Effects of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Erythrocyte Mobility: A Novel Nanotechnology-Based Approach in Intensive Care and Transfusion Medicine

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/248

Effects of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Erythrocyte Mobility: A Novel Nanotechnology-Based Approach in Intensive Care and Transfusion Medicine

  • Belousov AN 1,2*
  • Belousova EYu 1

1 Laboratory of Applied Nanotechnology of Belousov.

2 Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine.

*Corresponding Author: Belousov AN, Laboratory of Applied Nanotechnology of Belousov. Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine.

Citation: Belousov AN, Belousova EYu, (2026), Effects of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Erythrocyte Mobility: A Novel Nanotechnology-Based Approach in Intensive Care and Transfusion Medicine, J. Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews, 12(2); DOI:10.31579/2692-9406/248.

Copyright: © 2026, Belousov AN. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 17 March 2026 | Accepted: 24 March 2026 | Published: 31 March 2026

Keywords: erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility; magnetite nanoparticles (MCS-B); nanomedicine; toxemia; regenerative medicine

Abstract

A decrease in erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility serves as an important diagnostic marker of pathological conditions associated with impaired gas exchange, microcirculation, and tissue trophism, often leading to systemic hypoxia and deterioration of the patient's clinical status. This study investigates the potential of magnetite nanoparticles (MCS-B) to modulate these properties in a targeted and controlled manner. A novel approach is proposed to enhance erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility in patients with toxemia through treatment with magnetite nanoparticles. In vitro experiments demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase - nearly threefold - in erythrocyte mobility following exposure to MCS-B, compared to untreated controls. The optimal efficacy was observed at a blood-to-nanoparticle ratio of 2:1. Furthermore, application of a constant magnetic field with an intensity of 200–250 kA/m for 2-3 minutes resulted in effective removal of residual nanoparticles from blood samples (p < 0.001). The results highlight the biocompatibility and clinical potential of this nanomedical approach, which may serve as a basis for new therapeutic strategies in transfusion medicine, critical care, and regenerative therapy. The study addresses a pressing interdisciplinary challenge, bridging hematology, biophysics, and nanotechnology, with implications for both basic science and clinical implementation.

Introduction

The electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes (EPM) is a significant biophysical parameter reflecting the state of cellular membranes and their surface charge. This indicator provides important information about the functional condition of erythrocytes across a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological states. As a parameter associated with the surface charge of cell membranes, EPM is highly sensitive to alterations in membrane composition and structural integrity. Modifications in EPM have been documented in response to oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, oncological diseases, and aging-related processes. 

Due to its sensitivity and non-invasiveness, the analysis of erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility (EPM) represents a promising supplementary approach both in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. For example, the assessment of EPM may facilitate the early detection of membrane disturbances in systemic pathologies, as well as the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and the prediction of disease progression.

These capabilities are directly linked to the biophysical and biochemical properties of the erythrocyte membrane, as well as to internal and external environmental factors that determine their electrophoretic mobility:

1. Properties of the Erythrocyte Membrane.

  • Surface charge and sialic acids. Sialic acids contribute to the negative charge of the membrane; their loss leads to a decrease in erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility (EPM) [1,2].
  • Phospholipid and protein composition. Alterations in the lipid-protein composition (e.g., during inflammation or diabetes) modify the electrophysiological characteristics of the membrane [3].
  • Membrane fluidity and viscosity. These parameters depend on the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio. Increased membrane rigidity reduces EPM [4].

2. Biochemical and metabolic factors.

  • Oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation and membrane protein damage reduce erythrocyte mobility [5-7].
  • pH of the medium. In acidosis, membrane proteins become protonated, leading to a reduction in their negative charge and, consequently, a decrease in EPM [8,9].

3. Physiological and pathological conditions.

  • Erythrocyte aging. The aging of erythrocytes is accompanied by a decrease in sialic acid content and reduced electrophoretic mobility [10].
  • Inflammation. Acute-phase proteins (e.g., fibrinogen, CRP) adsorb onto the membrane, altering its surface charge [11].
  • Anemia, oncological, and autoimmune diseases. These conditions may reduce EPM through structural and biochemical alterations of the membrane [12-14].

4. External factors.

  • Pharmacological agents. Certain drugs affect membrane stability and charge [15,16].
  • Colloid solutions and procedures (e.g., plasmapheresis) may temporarily alter plasma viscosity and conductivity [16].
    • immune system stimulation,

5. Aging and age-related changes. 

With advancing age, erythrocyte membrane composition and structure are disrupted, including a reduction in sialic acid content, leading to a decreased negative surface charge and diminished EPM [17]. This parameter may be used to assess biological age and predict age-associated pathologies.

Key factors influencing erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility are illustrated in Figure 1.

                                                                   Figure 1: The main factors determining the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes.


As shown in Figure 1, alterations in erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility may have significant pathophysiological consequences and be associated with the development of clinically relevant disorders. Electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes (EPM) is an important indicator reflecting the functional state of the cell membrane and significantly influences microcirculation and tissue gas exchange. Several key factors affect this parameter:

1. Cell Shape and Membrane Integrity.

Under physiological conditions, erythrocytes exhibit a biconcave disc shape that optimizes their hydrodynamic properties, flexibility, and gas exchange efficiency. Alterations in erythrocyte morphology (e.g., in sickle cell anemia) reduce mobility, impairing passage through narrow capillaries. This leads to microvascular occlusion and disrupted oxygen delivery to tissues.

