Evaluation of Different Agam Propagation Methods and Planting Technologies in The Production of Categorized Sugar Cane Seeds in Cuba

Short Communication | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/142

Evaluation of Different Agam Propagation Methods and Planting Technologies in The Production of Categorized Sugar Cane Seeds in Cuba

  • Héctor Jorge Suárez *
  • Samuel Cortez Figueroa 1
  • Oscar Suárez Benítez 2
  • Lázaro Abad Cabrera 3
  • Francisco Cuadras Isaacc 2
  • Cesario Blanco González 2

1 University of Guadalajara, Mexico. Phone 50622120.

2 Sugar Cane Research Institute. CUJAE Highway Km ½. Boyeros. Havana Cuba.

3 Caracas City Sugar Company. Lajas. Cienfuegos-Cuba.

*Corresponding Author: Héctor Jorge Suárez, Sugar Cane Research Institute. CUJAE Highway Km ½. Boyeros. Havana Cuba.

Citation: Héctor Jorge Suárez, Samuel Cortez Figueroa, Oscar S. Benítez, Lázaro A. Cabrera, Francisco C. Isaacc, et al, (2024), Evaluation of Different Agam Propagation Methods and Planting Technologies in The Production of Categorized Sugar Cane Seeds in Cuba, J. General Medicine and Clinical Practice, 7(6); DOI:10.31579/2639-4162/142

Copyright: © 2024, Héctor Jorge Suárez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 09 January 2024 | Accepted: 18 March 2024 | Published: 27 March 2024

Keywords: planting technologies, propagation methods

Abstract

The results of two studies in areas of the Registered Seed Bank of the Ciudad Caracas Sugar Company in the province of Cienfuegos are presented, where two methods of agamic propagation (Cuttings and Vitroplants) and two planting technologies (distance between rows at 1 .50 m and 1.80 m), the cultivar used was C10-166, the evaluation was carried out at 11 months of age. The area of the plots of the experiment with traditional technology was 60 m2 and that of the Wide Base was 72 m2. The variables studied were t cane ha-1, stem length (cm), stem diameter (cm) and number of stems m-1, as well as the economic value of propagation by cuttings comparing both planting technologies. The randomized block design with three repetitions was used, simple variance analysis and mean comparison test were performed using the Multiple Range test with Tukey's test (p<0.01 and p<0.05), in addition regressions were performed, of first and third order to determine the variables with the greatest influence on agricultural performance. The results obtained were significant increases in the variables number of stem m-1 and t cane ha-1 in favor of propagation by vitroplants, the broad-based planting technology surpassed the traditional one in stem production and agricultural yield, the number of stems m-1 linear had a positive and significant relationship with sugarcane production and the Benefit/Cost relationship was positive.

Introduction

In sugarcane cultivation, the use of high-quality propagative material is of utmost importance, since it is used for the reproduction of plantations (Jorge et al., 2019). The above justifies the need to continue carrying out research in the different categories of seed with adapted and highly productive varieties with the intention of increasing the production (quality and profitability) of the mills (Alfaro et al., 2007).

The production and use of high-quality seed plays a determining role in the development and comprehensive improvement of sugarcane agriculture, which constitutes a decisive technological step in obtaining high agricultural and sugar yields per unit of cultivated area. This activity, together with the use of resistant varieties, has become the most important and almost exclusive element available to have healthy plantations.

The agamic multiplication of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) favors the spread of diseases caused by pathogenic organisms, among which the following stand out: mosaic (Sugarcane mosaic virus), leaf scald (Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dawson), smut (Ustilago scitaminea Sydow) and shoot rickets (Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli) (Glyn, 2005).

It is important to note that the expenses involved in seed production are cushioned by the expected benefits, which can far exceed the investments, since concentrating efforts for phytosanitary control on the seed is always preferable and more economical than running the risk of spreading on a commercial scale, a pathology transmissible through planting material. (INICA 2021).

A strong seed industry is essential for the supply of vigorous propagation material to producers and for the prospective development of the agricultural sector. Planting sugarcane with categorized seeds is the simplest and most important step to increase crop yields, as an integral part of its agronomic management strategy (Jorge et al., 2018).

One of the factors that limits the production of sugar cane is the use of seeds of low phytosanitary quality, since sometimes seeds from commercial areas not from the chain of the seed system (Basic, Registered and Certified) are used. that may be affected by diseases. (Jorge et al., 2020)

Classic methods for the production of healthy sugarcane seed use heat treatments (water or hot air) and the application of chemical products to eliminate pathogenic organisms that affect the crop (Hoy and Flynn, 2001; Glyn , 2005). Furthermore, tissue culture techniques have made it possible to obtain seeds with high genetic purity, health and vigor; For this reason, its use has spread in many sugarcane-growing countries (Pérez-Ponce, 1998; Hoy and Flynn, 2001; Glyn, 2005; Guevara and Ovalle, 2005).

