Radionuclide Diagnostics Department, Medical Radiological Research Centre, Russia
*Corresponding Author: Vladimir Zaichick, Radionuclide Diagnostics Department, Medical Radiological Research Centre, Russia
Citation: Vladimir Zaichick. (2022) Distinguish Thyroid Malignant from Benign Alterations using Neutron Activation Analysis of Chemical Element Contents in Nodular Tissue; Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies; 3(5); DOI: 10.31579/2690-8808/123
Received:28 April 2022 | Accepted:10 May 2022 | Published:06 June 2022
Keywords: thyroid; thyroid malignant and benign nodules; chemical elements; neutron activation analysis
Abstract
Thyroid benign (TBN) and malignant (TMN) nodules are a common thyroid lesion. The differentiation of TMN often remains a clinical challenge and further improvements of TMN diagnostic accuracy are warranted. The aim of present study was to evaluate possibilities of using differences in chemical elements (ChEs) contents in nodular tissue for diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. Contents of eight ChEs including bromine (Br), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), iodine (I), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and sodium (Na) were prospectively evaluated in nodular tissue of thyroids with TBN (79 patients) and to TMN (41 patients). Measurements were performed using instrumental neutron activation analysis. It was observed that in TMN tissue the mass fractions of Br and I are approximately 2.9 and 14 times, respectively, lower, while the mass fraction of Ca, K, and Mg are 94%, 56%, and 36%, respectively, higher than in TBN tissue. Contents of Cl, Mn, and Na found in the TBN and TMN groups of nodular tissue samples were similar. Finally, it was proposed to use the I mass fraction and I/Ca, I/K, and I/Mg mass fraction ratios in a needle-biopsy of thyroid nodules as a potential tool to diagnose thyroid malignancy. Further studies on larger number of samples are required to confirm our findings and proposals.
Introduction
Nodules are a common thyroid lesion, particularly in women. Depending on the method of examination and general population, thyroid nodules (TNs) have an incidence of 19–68% [1]. In clinical practice, TNs are classified into benign (TBN) and malignant (TMN), and among all TNs approximately 10% are TMN [2]. It is appropriate mention here that the incidence of TMN is increasing rapidly (about 5
Materials and Methods
All patients suffered from TBN (n=79, mean age M±SD was 44±11 years, range 22-64) and from TMN (n=41, mean age M±SD was 46±15 years, range 16-75) were hospitalized in the Head and Neck Department of the Medical Radiological Research Centre (MRRC), Obninsk. Thick-needle puncture biopsy of suspicious nodules of the thyroid was performed for every patient, to permit morphological study of thyroid tissue at these sites and to estimate their ChEs contents. In all cases the diagnosis has been confirmed by clinical and morphological results obtained during studies of biopsy and resected materials. Histological conclusions for TBN were: 46 colloid goiter, 19 thyroid adenoma, 8 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 6 Riedel’s Struma, whereas for TMN were: 25 papillary adenocarcinomas, 8 follicular adenocarcinomas, 7 solid carcinomas, and 1 reticulosarcoma. Samples of nodular tissue for INAA-SLR were taken from both biopsy and resected materials.
All studies were approved by the Ethical Committees of MRRC. All the procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments, or with comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
All tissue samples obtained from TBN and TMN were divided into two portions using a titanium scalpel to prevent contamination by ChEs of stainless steel [49]. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for ChEs analysis. After the samples for ChEs analysis were weighed, they were freeze-dried and homogenized [50]. The pounded samples weighing about 10 mg (for biopsy) and 100 mg (for resected materials) were used for ChEs measurement by INAA-SLR.
To determine contents of the ChE by comparison with a known standard, biological synthetic standards (BSS) prepared from phenol-formaldehyde resins were used [51]. In addition to BSS, aliquots of commercial, chemically pure compounds were also used as standards. Ten sub-samples of certified reference material (CRM) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) IAEA H-4 (animal muscle) weighing about 100 mg were treated and analyzed in the same conditions as thyroid samples to estimate the precision and accuracy of results.
The content of Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na were determined by INAA-SLR using a horizontal channel equipped with the pneumatic rabbit system of the WWR-c research nuclear reactor (Branch of Karpov Institute, Obninsk). Details of used nuclear reactions, radionuclides, gamma-energies, spectrometric unit, sample preparation, and the quality control of results were presented in our earlier publications concerning the INAA-SLR of ChEs contents in human thyroid [27,28], scalp hair [52], and prostate [53,54].
A dedicated computer program for INAA-SLR mode optimization was used [55]. All thyroid samples for ChEs analysis were prepared in duplicate, and mean values of ChEs contents were used in final calculation. Using Microsoft Office Excel software, a summary of the statistics, including, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, minimum and maximum values, median, percentiles with 0.025 and 0.975 levels was calculated for ChEs contents in two groups of nodular tissue (TBN and TMN). The difference in the results between two groups of samples was evaluated by the parametric Student’s t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test.
Results
Table 1 depicts certain statistical parameters (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, minimal and maximal values, median, percentiles with 0.025 and 0.975 levels) of the Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na mass fraction in thyroid intact tissue samples of two groups of samples - TBN and TMN.