2. Defects in Membrane Proteins.

Mutations or aberrant expression of membrane proteins (as seen in hereditary spherocytosis) compromise erythrocyte elasticity and deformability, accelerate splenic sequestration, and shorten red blood cell lifespan. These structural abnormalities decrease EPM and contribute to hemolytic anemia and chronic tissue hypoxia.

Impaired electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes negatively affects systemic hemodynamics by slowing blood flow, increasing blood viscosity, and elevating the risk of thrombosis and venous stasis. Microcirculatory disturbances are particularly detrimental to organs with high metabolic demands (e.g., the brain and heart), potentially resulting in ischemic injuries such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or other acute events.

Thus, reduced erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility serves not only as a laboratory marker but also as a pathophysiologically significant factor contributing to microcirculatory dysfunction, diminished tissue oxygenation, and the development of hypoxic states of varying severity.

Nanotechnological Modulation of the Biophysical Properties of Erythrocytes: New Horizons.

Recent advances in nanotechnology offer new opportunities for modulating the biophysical properties of blood cells, particularly erythrocytes. Of particular interest is the potential for targeted modulation of EPM by nanoparticles, as this parameter reflects the surface charge, structural integrity, and functional state of cell membranes. An article published in Micro and Nano Systems Letters investigates the effects of pure (ligand-free) magnetite nanoparticles embedded in a sodium chloride matrix on hematological parameters, blood gases, electrolytes, and serum iron. The results demonstrate that such nanoparticles can influence these parameters, which is essential for assessing their biocompatibility and potential impact on erythrocytes [18].

A study published in the Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology explores the interaction between erythrocytes and magnetite nanoparticles. The findings indicate that erythrocytes are capable of internalizing magnetite nanoparticles, which may alter their physicochemical properties and functionality [19]. An article in Toxicology Research examines the hematotoxicity of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated magnetite nanoparticles under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results reveal that such nanoparticles can exert toxic effects on erythrocytes, which is a critical consideration in the development of nanomaterials for medical applications [20].

Thus, biocompatible nanoparticles - particularly those based on magnetite - are capable of interacting with erythrocyte membranes, modifying their electrostatic and rheological properties. Controlled modulation of erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility by nanoparticles offers the potential to correct hemorheological disorders and optimize microcirculatory function, thereby opening new avenues for nanomedical therapy and treatment monitoring.

The results of the present study highlight the importance of a thorough understanding of the interactions between magnetite nanoparticles and erythrocytes, especially in the context of their application in advanced medical technologies. In this regard, investigating the impact of magnetite nanoparticles on EPM represents a timely and promising direction in the fields of biophysics and nanomedicine.

To date, numerous types of magnetic nanoparticles have been synthesized and are actively employed in clinical practice - for applications ranging from magnetic resonance imaging and targeted drug delivery to magnetic hyperthermia. However, despite their therapeutic potential, these nanoparticles may exert not only modulatory but, in certain cases, cytotoxic effects on blood cells.

Biocompatible magnetite-based nanoparticles were developed in 1995 in Ukraine by Professor Andrey Nikolaevych Belousov, Doctor of Medical Sciences. These formulations - marketed under the proprietary names Micromage-B, MCS-B, and ICNB - represent the first nanotechnology-based medicinal products in the world to be officially registered and approved for clinical use by a national health authority (Ministry of Health of Ukraine, registration granted in 1998).

These nanoscale agents are not cytostatic in nature. Instead, their mechanism of action involves modulation and activation of endogenous physiological processes, including but not limited to:

  • enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms,
  • activation of phagocytosis,
  • facilitation of endogenous detoxification pathways.

The aforementioned nanopreparations have demonstrated clinical safety and efficacy as adjunctive therapies in the management of:

  • -neurodegenerative diseases,
  • -autoimmune disorders,
  • -toxic and post-toxic syndromes,
  • -malignant tumors.

The invention provides a novel class of magnetically responsive, biologically active nanomaterials with a unique profile of non-cytotoxic systemic modulation, opening new pathways for nanomedical interventions in complex and multifactorial pathologies.

Their mechanism of action is based on controlled sorption of toxins and stabilization of cellular membranes at the nanostructural level [21-23]. Due to their non-toxic nature, these agents are suitable for long-term use in the management of chronic diseases. Their therapeutic activity is not dependent on the genetic profile of the target cell, allowing for broad applicability across diverse pathological conditions [24-27].

Each magnetite nanoparticle represents a subdomain elementary magnet with a size ranging from 6 to 12 nm. When exposed to a constant magnetic field of 300–400 kA/m, not only is the mechanism of selective sorption via magnetophoresis [24] activated, but there is also modulation of cellular metabolic activity and resolution of the "sludge syndrome" phenomenon [26,28]. Collectively, these effects contribute to the activation of sanogenetic mechanisms, induction of hemocorrection, and non-specific stimulation of the body’s natural detoxification processes [21].

These findings emphasize the scientific relevance of further investigation into the effects of magnetite nanoparticles on the bioelectrical properties of blood cell membranes in patients with clinical manifestations of toxemia. In this context, particular attention is given to the assessment of erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility as a sensitive biophysical marker of membrane alterations. The aim of the present study is to develop an innovative nanomedical platform based on biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles capable of restoring erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility (EPM) under conditions of toxemia and hypoxia.

Materials and Methods

Study Material: Erythrocytes obtained from the blood of practically healthy individuals and patients presenting with clinical signs of toxemia. The condition of erythrocytes was assessed in a total of 30 individuals. All participants were conditionally divided into two groups:

Group I (Donors): 10 practically healthy volunteers (Table 1);

Group II (Main group): 20 patients with clinical manifestations of toxemia who were admitted to the intensive care unit (Table 2).

Number of Donors (volunteers among practically healthy individuals)Age (years), sex, number of individuals
35-4545-55
MFMF
104132

                                                                                                              Table 1: Distribution of donors by age and sex.

Diagnosis

35–45 

M

35–45

F

45–55

M

45–55

F

Total (n/%)
Acute gangrenous cholecystitis in gallstone disease22228/40%
Chronic hepatitis235/25%
Liver cirrhosis (stage I–II)22/10%
Acute purulent pancreonecrosis with peritonitis415/25%
Total828220/100%

                                                                                 Table 2: Distribution of patients in the main group by age, sex, and diagnosis.

Physicochemical Parameters of Magnetite Nanoparticles (Magnetically Controlled Sorbent “MCS-B” Brand).

The magnetically controlled sorbent (MCS-B brand) consists of stabilized magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles ranging in size from 6 to 12 nm. The main physicochemical properties of MCS-B are summarized below, as well as in Tables 3-6 and Figures 2 and 3:

  • •Total surface area of the magnetite nanoparticles: Sa = 800–1000 m²/g
  • •Saturation magnetization: Is = 2.15 kA/m
  • •Volume concentration: q = 0.00448
  • •Viscosity: η = 1.0112 cSt
  • •Zeta potential: ζ = –19 mV

The small size of the magnetite nanoparticles provides a relatively large specific sorption surface area (Sa = 800-1200 m²/g). Physicochemical characteristics such as volume concentration (q = 0.00448) and viscosity (η = 1.0112 cSt) allow for rapid and uniform distribution of MCS-B throughout the volume of the blood plasma sample. The saturation magnetization (Is = 2.15 kA/m) not only ensures high polarization capacity of MCS-B but also facilitates its rapid and efficient removal from blood plasma using a low-intensity external constant magnetic field [21].

Phase namea (Ǻ)b (Ǻ)c (Ǻ)alpha (degree)beta (degree)gamma (degree)
magnetite low8.3878368.3878368.38783690.0090.0090.00
magnetite low, syn5.9306875.93068714.70591290.0090.00120.00
Johannsenite9.8916809.0592765.28290890.00105.5490.00

                                                                                                  Table 3: The calculated lattice parameters of the phases.

CompoundWeight%StdErrElWeight%/ O2StdErrElWeight%StdErr

Fe3O4

CaO  

P2O5

MnO  

SiO2

SO3

Cl

97.37

2.26

0.280

0.255

0.098

0.032

0.0280

0.09

0.07

0.027

0.013

0.027

0.013

0.0090

Fe  

Ca  

Px  

Mn  

Si  

Sx

Cl

68.40

1.71

0.122

0.198

0.046

0.0126

0.0280

0.07

0.05

0.012

0.010

0.013

0.0051

0.0090

Fe 

Ca

 Px 

Mn 

Si 

Sx 

Cl

97.62

2.3

0.157

0.278

0.059

0.0164

0.0380

0.09

0.07

0.015

0.014

0.016

0.0066

0.012

                        Table 4: Determination of percent composition of the ICNB by Х-ray spectrometer ARL OPTIM'X (semi- quantitative analysis).

PhaseFormulaSpace group№ Card Database ICDD
magnetite lowFe2.886 O4227: Fd-3m, choice-210861339 (ICDD)
magnetite low, synFe3O4166: R-3m, hexagonal10716766 (ICDD)
JohannseniteCa Mn +2 Si2O615: C12/c1, unique-b, cell-1380413 (ICDD)

             Table 5: X-ray analysis of ICNB in X-ray diffractometer Rigaku Ultima IV (CuKα, Kβ filter - Ni), one-coordinate DTeX semiconductor detector.

                                       Figure 2: Study of magnetite nanoparticles with use microscope ion-electronic raster-type Quanta 200 3D.

                                                   Figure 3: Study of magnetite nanoparticles with use microscope electronic translucent JEM-2100.

Phases (method of corundum numbers)Content, %
magnetite low71
magnetite low, syn (hexagonal)29

                                                                                Table 6: The phases of magnetite of nanoparticles (RIR - method; error 8±3%).

The sorption activity of MCS-B for various substances present in liquid media is presented in Table 7.

SubstanceBiological liquid
Н2ОPlasma of bloodThe blood
Phenol1 mcg0.05 mcg0.05 mcg
Аlbumin AbsentAbsent
Creatinin  AbsentAbsent
UrineAbsentAbsentAbsent
Cholesterol  10 mcg10 mcg
Hormone Т3 AbsentAbsent
Cu1.75 mcg2.5 mcg1 mcg
СаAbsentAbsentAbsent
КAbsentAbsentAbsent
NaAbsentAbsentAbsent
ClAbsentAbsentAbsent
MgAbsentAbsentAbsent
Zn10 mcgAbsent0.75 mcg
NaNO3 (nitrates) 12.5 mcg10 mcgAbsent
Cr2 mcg0.49 mcg0.5 mcg
Pb1.17 mcg0.3 mcg0,19 mcg
Cd0.48 mcg0.68 mcg1.55 mcg
Ig A500 mcmol300 mcmol250 mcmol
Ig M200 mcmol350 mcmol250 mcmol
Ig GAbsent200 mcmol250 mcmol

                                 Table 7: Some data sorption activity of MCS-B * for a various sort of the substances which are taking place in biological liquid.