Different authors agree that the seed from micropropagation generally has a greater number of stems, height and weight of the stems and greater cultural and sugar/plot yield than the seed obtained conventionally by cuttings, with or without heat treatment ( Anderlini and Kotska, 1986; Jiménez et al., 1991; Santana et al., 1992; Pérez Ponce, 1998; Comstock and Miller, 2004; Flynn et al., 2005). Jorge et al., (2020) pointed out that the response of two cultivars evaluated in the plant cane and first shoot or soca strains, confirmed that the agamic reproduction methods by one-bud cuttings, three-bud cuttings (with prior soaking in water with circulation for 24 hours, heat treatment at 51 0C for one hour and chemical treatment for fifteen minutes) and vitroplants are effective and safe from a phytosanitary point of view to avoid the presence of Xanthomonas albilineans.

Categorized seed production is a practice of great importance in all agricultural crops because it allows high populations and high agricultural yields to be achieved. The Cuban seed system for the cultivation of sugar cane has 11 Basic Seed Banks and 61 Registered Seed Banks, which have good infrastructure, adequate phytotechnical conditions (irrigation, machinery, productive soils, etc.) and qualified human resources. However, the certified seed areas in Cuba only have 30% under irrigated conditions, so the majority of the seed is controlled, since it does not meet the requirement to be certified as categorized seed. In Cuba, around 70% of the planting is carried out in the period of May-June, at this stage is when the seed deficit is most accentuated since the entire period of least precipitation has passed (November - April) and the seed material propagation is not suitable, hence the importance of increasing yields in seed banks to be able to allocate part of the areas for the production of certified seed, where broad-based planting technology can be an alternative.

This technology provides important benefits for sugarcane production. Among the most relevant are the increase in the population of the fields, better weed control with savings in the number of cleanings and the application of herbicides, greater control of equipment traffic along the median and therefore a decrease in compaction and increase in agricultural yield (Labrada et al., 2018).

The objectives of this work were:

  1. Compare the components of agricultural yield and sugarcane production in plants reproduced by cuttings and by vitroplants with different planting technologies
  2. Evaluate the wide-based furrow planting technology compared to the traditional one (1.50 m) in areas of categorized sugarcane seed with two agamic reproduction methods.
  3.  Determine the variables that have the greatest influence on t cane ha-1

Materials and Methods

Study Location, Cultivars, Reproduction Methods and Planting Technologies.

The study was developed in the Registered Seed Bank (BSR) of the Ciudad Caracas Sugar Agroindustrial Company in Cienfuegos, located in the town of Manaquita, municipality of Lajas, on Brown soils with carbonate (Hernández et al., 2015). Two experiments were planted in the month of September 2022 and the cane plant was harvested in August 2023, at 11 months of age, the cultivar used was C10-166. Table 1 reflected the treatments used.

ExperimentsAgamic Propagation MethodsPlanting Technology
Experiment 1Three-bud cuttings and vitroplantsTraditional (1.50 between rows or furrows)
Experiment 2Three-bud cuttings and vitroplantsWide Base (1.40 +0.40).

Experimental design and variables studied

The area of ​​the plots of the experiment with traditional technology was 60 m2 (4 rows of 10 m long at a distance between rows of 1.50 m) and the Wide base was 72 m2 (4 rows of 10 m long at a distance between furrows of 1.80 m). The variables studied were agricultural yield (t cane ha-1 and its components (length of stems (cm), diameter of stems (cm) and number of stems m-1) as well as the economic valuation in propagation by cuttings. comparing both planting technologies. The randomized block design with three repetitions was used.

Statistical analysis

Simple variance analysis and means comparison test were performed using Multiple Range Test with Tukey's test (p<0>

To estimate the diameter and height in each plot, 20 stems were chosen at random, while the number of stems was assessed with the total count of the stems of the two central furrows of each plot of the experiments divided by the furrow length (10m).

Agricultural yield was estimated in accordance with what was reported by Martíns and Landell (1995).

t cane ha-1 = D2*h* number of stems linear m-1* (0.007854/ distance between rows)

Where: D2: diameter squared h: height or length of the stem, and 0.007854 constant.

The statistical processing of the experimental agricultural database was carried out using the Statographics-plus-5.0 statistical package.

For the economic valuation, the cost and price sheet for one hectare of cane planting by the traditional method was taken into account without including the seed (11077 cup) established by AZCUBA, in the case of the wide base it increased by 18.55 %, the cost of basic seed (for a hectare of cane at 1.50 m between plants is 10 ton ha-1, while for the wide base it was estimated at 17.6 ton ha-1), the cost of harvesting and The price per ton of Registered Seed II is also the one established by Grupo Azucarero AZCUBA, the cost of cultural services (for the wide base was 11.43% less because the field closes earlier and comprehensive cleaning tasks decrease).

Results and Discussion

Experiment 1.

The analyzes of variances of Experiment 1 showed significant differences for the stem length, the number of stems linear m-1 and the t cane ha-1, in all cases the reproduction by vitroplants was superior to the reproduction by cuttings. Digonzelli et al., (2009), in sugarcane seed studies developed in Argentina, obtained positive increases in stem length, number of stems and cane production, when they used vitroplants as planting material, compared to with reproduction by cuttings.

