p= 0.000), DBP and weight (r= 0.206; p=0.003), DBP and BMI (r= 0.156; p=0.028), height and weight (r=0.416; p=0.000), weight and BMI (r= 0.645; p=0.000), TC and TG (r=0.152; p=0.032), TC and HDL (r=r=0.207; p=0.003), TC and LDL (r=0.934, p=0.000) while SBP Vs TG (r=-0.148; p=0.036), SBP Vs HDL (r=-0.203; p=0.004), and Height Vs BMI (r=-0.235; p=0.001) all had statistically significant negative relationships.
*Statistically significant at p<0>
Table 5: Association between Parameters Studied in the Male Participants
The study parameters showed significant positive correlations between SBP and DBP (r=0.277; p=0.009), SBP and BMI (r=0.212; p=0.048), Height and Weight (r=0.464; p=0.000), Weight and BMI (r=0.537; p=0.000), TC and TG (r=0.280; p=0.008), TC and HDL (r=0.266; p=0.012), TC and LDL (r=0.881; p=0.000), while SBP and TG had a strong negative correlation (r=-0.276; p=0.009).
*Statistically significant at p<0>
Table 6: Association between Parameters Studied in the Female Participants.
Significant positive associations were found in the study parameters between SBP and DBP (0.351; p=0.000), DBP and BMI (0.264; p=0.005), Height and Weight (0.219; p=0.020), Weight and BMI (0.836; p=0.000), TC and LDL (0.955; p=0.000), and DBP and Weight (0.234; 0.013).
Also, significant negative correlations were seen between SBP and HDL (r= -0.292; p=0.002), height and BMI (r= -0.347; p=0.000), and height and TG (r= -0.227; p=0.016), but not with the other parameters (p>0.05).
Table 7: Prevalence of Dyslipidemia Among Studied Group
Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and high LDL-C were found to be prevalent in 26.5 percent, 4 percent, 12.5 percent, and 16.5 percent of the population, respectively.
Dyslipidemia is a global epidemic that is a major cause of cardiovascular disease.
Dyslipidemia was quite prevalent among the individuals in this study (39.5 percent). This increase in dyslipidemia prevalence could be due to changes in eating habits, decreased physical activity, and work intensity. The current result is higher than previous findings in Eastern Ethiopia (34.8%; Sufa et al., 2019), Africa (25.5%; Noubiap et al., 2018), China (32.2%; Liu et al., 2018); and Iran (30.0%; Najafipour et al., 2016). However, the prevalence recorded in the present study is lower compared to previous studies reported in Lithuania (89.7%; Rinkūnienė et al., 2015), South Africa (85.0%) (Dave et al., 2016), India (78.4%) (Banerjee et al., 2014), Poland (77.2%) (Pająk et al., 2016), India (50.7%) (Wankhade et al., 2018), Uganda (63.3%) (Bakesiima et al., 2018), Palestine (66.4%) (Ali et al., 2019) and South Africa (67.3%) (Reiger et al., 2017). This disparity could be attributed to differences in cutoffs applied in the different studies.
Elevated LDL-C (16.5%) and high total cholesterol (26.5%) were the two most common components of dyslipidemia, which is consistent with earlier findings in Nigeria reported by Okaka and Eiya (Okaka and Eiya, 2013) and Oguoma et al. (Oguoma et al., 2015). (Okaka and Eiya, 2013). The increasing consumption of simple carbohydrates and saturated fat in modern diets may be the cause of this phenomenon.
The prevalence of high total cholesterol (26.5%) in this study is lower than that in the prior study published in Ethiopia (33.7%) and Iran (29.6%) (Sufa et al., 2019), but is higher than the study results in Ethiopia (5.2%) (Gebreyes et al., 2018), Northern Ghana (4.02%) (Agongo et al., 2018), South Western Uganda (6%) (Asiki et al., 2015), South East Nigeria (8%; 11.4%) (Okwara et al., 2021; Anyabolu, 2017) and South East costal region in China (8.4%) (Lin et al., 2019).
The prevalence of high LDL-C (16.5%) in this study is higher than the previous finding reported in Ethiopia (14.1%) (Gebreyes et al., 2018), Northern Ghana (5.55%) (Agongo et al., 2018) and in South East costal region in China (13.9%) (Lin et al., 2019). But lower than the findings reported in Thailand (56.5%) (Narindrarangkura et al., 2019), Uganda (60.9%) (Lumu et al., 2017), Ghana (61.0%) (Micah and Nkum, 2012), Senegal (66.3%) (Doupa et al., 2014), Jordan (75.9%) (Abujbara et al., 2018), and India (47.8%) (Banerjee et al., 2014)
The current study's prevalence of low HDL-C (12.5%) is somewhat comparable to earlier studies conducted in various African nations, notably Malawi (15.9%) (Amberbir et al., 2018), Ghana (17.0%) (Micah and Nkum, 2012), and Africa (18.5%) (Micah and Nkum, 2012), unlike many prior studies in the South East costal region of China (23.1%) (Lin et al., 2019), South East Nigeria (34.4%) (Anyabolu, 2017), Northern Ghana (60.30%) (Agongo et al., 2018), Ethiopia (68.7%) (Gebreyes et al., 2018), and South Western Uganda (71.3%) (Asiki et al., 2015).
The prevalence of high triglycerides (4%) in this study is higher than the results from Northern Ghana reported before (2.12%) (Agongo et al., 2018), but lower than those reported in Thailand (49.9%) (Narindrarangkura et al., 2019), South Africa (59.3%) (Reiger et al., 2017), Brazil (65.3%) (Feitosa et al., 2017), Senegal (7.1%) (Doupa et al., 2014), Ethiopia (21.0%) (Gebreyes et al., 2018), Malawi (28.7%) (Amberbir et al., 2018), Venezuela (39.7%) (González-Rivas et al., 2018), Jordan (41.9%) (Abujbara et al., 2018), and Uganda (42.1%) (Lumu et al., 2017).
Males (28.4%) had a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study than females (48.2%), which was 39.5 percent. There were no sex differences in the mean and standard deviation of male high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.21±0.27) compared to female high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.22±0.23). Male total cholesterol (4.56 0.66) and male low density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.75±0.62) had mean and standard deviations that were significantly lower than those of female total cholesterol (4.86±0.84) and female low density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.08±0.83), respectively (P 0.05). Additionally, the mean and standard deviation of the male triglycerides (1.34±0.34 Vs 1.24 ±0.20) were significantly higher (P <0>
Significant positive correlations were found between SBP and DBP, DBP and weight, DBP and BMI, height and weight, weight and BMI, TC and TG, TC and HDL, TC and LDL while SBP and TG, SBP and HDL as well as Height and BMI all had statistically significant negative relationships.
Although the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the undergraduate students studied was not as high as that reported in Lithuania, South Africa, India, Poland, Uganda, Palestine, and South Africa, it was higher than that reported in Ethiopia, Africa, China, and Iran. The most common kind of dyslipidemia was high total cholesterol, followed by raised LDL-C. Lifestyle and diet appear to be driving a rise in prevalence, particularly among women. Among other interventions, population-wide awareness, specialized education on increased cholesterols and related dangers should be encouraged.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
