info@auctorespublishing.com
+1-(302)-520-2644
+1-(302)-520-2644

Dimensional Meta-Analysis of Trust: Implications for Covid-19 Communication

  1. Home
  2. Journals
  3. Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies
  4. Archives
Submit Guidelines

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8808/093

Dimensional Meta-Analysis of Trust: Implications for Covid-19 Communication

  • Gabriel Pérez Crisanto 1*
  • Cruz García Lirios 1
  • José Alfonso Aguilar Fuentes 1

1 Department of Communication, Metropolitan University, CDMX.

*Corresponding Author: Gabriel Pérez Crisanto, Department of Communication, Metropolitan University, CDMX, Mexico.

Citation: Gabriel Pérez Crisanto, Cruz García Lirios, José Alfonso Aguilar Fuentes (2022) Dimensional meta-analysis of trust: implications for covid-19 communication. J. Clin Case Rep and Stu 3(1); DOI: 10.31579/2690-8808/093

Copyright: © 2022 Gabriel Pérez Crisanto. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 28 September 2021 | Accepted: 09 October 2021 | Published: 03 January 2022

Keywords: meta-analysis, local development, risk, contingency, trust

Abstract

The objective of this work is to review citizen confidence regarding government action in situations of risk and contingency such as the covid-19 coronavirus pandemic. A documentary, meta-analytic and retrospective study was carried out with a selection of sources indexed to international repositories, considering the period from 2010 to 2020, although the research design limited the results to the research scenario, suggesting the extension of the work towards the relationship between trust and microfinance in the framework of local development.

Introduction

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in its report for 2020 projects a significant impact of the covid-19 pandemic on developed and emerging economies [1]. Globally, growth of 3% was expected, but now the best scenario is 1% and the most feasible 0.5% [2]. In the case of China, growth of 6% was expected, but now the best option is 2% and the most likely thing that will happen is zero growth [3]. Japan projected 0.5% but its best option will be -0.5% to -3% [4]. In the same negative trend, the Euro zone awaits its growth options: Italy with -2%, Germany and France with -1%, Great Britain, the United States and Spain with -0.5% [5].In the framework of this panorama, trust between rulers and ruled is a relevant phenomenon since decisions in contingency situations imply relationships of trust between the parties. In other words, the policies for containing and mitigating a pandemic imply citizens' perceptions and expectations of their rulers, their strategies, and the expected results [6].

In this sense, studies related to civil confidence regarding government action in the face of potential threats to health, warn that risk communication must be transparent, vertical and unilateral, but in the absence of favourable results or the increase in the uncertainty of these mistrust emerges and spreads like a pandemic [7].

Consequently, addressing the phenomenon of trust in the face of a pandemic is crucial to anticipate scenarios of perception, communication, and management of potential health risks, as well as the perceived or expected evaluation of policies such as pandemic containment or mitigation [8].

  1. Theory of Trust Expectations

The structure of perceived trust includes dimensions related to leadership, technology and science [9]. Thus, in the case of the covid-19 coronavirus, the theory explains the trust that citizens place in their political leaders regarding the implementation of science and technology to solve the pandemic [10].

In this way, trust is a tripartite structure that configures an accumulated expectation as a risk approaches or a crisis intensifies [11]. If trust is only attributable to leaders, then a scenario of acquired despair is created in which citizens learn to listen to their leaders but knowing that there is no solution to the problem [12]. In the case that the leaders organize a comprehensive response to the problem and make their decisions based on science and technology, trust is reconfigured into an expectation favourable to global, regional or local identity [13].

In the case of an expected and imminent risk, trust increases when government communication becomes transparent and technical, but if the results are perceived as arising from negligence or ineptitude, then trust transforms emotions of uncertainty, fear, anxiety and anger [14].

In the course of a contingency, after the leaders have established a course of action, trust coexists with emotions and perceptions of risks such as incommensurability, unpredictability and uncontrollability of situations [15]. At that point, risk management is reduced and mistrust increases [16].

However, confidence in science and technology emerges in an imminent risk situation and remains as communication becomes transparent, intensifies and technical, but in the absence of perceivable goals, confidence turns into despair or at least unfavourable emotions [17].

However, the trust structure has not been established in situations of maximum risk such as pandemics due to the frequency of their occurrences [18]. Thus, in a scenario of health risks and potential threat to social sectors, the review of the studies is mandatory [19].