                                                                                    Table 1. Results of the analysis of variance for stem length.

 

                                                                                                            Figure 1. Comparison between treatments

F. VariationDFS. squqresM. squqresSig.
Treatments10,030,03ns
Mistake40,020,004 
X ± ES 2,72± 0,04  

                                                                             Table 2. Results of the analysis of variance for stem diameter

F. VariationDFS. squqresM. squqresSig.
Treatments129,9329,93**
Mistake41,870,47 
X ± ES 14,03± 0,39  

                                                                         Table 3. Results of the analysis of variance for the number of stems m-1

                                                                                                  Figure 2. Comparison between treatments

F. VariationDFS. squqresM. squqresSig.
Treatments11932,141932,14**
Mistake4163,9240,98 
X ± ES 119,28± 3,70  

                                                                             Table 4. Results of the analysis of variance for t cane ha-1 (TCH)

                                                                                                     Figure 3. Comparison between treatments

Experiment 2.

In this study, only the variables number of stems linear m-1 and cane production showed significant differences, also in favor of vitroplants, which confirmed what was reported in the previous test. Jorge et al., (2020) pointed out, the number of stems and the t cane ha-1 of the plants from vitroplants was higher than those of the cuttings..

                                                                                      Table 5. Results of the analysis of variance for stem length

F. VariationDFS. squqresM. squqres Sig.
Treatments137,537,5 ns
Mistake4250,062,5  
X ± ES 237,5± 4,56   

                                                                            Table 6. Results of the analysis of variance for stem diameter

F. VariationDFS. squqresM. squqres Sig.
Treatments136,5136,51 **
Mistake45,231,31  
X ± ES 18,87± 0,66   

                                                                       Table 7. Results of the analysis of variance for number of stems m-1

                                                                                               Figure 4. Comparison between treatments

F. VariationDFS. squqresM. squqres Sig.
Treatments11082,731082,73 *
Mistake4297,0274,26  
X ± ES 143,66 ± 0,66   

                                                              Table 8. Results of the analysis of variance for t cane ha-1 (TCH)

                                                                                                          Figure 5. Comparison between treatments

Comparison Between Plantation Technologies with Similar Form of Reproduction in the Variable t cane ha-1

The results of this comparison both in propagation by cuttings and by vitroplants expressed significant differences between the treatments (Tables 9 and 10). The broad-based planting method in both cases outperformed the traditional one. Labrada et al., (2018) in commercial areas stated that agricultural performance, in all cycles and strains evaluated, showed that broad-based technology significantly exceeded traditional technology (1.60) during the 2017-2018 harvest and An increase of 34.4% increase in agricultural production was achieved.

Jorge and Suárez (2020) in categorized seed areas reflected that the variables number of stems and t cane ha-1 achieved significant increases when the wide-based planting system was used in the plant cane and shoot strains.

F. VariationDFS. squqresM. squqres Sig.
Treatments11251,951251,95 *
Mistake4188,4647,11  
X ± ES 115,78 ± 3,96   

                                          Table 9. Results of the analysis of variance for t cane ha-1 (TCH). Planting by cuttings

                                                                                                        Figure 6. Comparison between treatments

F. VariationDFS. squqresM. squqres Sig.
Treatments1592,03592,03 *
Mistake4272,4868,12  
X ± ES 147,16 ± 4,77   

                                                        Table 10. Results of the analysis of variance for t cane ha-1 (TCH). Planting by wide base

                                                                                                               Figure 7. Comparison between treatments

Table 11 showed that Wide Base planting technology had a positive effect on the benefit/cost ratio.

                                                                     

                                                                                          Table 11: Economic valuation. Traditional planting technology

Relationship between the component variables of agricultural yield with cane production.

Figures 7, 8 and 9 expressed that for the conditions of these studies, as the number of stems increased, cane production increased, reaching a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 89%, while the stem length variables and stem diameter, its best fit was with a third order relationship and in both cases the R2 was low, however the height achieved more than 46% and the diameter less than 14%. These results confirmed those expressed by Mariotti (1977) and Jorge et al., (1989), who indicated that the number of stems and stem length are the variables that have the greatest influence on agricultural yield (t cane ha-1).

 

                                                                   Figure 7. Relationship between the numbers of stems m-1 and the t cane ha-1

                                                                             Figure 8. Relationship between stem length and t cane ha-1

                                                                                             Figure 9: Relationship between stem diameter and t cane ha-1

Conclusions

 

  1. Significant increases were achieved in both studies in the variables stem number m-1 and t cane ha-1 in favor of propagation by vitroplants, which are important components in seed production.
  2. The wide-based planting technology surpassed the traditional one (1.50 m) in the production of stems and agricultural yield in the two agamic propagation methods, so it is advisable to increase the areas of categorized seed of cane. sugar with it.
  3. The Benefit/Cost ratio expressed positive results (1.32) in the wide-based planting technology when planted with cuttings

The variable number of stems m-1 linear had a positive and significant relationship with agricultural yield, which confirms it as the component that exerts the greatest influence on sugarcane production.

References

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Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

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Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

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Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

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Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

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Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner