AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/073
Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Citation: Hadi Ghazalbash, (2022) Efficacy of Group Reality Therapy versus Desipramine Pharmacotherapy in Drug Craving and Relapse of Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients in Yazd. J Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research. 5(4), DOI: 10.31579/2693-7247/073
Copyright: @ 2022 Hadi Ghazalbash, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 28 February 2022 | Accepted: 10 March 2022 | Published: 01 April 2022
Keywords: Craving; desipramine; methadone; methamphetamine; patients; reality therapy
Introduction: In this comparative study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group reality therapy versus desipramine pharmacotherapy in reducing the craving and relapse of methamphetamine-dependent patients.
Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental research was conducted using a control group and two experimental groups of reality therapy and desipramine pharmacotherapy. The statistical population of this study included all methamphetamine-dependent patients under methadone treatment who referred to the health clinics of Yazd city, Iran. We selected 30 patients using convenience sampling and then categorized them randomly into three groups of reality therapy, desipramine pharmacotherapy, and control. In the pre-test stage, the risk questionnaire was administered to evaluate the stimulants. The first experimental group attended 10 sessions of reality therapy once a weak and were evaluated immediately after the treatment. The data were analyzed using the covariance analysis.
Results: The findings showed no significant difference between the total mean score of the reality therapy and desipramine pharmacotherapy groups (F= 3.289, P= 0.087). Hence, these two interventions had no effect on attenuating craving to use the drugs. To check the homogeneity presumptions of covariance matrix and variances of the two groups, the Box (6.241) and Levine (0.250) tests were applied, respectively. The results about experimental groups (Reality therapy and Desipramine group) in comparison with control group were meaningful.
Conclusion: No significant difference was observed between the reality therapy and desipramine pharmacotherapy groups in reducing craving to use the drugs. The scope of changes showed that craving for drug consumption reduced in reality therapy (51.0) and desipramine pharmacotherapy (36.0) groups.
with a global scope and burden. It has exceeded the medical boundaries and changed to a psychological, social, and family problem and challenge. The main characteristic of addictive behaviors is their relapsing nature and tendency. Since drug addiction is a recurrent chronic disorder, relapse or return to the pre-treatment conditions is one of the most important challenges throughout the heraputic process of addiction [1]. The results of related studies showed that in the first year of treatment, more than 50 % of the patients had relapse [2]. The findings indicated that three to six months after treatment, 75% of the patients developed relapse [3]. Some factors leading to relapse include cognitive and situational factors, self-efficacy, severity of stressors, and intense craving for consumption. Relapse phenomenon imposes large economic costs on the therapeutic system and can lead to frustration and disappointment in patients and their families towards treatment. So, appropriate interventions are required to reduce the relapse rate [4].
According to Wiliam study, the director of National Institution Drug Abuse in the United States, over 25% of mortalities in the American society are premature and drug-induced. Unfortunately, despite the great efforts of the scientific community, no appropriate treatment has been determined for this problem [3].
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), drug addiction is defined as the dependence syndrome. It is defined as a cluster of physiological, behavioral, and cognitive phenomena in which the use of a substance or a class of materials takes priority over the previously important behaviors. The belief that negative and undesirable emotions are unbearable and cannot be managed without reliance on materials leads the consumers to relapse and re-use of materials [6].
Craving is one of the most influential and popular topics in addictive disorders. Craving for drug use covers a wide range of phenomena, including the patients' expectation regarding the reinforcing effects of drugs and their intensive tendency for using them. This may be one of the most comprehensive and concise definitions of drug craving. Basically , craving is an uncontrollable desire for the consumption of substance, which leads to complicated psychological and physical suffering, such as weakness, indigestion, anxiety, insomnia, aggression, and depression if not controlled. In order to avoid or confrontation with temptation, most of the new psychosocial therapies recommend motivation enhancement methods as well as learning and practicing new strategies [7]. Nowaday, addiction to cocaine and heroin has shifted to other drugs and made the problem of drug addiction much harder to solve. In recent years, the simultaneous use of several substances has increased dramatically. According to the statistics, about 161-588 tons of stimulants group (amphetamine, methamphetamine, known as Glass in Iran, methaccatinone, and related substances) were produced in Iran in 2008 [8].
Currently, the dramatic use of methamphetamine has caused widespread domestic and global problems. In 2015, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) reported that approximately 897,000 12-year-old people were the consumers of methamphetamine, which showed a remarkable increase (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2017). According to the United Nations' Counter Narcotics Report in 2017, more than 37 millions methamphetamine users existed with an annual prevalence of 77 % [9].
On the other hand, the production of artificial and laboratory high-risk materials have compounded the problems of drug-related interventions. Amphetamines and methamphetamine have a similar pharmacodynamic in human body [10]. Methyl amphetamine, known as a Glass, Crystal, and Ice in the black market, is a psychoactive substance and a highly potent addictive stimulant with a significant effect on the central nervous system. Methamphetamine has shiny transparent crystals in the form of powder [11]. Repeated use of these drugs leads to the stimulation of compromise mechanisms, short-term changes, and constant effects on the function of neurons and opioid receptor sensitive neurons. Consumers of such drugs are vulnerable and develop relapse because these substances create tolerance, dependence, and susceptibility, which are the compromise mechanisms and persist even years after the abandonment [12]. Endocrine disorders related hypothalamus-pituitary gonadal axis and spermatogenesis abnormalities are other complications of it [13].
In Iran, Glass consumption was very limited in 2007 and no cases of Glass use was reported in the quick survey of substance abuse in 2004; however, we can expect that a very small number of consumers existed. The same study was repeated in 2007 and the results showed existence of 3.5 % Glass consumers [14].
Reselliance in people with methamphetamine abuse involves their field of attention and leads to severe rumination in them [16]. A study indicated that consumption of methamphetamine elevate the level of oxidative stress in the kidney tissues and prescription of cysteine decrease it [17].
Experts in the field of social and behavioral studies referred to Glass as the tsunami of the century. They also added that ease of availability of drugs increased the number of consumers (18). According to the above mentioned information and lack of specific medical treatments considering this substance, the importance of psychotherapy and the role of psychotherapists are highlighted in this area. At present, Matrix psychological therapy is a known treatment for methamphetamine dependence. This treatment is specifically designed for patients with substance abuse and is a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) approach that includes 48 sessions (19). A study showed that patients felt fatigue and dissatisfaction with the long duration of Matrix treatment method sessions (20). It is worth noting that outpatient treatment may be effective in dependence on other drugs, but regarding the treatment of methamphetamine abuse, residential rehabilitation is advised despite the lack of clear indicators for admission and detoxification conditions. These conditions include the presence of secondary disorders, addiction to poly substances that is consumption of other substances in methamphetamine use, and existence of serious social problems so that the patient does not show resistance to drug dependence in the outpatient treatment [21]. However, despite some limited effects on consumers, no definitive and special treatments were reported in the literature regarding the methamphetamine abuse.
William Glasser believed that the people must face the reality and the foundation of reality is based on the principle that human beings always choose their own behaviors. In other words, all the committed behaviors were selected to reduce the level of failure or to satisfy a particular need. Therefore, the purpose of reality approach is helping people to monitor their behaviors and to have good and appropriate choices in their lives [22]. According to this theory, humans have intrinsic motivation to fulfill their needs for love and sympathy, power, freedom, survival, health, and recreation. Studies showed that reality therapy reduced the anxiety and increased their responsibility and self-esteem. It also helped individuals to control temptation and created positive control feelings as well as satisfaction with life [23].
Considering the above mentioned issues, the fact that pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have not been successful in preventing relapse, and the benefits of reality therapy, we conducted this study. The aim of this research was to compare the outcomes of reality therapy method, as a relatively new treatment with the effects of desipramine intake, as an effective treatment for drugs such as cocaine in some studies.
This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design using a control and two experimental groups. The statistical population consisted of all the methamphetamine-addicted patients, who were under treatment with methadone in clinics of Yazd city , Iran. To hit this target, 30 individuals were selected using random sampling method and assigned into groups of reality therapy (n =10), pharmacotherapy with desipramine (n=10), and control group (n=10) randomly. The pre-test was conducted before the intervention and the first experimental group was trained with the real therapy method. The second experimental group received desipramine and the control group did not undergo any treatments. In order to analyze the data, multivariate and one-way covariance analysis were applied. In order to collect the data, we used the Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale (SRRS) designed by Ogai et al. in 2007. The tool measures the relapse and temptation of patients regarding consumption of drugs and includes 35 items, which should be answered on a three-point likert scale containing agree, no idea, and disagree choices. The Cronbach's alpha was calculated as 0.69 in a study conducted over 35 participants [24]. The content of group reality therapy sessions was designed as the following.
The first session established for greating and communication of participants with each other and their introduction to the course. Participants were welcomed and asked to introduce themselves. Later, we tried to raise their motivation for the treatment and explained about the structure of sessions, rules, and regulations during the group reality therapy sessions. The second session was initially devoted to the development of communication skills between the counselor and the group members. In the second part , we defined the concepts such as identity, identity of success, and nature of failure. The third session continued with some explanations about the concept of anxiety and mental illness from the perspective of reality therapy. In the fourth session, the overall goals of the treatment sessions were explained. Furthermore, the short-term and long-term objectives as well as the methods to reach them during the life were discussed. The fifth session included three subcategories: 1) An explanation on the concept of choice and responsibility in life; 2) Emphasis and concentration on thecommon behavior of patients; 3) Acceptance of responsibility for choices and behaviors. In the sixth session, we concentrated on the motivation of individuals to achieve the identity of success in life and helped them to develop their motivations according to their intrinsic talents and available facilities. The seventh session included three subcategories: 1) selection of criteria for appropriate behaviors to achieve the identity of success; 2) value judgments about the current behaviors of the individuals and selection of the best behaviors in line with their goals; 3) acceptance of responsibility regarding the consequences of their behavioral choices in the future. In the eighth session, we dealt with three sub-categories of 1) helping patients to plan for their future and to achieve their goals; 2) setting the goals from the most minor up to the most major ones; 3) taking written commitments from the consultant and clients to carry out the appointed plans. The ninth session consisted of three subcategories: 1) follow up the settled plans and reconduct the value judgment in the case of a failure; 2) follow up on taking the responsibility; 3) follow up on the achievements regarding the appointed goals at the start of the course. In the tenth sessions, we assessed and evaluated the success of treatment by measuring the changes in patients' attitudes, practices, and feelings throughout the course.
Temptation for consumption. On the other hand, the significance level, Eta square, In Table 1, the mean and standard deviation of the participants' scores are presented. Box test was used to check the equality of covariance matrices and the results showed that the homogeneity assumption of covariance matrix was confirmed (box coefficient = 6.241). To test the equality of variances of the two studied groups, Levine test was used. The results indicated that the variance of the three groups (the experimental groups of reality therapy and pharmacological therapy and the control group) did not differ significantly (consumption temptation = 0.254). In order to compare the effectiveness of the reality and desipramine treatment methods on the temptation and relapse of methamphetamine patients, we used the covariance analysis.
As Table 2 shows, the difference between the total mean score of the reality therapy group and the desipramine therapy group was significance (F = 3.289 and P = 0.087). In other words, the reality therapy and desipramine therapy groups did not have a significant difference in reducing the temptation of consumption. The Eta square of 0.16 was explained by the total score variance using the difference between the two methods.
The results of Table 3 indicated that the reality therapy approach was significantly effective on the temptation and relapse of methamphetamine patients. This finding meant that the therapeutic intervention decreased the temptation of drug consumption. In other words, the results showed that by eliminating the effect of pre-test scores, the main effect of reality therapy on post-test was significant regarding the temptation and relapse of methamphetamine patients. Furthermore, the intervention therapy in the experimental group decreased the and test power showed that the intervention was effective and significant in the experimental group; the effectiveness was practically equal to about 51 %. The results of the LSD follow-up test are presented in Table 4.
According to Table 5, desipramine treatment was significantly effective on the temptation and relapse of methamphetamine patients. This finding meant that therapeutic intervention reduced the temptation of consumption in participants. In other words, by eliminating the effects of pre-test scores, the effect of desipramine on the post-test scores of temptation and relapse of methamphetamine patients was significant. The therapeutic intervention in the experimental group decreased the temptation rates. On the other hand, the level of significance, Eta square, and test power showed that therapeutic intervention in the experimental group was significantly effective and its effectiveness was about 36 % practically. The results of the LSD follow-up test are presented in Table 6.
The findings showed that by eliminating the effect of pre-test scores, reality theraphy could be effective regarding the temptation and relapse of patients. Consequently, the reality therapy method was effective and its effectiveness was about 51%. In the second experimental group, the use of medication therapy (desipramine) was effective on the temptation and relapse of patients after eliminating the effect of pre-test scores, too. Based on the results, no significant difference was observed between the reality therapy group and the drug therapy group regarding the reduction of consumption temptation. However, both therapies effectively reduced the temptation and relapse in patients. According to the findings, the pre-test and post-test scores related to the temptation of consumption were significantly different in the reality therapy group. The medication therapy group had a weaker performance in comparison with the reality therapy group; the temptation and relapse scores of the medication therapy group were slightly lower. It is also noteworthy that the effectiveness of treatment with reality therapy method was higher than the pharmacotherapy method with 95 % confidence. Consequently, the results obtained in this study suggested that the reality therapy method was effective on reducing the temptation and relapse of the patients. Therefore, we recommended other researchers and therapists of addiction centers to implement the group reality therapy to reduce the drug consumption of patients. By application of this method, we can reduce the risk of relapse and temptation among the users of methamphetamine. However, we can also benefit from prescription of desipramine and its effects.
Hokmabadi et al conducted a study on 40 patients of the Treatment-Focused Community Center in Mashhad city, Iran. They concluded that the group reality therapy based on the choice theory increased hope in drug-dependent people significantly. They concluded that addicts patients should receive love, attention, acceptance, and needed to learn the life skills, responsibility (26). In this regard, a negative attitude is created in the patients considering the use of substances. Consequently, they change their vision, mood, and attitude towards life. In psychopathology view, William Glaser indicated that the patients' behaviors were not unhealthy or defective. He mention that such people act base on their own abilities and viewpoints. In other words, addicts need to turn their potential talents into perfection and self-fulfillment (21). Noroozi Madah et al., studied 20 smokers who referred to Negin Health Clinic in Mashhad, Iran. They reported that group-based reality therapy reduced the participants' positive attitudes towards smoking, empowered their source of internal control, and helped them to use coping strategies (27). Furthermore, Vafayi et al. investigated 30 under-treatment addicted patients in Mashhad city and showed that the enrichment training and improving life programs conducted on the basis of reality therapy method improved the addiction indicators. These training interventions increased happiness and negative control feelings, decreased drug intake, temptation, and relapse in patients [28]. Zandkarimi et al., studied 60 healthy participants and methamphetamine users. Their results indicated that the metacognitive dysfunction was the driving force for using the methamphetamine. In other words, the low levels of cognitive-emotional control led the patients to abuse drugs [29].
On the other hand, Alison oliveto et al., investigated 21 drug addicts over a 12-week period and indicated that the inhibitory effect of desipramine on cocaine was higher than other drugs, such as Buprenorphine, Amantadine, etc. [30]. A study by Caminer in Bradley Hospital, Brown University in the United States showed that desipramine was a potentially effective drug in the onset of cocaine-dependent addiction in adolescents [31]. Moreover, Lyengar et al., carried out a study in the Indianapolis city of the United States. They found that specific noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, such as desipramine, might have analgesic effects [32]. Vollbrecht et al.,) studied 70-90 days old mice in a In vitro at Michigan university and found that cocaine increased epinephrine in mice susceptible to obesity. In addition, they blocked the epinephrine pathway by injecting desipramine and reported that epinephrine plasma level was reduced in mice. Therefore, they concluded that treatment with desipramine reduced the physical activity and food intake in mice susceptible to obesity [33]. In a study by Docherty on rats, both cocaine and desipramine enhanced the contractile responses to nerve stimulation, but desipramine inhibited this response with higher concentrations. Furthermore, the strength of prazosin increased against norepinephrine in the presence of rare cocaine block. However, desipramine increased the strength of prazosin, because it acted as an adrenoceptor antagonist within the concentration range that blocked it [34].
Generalization of research results according to the type of substance used, age of onset, duration of use, gender and type of associated disorder should be considered.
Due to possible problems such as falling in treatment or not continuing treatment, further research in this field is recommended.
Group reality therapy methods can be of particular importance in resolving this crisis. We found that this type of intervention was effective in reducing the rate of relapse and willingness to re-use in patients. Therefore, we suggest the researchers to train the addicts as well as their family members using this method. Furthermore, psychologists and counselors are recommended to rely on group reality therapy in preventing relapses among the patients. In addition, the analgesic effects of desipramine may be used to reduce the relapse and temptation in patients.
Study concept and design: HGH and GH.D; Acquisition of data: H.GH; Analysis and interpretation of data: H.GH, GH.D; Drafting of the manuscript: H.GH, R.B; Administrative, technical, and material support: RB; Study supervision: RB, GHD..Manuscript revision : RB.Submission of manuscript : HGH.
No conflict of interest has been expressed by the authors.
Authors present their gratitude towards the participants and authorities who cooperated in this research.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