  1. Studies of Trust Expectations 
  2. The political system in which it is possible to observe the similarities and differences between groups for and against presidential candidates based on processes of negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration around the management and administration of Information Technologies and Communication is known as governance [20]. This is a growing phenomenon as local or federal elections approach and digital networks are exacerbated as instruments for the promotion or dissuasion of a candidate [21]. 
  3. In the framework of presidential elections, the system of negotiation, mediation, conciliation and arbitration between actors involved in the management and administration of public resources and services is known as governance [22]. In the case of an early electoral contest, governance is a phenomenon that reflects electoral preferences, perceptions of consensus and intentions to vote for parties, candidates and democratic systems [23].
  4. In the case of the effects of the anticipated electoral contest in digital networks such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube or Instagram, these are assumed as instruments for the promotion of candidates and political platforms [24]. It is a proselytise that generates expectations and voting intentions based on electoral preferences, perhaps established in traditional media such as television, radio, newspapers or films, but when filtered through digital networks, they propitiate a scenario of electoral debate that, for the purposes of the present study allow a diagnosis of the relationship that these determining factors of the elections in the near future [25].
  5. Social psychology, through the models of reasoned action and planned behaviour, has influenced the construction of an information psychology [26]. Both models start from the assumption that behaviour is determined by the relationship between beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and intentions. It is a process that, in the context of the information generated on the Internet, explains consumer decisions based on rational, deliberate, planned and systematic processing [27].
  6. However, psychosocial models have been modified to adjust their relationships to information processing on the Internet. These are the cases of the Technology Acceptance Model, the Trade Adoption Model and the Electronic Consumption Model. These models have incorporated the psychosocial variables of beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and intentions that were proposed to explain efficient, effective and effective behaviour [28].
  7. Although Internet access is concomitant with the increase of users of social networks, these focus on Facebook and twitter not only for ease of use, but also for the usefulness of their protocols when it comes to disseminating personalized information. Social networks are personalized instances of information, but the information disseminated in them requires computational skills, search and information processing skills, as well as storage and dissemination capacities [29].
  8. Consequently, the digital divide involves not only differences between those who access digital media and those who are marginalized or excluded, it connotes differences between Internet users seeking information for their entertainment and Internet users who process information for their knowledge and innovation [30].
  9. Whereby Internet users are attached to a system of academic or professional training that forces them to seek information and process it to show meaningful learning [31].
  10. The relevance of beliefs understood as general categories of information extends to the formation of defined attitudes such as specific categories of information, perceptions of catastrophe risk or perceptions of usefulness of information assumed as expectations that allow to anticipate scenarios of uncertainty, as well as the intentions of using the Internet to most likely process the information that is generated [32].
  11. It is the relationships between the psychosocial variables that make relevant their inclusion in the psychological informational models because they explain the information processing of events distant or close to the daily life of Internet users [33]. In this way, the reception of real-time information is a major factor in planning strategies or lifestyles that lessen the impact of catastrophes [34].
  12. However, the tendency of the informational psychological studies is to specify the psychosocial variables since the beliefs are very general categorizations and could not anticipate specific behaviours, although the attitudes are more delimited categorizations, they require of information perceived to activate decisions of immediate action [35].
  13. Precisely because the intentions are decisive probabilities of carrying out a rational, deliberate, planned and systematic action, they predict the emergence of behaviour, but the information generated on the Internet leads to a more emotional than rational process [36].
  14. It is for this reason that the study of intentions with emotional and rational dimensions seems to be more pertinent in an unpredictable and incommensurable scenario as would be the electoral contests [37].

However, digital networks as a framework of agendas, advertisements, opinions, preferences and intentions, represent a small percentage of the electorate that will participate in the elections [38]. This is because unlike traditional media, digital networks not only reproduce information but also produce expectations in potential voters [39].

Such a difference between the Internet, television, radio, the press or cinema makes it necessary to reflect on the studies of mass communication centred on the establishment of agenda, the framing effect and its consequences on the intentions to vote [40]. That is to say that the study of the digital networks supposes a differentiation of sectors even among the users of Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram with respect to others of digital networks [41].

Therefore, it is necessary to study in greater depth the study of the similarities and differences of internet users of digital networks with respect to potential voters of the elections in question [42].

  1. Specification a model for study of trust expectations 

From the theoretical, conceptual and empirical frameworks of trust, it is possible to delineate the axes, trajectories and relationships between the variables. In this way, how the trust towards the authorities regarding their strategies in the face of the covid-19 coronavirus pandemic would be structured in dimensions related to the propensity to decisions, but aversion to the results.

The propensity for decisions and the aversion to results configure an ambivalent phenomenon that prevails in the face of risks, contingencies and expected threats. Decision-making, as established in the theory of trust, involves a structure of expectations based on costs and benefits. In the case of the pandemic, the decisions of the actors involved will be established based on expectations of high losses and low profits. That is to say, the political leaders when declaring the confinement of the people as an instrument of contention or mitigation of the pandemic assume; 1) the smallest number of infections and deaths to reduce economic effects provided that 2) institutions, organizations and political and social actors are willing to reduce or limit their resources and capacities.

The structure of propensity for decisions contrasts with the configuration of aversion to results. It is a flow of contradictory expectations since a consensus of propensity to decisions prevails derived from universal identity, national union or community solidarity, but contrary to the results that for some actors are usually minimal, insufficient or improvable.