The note: * - at the rate of 30 mg МСS-B on 1 ml liquids

Method for Investigating Erythrocyte Electrophoretic Mobility and Determining the Optimal Effective Dose of MCS-B.

Electrophoretic mobility was measured using an electrophoresis apparatus according to the methodology described in [29]. The electrical circuit diagram of the electrophoresis setup is shown in Figure 4.

The power source consisted of a rechargeable battery with a voltage of 80-100 V. A Rustrat-type rheostat with a resistance of 4-5 kOhm was used as a potentiometer and connected in series. A voltmeter was connected in parallel to the potentiometer. The current was supplied to the measurement chamber via a commutator that allowed for easy reversal of the current direction. The current was applied to non-polarizable electrodes. As shown in the figure, copper conductors were immersed in containers filled with a saturated solution of CuSO₄. These containers were connected to others containing a 10% KCl solution. The latter were connected to the chamber via agar bridges (siphons). A milliammeter with a measuring range of 50–100 mA was included in the circuit to monitor current intensity. The chamber was placed on the microscope stage, while the non-polarizable electrodes were positioned on a stand on either side of the microscope.

                                                                                         Figure 4: Electrical circuit diagram of the electrophoresis system.

Legend:

  1. battery,
  2. switch,
  3. potentiometer,
  4. voltmeter,
  5. voltmeter activation switch,
  6. milliammeter,
  7. six-pole switch,
  8. chamber,
  9. non-polarizable electrodes.

Procedure and Calculations.

The object of the study was erythrocytes, which were placed into a chamber equipped with non-polarizable electrodes. Cell movement was monitored using a microscope, the eyepiece of which was fitted with a calibrated reticle. The scale calibration of the grid was: 30 divisions = 10 µm. For each blood sample, two in vitro experiments were performed. The first used an untreated blood sample from a patient; the second used the same patient’s blood sample treated with magnetite nanoparticles (MCS-B).

A small volume of blood was diluted in an 8% sucrose solution buffered with McIlvaine's citrate buffer to prevent the solution from conducting electric current. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.4, matching physiological blood pH to avoid hemolysis. For each sample, seven measurements of erythrocyte velocity were taken in opposite directions relative to the electric current in order to eliminate the effect of surface tilt. The mean value was then calculated.

Calculations were performed according to the following formulas:

where:

  • - electrophoretic mobility (cm/sec·V);

S – distance (in cm) traveled by the particle during time t;

t – time (in seconds);

E – potential gradient, i.e., voltage drop per unit length of the conductor;

U – voltage (in V);

r – distance between the ends of the agar siphons (in cm).

The study was conducted in vitro in three stages:

Stage I – electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes from healthy donors;

Stage II – baseline electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes from patients with toxemia syndrome;

Stage III – electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes from patients after treatment with magnetite nanoparticles (MCS-B).

The optimal effective dose of MCS-B was determined based on erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility under different volume ratios of blood to MCS-B (3:1, 2:1, 1:1).

Method for Determining the Minimum Magnetic Field Strength Required for Effective Extraction of MCS-B from Blood.

MCS-B was introduced in vitro into the blood of practically healthy individuals. Using an external constant magnetic field at different field strengths -100-150 kA/m and 200-250 kA/m (measured with a Tesla ammeter F 4354/1; GOST 5.1977-73) - MCS-B was extracted from the blood plasma mixture within 2–3 minutes.

The effectiveness of MCS-B removal from plasma was assessed by determining the concentration of iron (Fe) in plasma in vitro [23] at three time points: before MCS-B administration, after MCS-B administration, and after its extraction using permanent magnets with field strengths of 100-150 kA/m and 200-250 kA/m.

All data in this study are presented in International System of Units (SI). The obtained results were statistically analyzed using the method of variational statistics by comparing means with the student’s t-test.

Research Results and Discussion

Erythrocyte Electrophoretic Mobility and Its Dose-Dependent Response to Magnetite Nanoparticles (MCS-B).

The electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes serves as an indirect indicator of two fundamental physiological parameters:

  1. the bioelectrical charge of the erythrocyte membrane, which reflects the functional state and surface potential of red blood cells;
  2. the rheological properties of blood, particularly the ease with which erythrocytes move through the vascular system under various flow conditions.

Alterations in electrophoretic mobility may therefore signal changes in membrane integrity, surface charge distribution, or systemic hemorheological status - especially under pathological conditions such as toxemia. In this study, we investigated the dose-dependent effect of magnetite nanoparticles on erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility in patients with toxemia. The data, presented in Table 8, illustrate the dynamic response of this parameter following exposure to varying blood-to-MCS ratios. 

Indicator

 

Practically Healthy Individuals

(n=10)

Patients with Toxemia Syndrome (n=20)

 

Primary Data

 

Variants of Blood-to-MCS Ratio
3:12:11:1

Electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes,

10-4cm2/secV

3.5х10-4± 0.2

 

1.26х10-4± 0.2

P<0.01

2.70х10-4± 0.2

P<0.05

P1<0.01

3.76х10-4± 0.2

P>0.05

P1<0.001

P2<0.05

3.8х10-4± 0.2

P>0.05

P1<0.001

P2<0.05

P3>0.05

                        Table 8: Electrophoretic mobility of blood erythrocytes before and after treatment with magnetite nanoparticles (Мm).

Notes:

  1. P – probability of differences compared with practically healthy individuals;
  2. P₁ – probability of differences after treatment with magnetite nanoparticles compared to baseline values;
  3. P₂ – probability of differences compared with the 3:1 blood-to-MCS ratio;
  4. P₃ – probability of differences compared with the 2:1 blood-to-MCS ratio.

All values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t-test; P less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The data presented in Table 8 indicate that, in donors (practically healthy individuals), the erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility (EPM) was 3.5×10⁻⁴ ± 0.2 cm²/V·sec, whereas in patients with toxemia syndrome (main group), the baseline value was 1.26×10⁻⁴ ± 0.2 cm²/V·sec. As a result of blood treatment with magnetite nanoparticles (MCS-B) at a ratio of 3 parts blood to 1-part MCS-B, EPM significantly increased compared to baseline (p less than 0.01), yet remained significantly different from the normal reference values (p less than 0.05). 

At the ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, the EPM decreased even more significantly compared to baseline values (p less than 0.001) and no longer differed from the normal range (p > 0.05). It should also be noted that no statistically significant difference was found between the 1:1 and 2:1 ratio (p > 0.05). Thus, the optimally effective dose of magnetite nanoparticles for improving erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility is the 2:1 ratio (two parts blood to one-part MCS-B). The observed changes provide insight into the potential of magnetite nanoparticles to modulate cell surface charge and improve microcirculatory flow. The electrophoretic mobility indices of erythrocytes (mean ± standard deviation) in healthy individuals and patients with toxemia before and after treatment with magnetite nanoparticles at different ratios of blood and MCS-B are presented in Figure 5.

                                                           Figure 5: Electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes at various stages of the experiment (mean ± standard error).

To visually illustrate the treatment effect, Figure 6 depicts the morphofunctional state of erythrocytes in heparinized blood from a patient with toxemia syndrome, before and after in vitro exposure to MCS-B at a blood-to-sorbent ratio of 2:1.

Figure 6: Morphological changes in erythrocytes in heparinized blood from a patient with toxemia syndrome before and after in vitro treatment with MCS-B at a 2:1 blood-to-MCS ratio.

Figure 6 illustrates pronounced morphological changes in erythrocytes from heparinized blood of a patient with toxemia syndrome before and after in vitro treatment with the nanodrug MCS-B. Following exposure, a resolution of erythrocyte sludging, restoration of the normal discocyte shape, and an increase in the electronegativity of the cell surface were observed. These findings indicate a reestablishment of erythrocyte dispersion and normalization of blood rheological properties. 

From a pathophysiological perspective, such correction of erythrocyte morphology and function contributes to enhanced microcirculation, improved oxygen transport, and a reduction in tissue hypoxia. Furthermore, by restoring blood fluidity and decreasing cellular aggregation, conditions are created for more effective systemic detoxification - a critical therapeutic target in various forms of endogenous intoxication, including sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and severe inflammatory states.

Thus, MCS-B represents a promising agent for pathogenetic therapy in clinical scenarios characterized by impaired hemorheology and compromised oxygen delivery.

Protective mechanisms of MCS-B on erythrocyte membranes under toxemia conditions are attributed to the following factors:

1. Membrane restoration and detoxification.

Magnetite nanoparticles (MCS-B) effectively adsorb circulating toxins, lipid peroxidation products, and reactive oxygen species [30]. This contributes to the stabilization of the erythrocyte membrane lipid bilayer and the restoration of activity of membrane-associated enzymes such as Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase [31]. Restoration of the structural and functional integrity of the membrane is essential for the normal function of glycolytic enzymes that support erythrocyte energy metabolism [32].

2. Reactivation of glycolytic enzymes.

  • By correcting ionic balance, pH, and redox potential, glycolytic enzymes regain activity.
  • Glycolytic flux increases → more ATP and 1,3-BPG are produced.
  • 1,3-BPG is then diverted both to ATP production and to the Rapoport shunt → simultaneous increase in ATP and 2,3-DPG.

3. Restoration of Metabolic Balance.

  • After membrane and redox normalization, erythrocytes can resume adaptive responses to hypoxia or acidosis, increasing 2,3-DPG.
  • At the same time, global glycolytic output ensures that ATP levels are restored to physiological range.
  • This paradox — concurrent increase of both ATP and 2,3-DPG - is possible only after reversal of toxic suppression.

The combined protective mechanisms of MCS-B action on erythrocyte membranes under conditions of toxemia are summarized in Table 9.

ParameterBefore Treatment (Toxemia)After Magnetite Exposure
Membrane potentialDisruptedRestored
Glycolytic activitySuppressedRe-activated
ATPDecreasedIncreased
2,3-DPGDecreased or unstableIncreased
Electrophoretic mobilityImpairedRestored

                      Table 9: Summarizes the integrated protective mechanisms exerted by MCS-B on erythrocyte membranes in the setting of toxemia.

The aforementioned mechanisms are supported by previous studies in patients with toxemia, which reliably demonstrated a significant decrease in ATP and 2,3-DPG levels due to a generalized suppression of anaerobic glycolysis in erythrocytes [33,34]. Treatment of blood with magnetite nanoparticles (MCS-B) promotes the effective removal of circulating toxic substances, protects and restores the structural integrity of erythrocyte membranes, and stimulates the activation of key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway [32,35]. This leads to simultaneous restoration of ATP and 2,3-DPG concentrations, which, despite their inverse correlation under physiological conditions, reflects the recovery of metabolic potential and energy homeostasis in the pathological state of toxemia [36,37]. Improvement in cellular energetic status induces modulation of the bioelectrical charge on the erythrocyte outer membrane, contributing to normalization of their electrophoretic mobility, reduction of aggregation, and enhancement of microcirculation.

Determination of Magnetic Field Intensity Capable of Removing Magnetite Nanoparticles (MCS-B) from Blood.

The plasma iron concentrations in practically healthy individuals in vitro at different stages of the study are presented in Table 10.

Study StagePlasma Fe Level (nmol/L, mean ± SD)p-value
Before MCS-B administration124.3 ± 25.6
After MCS-B administration656.3 ± 31.3< 0.001
After exposure to constant magnetic field (2-3 min):  
• 100-150 kA/m214.3 ± 25.6< 0.05
• 200-250 kA/m127.4 ± 24.1> 0.05

                                     Table 10: Plasma Fe levels in practically healthy individuals in vitro at different stages of the study (n = 10; M ± m).

Note: P – significance level of the difference compared to values before MCS-B administration.

As shown in Table 6, exposure of blood plasma from practically healthy individuals to a constant magnetic field with an intensity of 100–150 kA/m for 2-3 minutes resulted in a statistically significant reduction in plasma iron concentration (p less than 0.05) compared to post-MCS-B administration values. Nevertheless, the iron level remained significantly elevated relative to baseline, suggesting only partial removal of MCS-B from the plasma under these conditions.

Conversely, application of a stronger magnetic field (200-250 kA/m) for the same duration led to a near-complete normalization of plasma iron levels. No statistically significant differences were observed between these post-exposure values and the baseline data (p > 0.05), indicating effective elimination of MCS-B from the plasma.

These findings support the hypothesis that magnetically controlled removal of MCS-B is both intensity-dependent and reversible. Specifically, magnetic fields of 200-250 kA/m are capable of achieving highly significant clearance of MCS-B nanoparticles from plasma within 2–3 minutes (p less than 0.001), confirming the feasibility of external magnetic modulation in regulating the biodistribution of magnetite-based nanomaterials.

Conclusions

  1. A novel method to enhance erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility in patients with toxemia has been proposed for the first time using magnetite nanoparticles (MCS-B).
  2. In vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment of blood from patients with toxemia using magnetite nanoparticles resulted in an almost threefold increase (p less than 0.001) in erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility compared to the control group.
  3. The optimal effective dose of magnetite nanoparticles for maximal enhancement of erythrocyte mobility was established as a 2:1 ratio (two parts blood to one-part MCS-B).
  4. A constant magnetic field of 200-250 kA/m applied for 2-3 minutes enables highly significant (p less than 0.001) removal of magnetite nanoparticles from blood.
  5. The technological innovation of this study lies in the application of controllable nanostructures with defined magnetic and surface properties to modulate the bioelectrical properties of blood cell membranes in a targeted manner.
  6. This approach has no direct analogues in current clinical practice and may serve as the foundation for novel therapeutic strategies in transfusion medicine, intensive care, and regenerative medicine.

References

Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports. My experience with the journal was highly positive. The peer-review process was rigorous, constructive, and completed in a timely manner. The reviewers provided valuable comments that helped improve the quality and clarity of our manuscript. The editorial office was professional, responsive, and supportive throughout all stages of the publication process. Communication was clear and efficient, and any questions were addressed promptly. Overall, I found the journal to maintain high scientific standards and an excellent publication workflow. I would be pleased to consider submitting future work to this journal. Best wishes from, Elena Popa.

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Dr Elena Popa

It was my pleasure to submit my testimonial concerning the Reviewer Board of our Scientific Journal “Brain and Neurological Disorders”. The Reviewers focused on some modifications and their contribution was helpful. The ladies of our Editorial Office were also supported my efforts. It was my honor to have such a co-operation and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

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Dr Nikolaos Andreas Chrysanthakopoulos

Dear Grace Pierce, Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports, Thank you for the speedy and efficient peer review process. I appreciate the fact that your peer reviewers do not take months to respond like with some other journals. I would also like to thank the editorial office for responding quickly to my questions. It is an excellent journal. I plan to submit more manuscripts in the future. Best wishes from, Robert W. McGee

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Robert W McGee

Dear Grace Pierce, Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports, Working with you and your team on our recent publication in JCRR has been a truly wonderful and enjoyable experience. The responses were prompt, and the reviewers were patient, constructive, and highly professional. One reviewer in particular gave me the feeling that a professor was carefully reading and commenting on my coursework, which was deeply touching. The entire process was straightforward and hassle‑free, with no tedious online forms to complete. I highly recommend this journal. Best wishes from, DR Aibing Rao, Head of R&D

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Aibing Rao

I Appreciate the Opportunity to Share my Experience with the Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. The peer review process was timely and constructive, and the feedback provided helped improve the quality of our manuscript. The editorial office was professional, responsive, and supportive throughout the process, ensuring smooth communication and efficient handling of the submission. Overall, it was a positive experience collaborating with your team.

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Kashani Mehdi

Dear Mercy Grace, Editorial Coordinator of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, We would like to express our gratitude for your help at all stages of publishing and editing the article. The editors of the magazine answer all the necessary questions and help at every stage. We will definitely continue to cooperate and publish other works in the Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences! Best wishes from, Alla Konstantinovna Politova,

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Alla Konstantinovna Politova

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, What distinguishes International Journal of Clinical Case Report and Review is not only the scientific rigor of its publications, but the intellectual climate in which research is evaluated. The submission process is refreshingly free of unnecessary formal barriers and bureaucratic rituals that often complicate academic publishing without adding real value. The peer-review system is demanding yet constructive, guided by genuine scientific dialogue rather than hierarchical or authoritarian attitudes. Reviewers act as collaborators in improving the manuscript, not as gatekeepers imposing arbitrary standards. This journal offers a rare balance: high methodological standards combined with a respectful, transparent, and supportive editorial approach. In an era where publishing can feel more burdensome than research itself, this platform restores the original purpose of peer review — to refine ideas, not to obstruct them Prof. Perlat Kapisyzi, FCCP PULMONOLOGIST AND THORACIC IMAGING.

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Perlat Kapisyzi

Dear Reader: We have published several articles in the Auctores Publishing, LLC, journal, Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports in recent years (CMRR). This is an ‘open access’ journal and the following are our observations. From the initial invitation to submit an article, to the final edits of galley proofs, we have found CMRR personnel to be professional, responsive, rapid and thorough. This entire process begins with Catherine Mitchell, Editorial Coordinator. She is simply outstanding, and, I believe, unparalleled in her capacity. I cannot imagine a more responsive and dedicated Editorial Coordinator. As I read the dates and timing of her correspondence with us, it seems that she never sleeps. I hope Auctores Publishing, LLC, appreciates her efforts as much as these authors do. Thank you to Auctores Publishing, LLC, to the Editorial Staff/Board, and to Catherine Mitchell from a grateful author(s).

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Dr Gary Merrill

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of - Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. ''I am pleased to provide this testimonial following the publication of our recent case report in this journal. The peer review process was rigorous, constructive, thorough, and conducted in a timely manner. The reviewers’ comments were thoughtful, detailed, and highly constructive, contributing substantially to the refinement, clarity, and scientific robustness of our manuscript. The process was conducted with professionalism and academic integrity throughout. The support provided by the editorial office was exemplary. Communication was consistently prompt, clear, and courteous at all stages of the submission and publication process. The editorial team demonstrated a high level of organization and responsiveness, ensuring that all queries were addressed efficiently and that the process remained transparent and well-coordinated. The overall quality of the journal is reflected in its strong editorial standards, commitment to scientific excellence, and dedication to publishing clinically meaningful research. It has been a privilege to publish our work in this journal, and we would welcome the opportunity to contribute further in the future.'' Best wishes from, Dr. Efstratios Trogkanis, Cardiologist.

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Dr Efstratios Troganis

Dear Grace Pierce, Editorial Coordinator of the journal IJCCR, I had a very positive experience with Auctores - Journal throughout the publication process. The Editorial Team was highly responsive, professional, and supportive at every stage. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the Editor: Grace Pierce, for her guidance and assistance. The peer-review process was smooth and constructive, helping improve the quality of my work. I would gladly recommend Auctores Journal to fellow researchers and authors. Dr. SABITA SINHA, Medical Oncologist, MD (Electro Homeopathy).

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Dr SABITA SINHA

Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of the journal IJCCR, I write here a little on my experience as an author submitting to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews (IJCCR). This was my first submission to IJCCR and my manuscript was inherently an outsider’s effort. It attempted to broadly identify and then make some sense of life’s under-appreciated mysteries. I initially had responded to a request for possible submissions. I then contacted IJCCR with a tentative topic for a manuscript. They quickly got back with an approval for the submission, but with a particular requirement that it be medically relevant. I then put together a manuscript and submitted it. After the usual back-and-forth over forms and formality, the manuscript was sent off for reviews. Within 2 weeks I got back 4 reviews which were both helpful and also surprising. Surprising in that the topic was somewhat foreign to medical literature. My subsequent updates in response to the reviewer comments went smoothly and in short order I had a series of proofs to evaluate. All in all, the whole publication process seemed outstanding. It was both helpful in terms of the paper’s content and also in terms of its efficient and friendly communications. Thank you all very much. Sincerely, Ted Christopher, Rochester, NY.

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Dr Ted Christopher

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is a high quality journal that has a clear and concise submission process. The peer review process was comprehensive and constructive. Support from the editorial office was excellent, since the administrative staff were responsive. The journal provides a fast and timely publication timeline.

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Joel Yat Seng Wong

Dear Cecilia Lilly, Editorial Coordinator, Endocrinology and Disorders, Thank you so much for your quick response regarding reviewing and all process till publishing our manuscript entitled: Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and its Associated Risk Factors Among Nile College Students, Sudan. Best regards, Dr Mamoun Magzoub.

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Dr Mamoun Magzoub

Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. I am really grateful for the peers review; their feedback gave me the opportunity to reflect on the message and impact of my work and to ameliorate the article. The editors did a great job in addition by encouraging me to continue with the process of publishing.