Table 1. Some statistical parameters of Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na mass fraction (mg/kg, dry mass basis) in thyroid benign (TBN) and malignant (TMN) nodules
M – arithmetic mean, SD – standard deviation, SEM – standard error of mean, Min – minimum value, Max – maximum value, P 0.025 – percentile with 0.025 level, P 0.975 – percentile with 0.975 level.
The ratios of means and the comparison of mean values of Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na mass fractions in pair of sample groups such as TBN and TMN is presented in Table 2.
The comparison of our results with published data for Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na mass fraction in TBN [56-65] and TMN [56,59,62,66-70] is shown in Table 3. A number of values for ChEs mass fractions were not expressed on a dry mass basis by the authors of the cited references. However, we calculated these values using published data for water (75%) [71] and ash (4.16% on dry mass basis) [72] contents in thyroid of adults.
Discussion
As was shown before [27,28,52-54] good agreement of the Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na contents in CRM IAEA H-4 samples analyzed by INAA-SLR with the certified data of this CRM indicates acceptable accuracy of the results obtained in the study of TBN and TMN groups of tissue samples presented in Tables 1-3.
From Table 2, it is observed that in TMN tissue the mass fractions of Br and I are approximately 2.9 and 14 times, respectively, lower, while the mass fraction of Ca, K, and Mg are 94%, 56%, and 36%, respectively, higher than in TBN tissue. In a general sense Cl, Mn, and Na, contents found in the TBN and TMN groups of tissue samples were similar (Table 2).
Table 2. Differences between mean values (M±SEM) of Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na mass fraction (mg/kg, dry mass basis) in thyroid benign (TBN) and malignant (TMN) nodules
Mean values obtained for Br, Ca, I, and Mn contents in TBN (Table 3) agree well with median of mean values reported by other researches [56-58,60,61,64]. Mean mass fractions of Cl and Na in TBN obtained in present study were almost one order of magnitude and 3 times higher those in only published article on Cl [59] and Na [65]. Mean mass fraction of K in TBN obtained in present study was a little higher the upper value of range of published means [58], while mass fraction of Mg was a little lower the lowest value of range of published means [62].
Mean values obtained for Ca, I, Mg, and Mn contents in TMN (Table 3)
agree well with median of mean values reported by other researches [56,59,62,66,68-70]. Mean mass fraction obtained for Br in TMN was almost one order of magnitude higher median of previously reported means but inside the range of means [66,67]. Mean mass fraction of K founded in TMN was a little higher the upper value of range of published means {56], while mean mass fraction of Cl was almost one order of magnitude higher that in only published article on this ChEs content in malignant thyroid [59]. No published data referring Na contents of TMN were found (Table 3).
Table 3. Median, minimum and maximum value of means Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na contents in thyroid benign (TBN) and malignant (TMN) nodules according to data from the literature in comparison with our results (mg/kg, dry mass basis).
M –arithmetic mean, SD – standard deviation, (n)* – number of all references, (n)** – number of samples
The range of means of Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na level reported in the literature for TBN and TMN vary widely (Table 3). This can be explained by a dependence of ChEs content on many factors, including age, gender, ethnicity, mass of the TNs, and the stage of diseases. Not all these factors were strictly controlled in cited studies. However, in our opinion, the leading causes of inter-observer variability can be attributed to the accuracy of the analytical techniques, sample preparation methods, and inability of taking uniform samples from the affected tissues. It was insufficient quality control of results in these studies. In many scientific reports, tissue samples were ashed or dried at high temperature for many hours. In other cases, thyroid samples were treated with solvents (distilled water, ethanol, formalin etc). There is evidence that during ashing, drying and digestion at high temperature some quantities of certain ChEs are lost as a result of this treatment. That concerns not only such volatile halogen as Br, but also other ChEs investigated in the study [73-75]. On the other hand, when destructive analytical techniques are used, the tissue samples may be contaminated by ChEs contained in chemicals using for digestion.
Elemental analysis of affected thyroid tissue could become a powerful diagnostic tool. To a large extent, the resumption of the search for new methods for early diagnosis of TMN was due to experience gained in a critical assessment of the limited capacity of the US-examination [2,3]. In addition to the US test and morphological study of needle-biopsy of the TNs, the development of other highly precise testing methods seems to be very useful. Experimental conditions of the present study were approximated to the hospital conditions as closely as possible. In all cases we analyzed a part of the material obtained from a puncture biopsy of the TNs. Therefore, our data allow us to evaluate adequately the importance of ChEs content information for distinguish TMN from TBN.
Tissue content of Br, Ca, I, K, Mg, are different in most TMN as compared to TBN (Tables 2). It should be noted, however, that Br compounds, especially potassium bromide (KBr), sodium bromide (NaBr), and ammonium bromide (NH4Br), are a component of many tranquilizers and frequently used as sedatives, for example, in Russia [76]. Uncontrolled use of tranquilizers may be the reason for elevated levels of Br in specimens of patients with TNs. Therefore, for diagnostic purposes, data for Br content should be used with caution. Level of I in nodular tissue has very promising prospects as a biomarker of malignancy, because there is a great difference between content of this ChE in TBN and TMN (Tables 2). It is very interest a potential possibilities of using the I/Ca, I/K, and I/Mg ratios as cancer biomarker, because during the thyroid malignant transformation contents of these ChEs in nodular tissue change in different directions – a drastically decrease of I and an increase of Ca, K, and Mg (Tables 2). Thus, the results of study show that nondestructive INAA-SLR analysis if ChEs contents in biopsy of TNs may serve as a potential tool for accurate detection of TMN. Because measurements using INAA-SLR are fast (a few minutes) and they do not need in any samples treatment, this analytical method can be used before morphological examination of biopsy samples.
This study has several limitations. Firstly, analytical technique employed in this study measure only eight ChEs (Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na) mass fractions. Future studies should be directed toward using other analytical methods which will extend the list of ChEs investigated in TBN and TMN. Secondly, the sample size of TBN and TMN group was relatively small and prevented investigations of TEs contents in this group using differentials like gender, functional activity of nodules, stage of disease, and dietary habits of patients with TNs. Lastly, generalization of our results may be limited to Russian population. Despite these limitations, this study provides evidence on significant ChEs level alteration in thyroid nodular tissue and shows the necessity to continue ChEs research as potential biomarkers of thyroid malignant transformation.
Conclusion
In this work, elemental analysis was carried out in the nodular tissue samples of thyroid with TBN and TMN using INAA-SLR. It was shown that INAA-SLR is an adequate analytical tool for the non-destructive determination of Br, Ca, Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na content in the tissue samples of human thyroid, including needle-biopsy material. It was observed that in TMN tissue the mass fractions of Br and I are approximately 2.9 and 14 times, respectively, lower, while the mass fraction of Ca, K, and Mg are 94%, 56%, and 36%, respectively, higher than in TBN tissue. Contents of Cl, Mn, and Na found in the TBN and TMN groups of nodular tissue samples were similar. In our opinion, the drastically decrease in level I and abnormal increase in level Ca, K, and Mg in thyroid nodular tissue could be a specific consequence of malignant transformation. It was proposed to use the I mass fraction and I/Ca, I/K, and I/Mg mass fraction ratios in a needle-biopsy of thyroid nodules as a potential tool to diagnose thyroid malignancy. Further studies on larger number of samples are required to confirm our findings and proposals.
Acknowledgements
The author is extremely grateful to Profs. B.M. Vtyurin and V.S. Medvedev, MRRC, Obninsk, as well as to Dr. Yu. Choporov, former Head of the Forensic Medicine Department of City Hospital, Obninsk, for supplying thyroid samples.
Running head
Distinguish between Thyroid Malignant and Benign Nodules
Funding
There were no any sources of funding that have supported this work.
Conflict of interest
The author has not declared any conflict of interests.
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To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice!
I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence
in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt,
during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication.
Thank
Prof. Elvira Farina
Dr Elvira Farina
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Virginia E. Koenig
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases.
Thank you for all.
Delcio G Silva Junior
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article.
Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office.
I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Ziemlé Clément Méda
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports
I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office.
The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript.
And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help.
It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work.
Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
Layla Shojaie
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Sing-yung Wu
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Orlando Villarreal
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Katarzyna Byczkowska
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Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo
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Pedro Marques Gomes
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
Bernard Terkimbi Utoo
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Prof Sherif W Mansour
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing
We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
Hao Jiang
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal.
The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage.
The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful.
The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders.
In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dr Shiming Tang
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery,
Editorial Coordinator,
I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office.
The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
Raed Mualem
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Andreas Filippaios
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity.
The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dr Suramya Dhamija
Dear Erica Kelsey,
Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics
Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications.
We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
Bruno Chauffert
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article.
Have a good day!
Baheci Selen
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
Jesus Simal-Gandara
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far.
Keep up the great work.
Douglas Miyazaki
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
Dr Griffith
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
Dr Tong Ming Liu
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
Husain Taha Radhi
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery.
The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent.
The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value.
I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
S Munshi
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
Tania Munoz
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
George Varvatsoulias
Dear editorial department:
On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal.
Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner.
I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality.
Sincerely,
Rui Tao.
Rui Tao
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Khurram Arshad
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent,
the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Lin Shaw Chin
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project.
I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality.
We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions,
I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients."
I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing.
¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions,
The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed.
The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing!
"I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Zsuzsanna Bene
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
Dr Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent,
the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
Lin-Show Chin
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional.
The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work.
The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient.
The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research.
I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
Sonila Qirko
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional.
I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
Luiz Sellmann
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Zhao Jia
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery,
"The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
Thomas Urban
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient.
The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
Cristina Berriozabal
To Dear Erin Aust,
I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable.
Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free.
I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
Dr Shweta Tiwari
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication.
This journal certainly publishes quality research articles.
I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dr Farooq Wandroo
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
Dr Anyuta Ivanova
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
Dr David Vinyes
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice!
I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence
in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt,
during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication.
Thank
Prof. Elvira Farina
Dr Elvira Farina
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