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Baciulescu Laura

Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews Herewith I confirm an optimal peer review process and a great support of the editorial office of the present journal

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Christoph Maurer

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews’, I appreciate the opportunity to publish my article with your journal. The editorial office provided clear communication during the submission and review process, and I found the overall experience professional and constructive. Best regards, Elena Salvatore.

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Dr Elena Salvatore

Dear Editorial Team, Journal-Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, “Publishing my article with Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions has been a highly positive experience. The peer-review process was rigorous yet supportive, offering valuable feedback that strengthened my work. The editorial team demonstrated exceptional professionalism, prompt communication, and a genuine commitment to maintaining the highest scientific standards. I am very pleased with the publication quality and proud to be associated with such a reputable journal.” Warm regards, Dr. Mahmoud Kamal Moustafa Ahmed

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Mahmoud Kamal Moustafa Ahmed

Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. It was truly a rewarding experience to work with the journal “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. The peer review process was insightful and encouraging, helping us refine our work to a higher standard. The editorial office offered exceptional support with prompt and thoughtful communication. I highly value the journal’s role in promoting scientific advancement and am honored to be part of it. Best regards, Meng-Jou Lee, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital.

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Dr Meng-JouLe

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Thank you for publishing our case report: "Clinical Case of Effective Fetal Stem Cells Treatment in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder" within the "Journal of Clinical Research and Reports" being submitted by the team of EmCell doctors from Kyiv, Ukraine. We much appreciate a professional and transparent peer-review process from Auctores. All research Doctors are so grateful to your Editorial Office and Auctores Publishing support! I amiably wish our article publication maintained a top quality of your International Scientific Journal. My best wishes for a prosperity of the Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Hope our scientific relationship and cooperation will remain long lasting. Thank you very much indeed. Kind regards, Dr. Andriy Sinelnyk Cell Therapy Center EmCell

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Dr Andriy Sinelnyk

I recommend without hesitation submitting relevant papers on medical decision making to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I am very grateful to the editorial staff. Maria Emerson was a pleasure to communicate with. The time from submission to publication was an extremely short 3 weeks. The editorial staff submitted the paper to three reviewers. Two of the reviewers commented positively on the value of publishing the paper. The editorial staff quickly recognized the third reviewer’s comments as an unjust attempt to reject the paper. I revised the paper as recommended by the first two reviewers.

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Edouard Kujawski

Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. “The peer review process was efficient and constructive, and the editorial office provided excellent communication and support throughout. The journal ensures scientific rigor and high editorial standards, while also offering a smooth and timely publication process. We sincerely appreciate the work of the editorial team in facilitating the dissemination of innovative approaches such as the Bonori Method.” Best regards, Dr. Matteo Bonori.

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Dr Matteo Bonori

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, we have deeply appreciated the professionalism demonstrated by the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The reviewers have extensive knowledge of our field and have been very efficient and fast in supporting the process. I am really looking forward to further collaboration. Thanks. Best regards, Dr. Claudio Ligresti

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Dr Claudio Ligresti

Dear Ms. Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. “The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews represented the “ideal house” to share with the research community a first experience with the use of the Simeox device for speech rehabilitation. High scientific reputation and attractive website communication were first determinants for the selection of this Journal, and the following submission process exceeded expectations: fast but highly professional peer review, great support by the editorial office, elegant graphic layout. Exactly what a dynamic research team - also composed by allied professionals - needs!" From, Chiara Beccaluva, PT - Italy.

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Dr Chiara Giuseppina Beccaluva

Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.

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Dr Aline Tollet

Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.

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Dr Ravi Shrivastava

Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora

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Dariusz Ziora

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.

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Dr Jelle Lettinga

Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.

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Dr Walter F Riesen

Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.

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Dr Rakhi Mishra

Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.

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Hala Al Shaikh

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD

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Dr Eric S Nussbaum

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.

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Dr Susan Anne Smith

Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.

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Dr Victor Olagundoye

Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.

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Dr Farahnaz Fallahian

Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.

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Dr Susan Anne Smith

Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.

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Dr Oleg Golyanovski

To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina

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Dr Elvira Farina

My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.

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Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt

We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.

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Dr David Vinyes

Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.

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Dr Anyuta Ivanova

I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.

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Dr Farooq Wandroo

"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".

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Dr Shweta Tiwari

To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.

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Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn

I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Cristina Berriozabal

Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."

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Thomas Urban

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

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Zhao Jia

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

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Luiz Sellmann

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

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Sonila Qirko

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

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Lin-Show Chin

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

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Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

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Khurram Arshad

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

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Rui Tao

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

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George Varvatsoulias

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

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Tania Munoz

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

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S Munshi

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

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Husain Taha Radhi

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

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Dr Tong Ming Liu

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

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Dr Griffith

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

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Douglas Miyazaki

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

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Jesus Simal-Gandara

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

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Baheci Selen

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

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Bruno Chauffert

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

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Dr Suramya Dhamija

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

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Andreas Filippaios

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

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Raed Mualem

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

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Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

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Hao Jiang

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

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Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

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Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

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Pedro Marques Gomes

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

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Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

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Katarzyna Byczkowska

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

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Orlando Villarreal

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

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Sing-yung Wu

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

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Layla Shojaie

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

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Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

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Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

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Delcio G Silva Junior

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

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Virginia E. Koenig