In this scenario, leaders seek to preserve their reputation and prestige. Meanwhile, followers question the results, warning that decisions and results depend on the degree of process innovation rather than optimization of resources. Or, the opposite if the prospective decision is to generate new opportunities. In this sense, strategies for a pandemic are more widely accepted during a crisis, although this social support decreases as infection progresses and deaths increase.

Method

A documentary, retrospective and exploratory study was carried out with a selection of sources indexed to international repositories; Ebsco, latindez, Scielo, Scopus and WoS, considering the publication period from 2010 to 2020, as well as the keywords of expectations and risks, as well as the use of the Confidence Expectation Scale, which includes seven items related to the intentions of rulers with respect to the civil protection of the governed in the event of risk events (see Table 1).

Table 1. Prospective dimension of the Confidence Expectation Scale

Note: Elaborated with data study.

A search was conducted at www.scholar.google.com considering the key expectations, confidence and risks. Expert judges selected the studies, considering the theoretical and conceptual dimensions of propensity to decisions and aversion to results, as well as the factor loads of these dimensions in a common factor identified as expectations of trust, consensus perspective or perception of agreement. Data were coded as type A literature for studies reporting the preponderance of both dimensions; Type B literature for the works that included both variables with other dimensions such as transparency and accountability.
The data were processed in the systematic reviews and meta-analysis 
software version 3.0 considering the descriptive, contingent and proportional statistics of probability of making decisions at thresholds of permissible risk.

Results

Table 2 shows the analysis of homogeneous random effects of propensity for decisions in contingencies; sample size, effect sizes, confidence intervals, significance level, variance, standard deviation and confidence intervals in the thresholds of permissible decision-propensity.

Table 2. Analysis of the weight of the prospective dimension in the Confidence Expectations Scale.
  1. Note: Elaborated with data study: N = Sample Size, ES = Erects Size, LL = Lower Limit, UL = Upper Limit, sig = significance level, V = variance, SE = Standard Error, 
    The meta-analytic data allowed the estimation of proportional probability values. These permissible risk thresholds suggest that expectations of confidence are in a zone of social tolerance. In other words, the studies that used the Decision Propensity Scale seem to show a tenuous distance between citizen support for the authorities and their rejection of the decisions they made in risky situations, more specifically in the contingency phase.

Discussion

The contribution of this work to the state of the question lies in the establishment of risk thresholds after a systematic review of studies that used the Confidence Expectations Scale. The results obtained are limited by the criteria for choosing research that used the scale, the review period and the journal indexing. This suggests the extension of the review in other periods, repositories and dimensions related to the Confidence Expectations Scale.

In relation to the confidence expectations theory, which proposes two dimensions, one related to the prospective decision and the other alluding to the expected results, the present work has established a threshold in which the values of the systematic review were included. Research lines concerning the observation of meta-analytic values in other periods and repositories will allow observing the threshold found.

Regarding the prospective dimension which indicates the commitment of high risks to obtain low profits in an uncertain or threatening environment, the present study has established a threshold in which the studies systematically reviewed are uncertain in a permissible or tolerable zone relative to expectations. Trust worthy. Research regarding this prospective dimension will allow us to observe the same threshold for works that used the same scale in different contexts.

Regarding the aversive dimension of the Confidence Expectations Scale, which highlights the dissent among the parties involved, this paper warns that the prospective dimension could be unrelated. This is so because risk communication is not a continuous process but an emergent and therefore disruptive one. Studies that corroborate this assumption will allow establishing a threshold perceived as tolerable for those who expect decisions and actions from their authorities.

Conclusion

The objective of the present work was to establish confidence expectations thresholds in the event of risk events. In the case of the prospective dimension, the present study established the threshold considering a revision from 2010 to 2020, indexation and factor load. These results are limited by these constraints and suggest extension to another period of time and type of repository. In relation to the theoretical framework, the established threshold suggests an allowable risk, although this would probably not be associated with the threshold of the aversive dimension.

References

  1. World Health Organization (2020). Impacto de la crisis financiera y económica mundial en la salud. New york: who
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  2. Panamerican Health Organization (2020) health and new international economic order. New york: paho
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  3. Akerstrom, N. (2001). Undecidability of decision. Copenhagen: mpp
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  4. Aldana, W. (2016). Especificación de un modelo para el estudio de las redes colaborativas en una universidad productora del conocimiento. Civilizar, 18 (35), 91-102
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  5. Arigela, A. K. (2013). Model based prospective decision support system for informatic security. International journal of scientific engineering & technology rsearch, 2 (14), 1515-1522
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  6. Bermudez, G. (2019). Meta-analitycal validity of the social entrepreneurship inventory: a study of random effects size. Global journal of manaagement 19 (10), 15-19
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  7. Bermudez, G. (2019). Flexibilidad sociopolítica en la economia 4,0. Revista ciencia política, 37, 1-10
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  8. Bond, S. D. (2008). Generating objectives: can decision makers articulate what they whant? Management science, 54 (1), 56-70
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  9. Bouls, B. (2020). Specification of a model of entrepreneurship: from opportunism to innovation. International journal of advances research, 8 (3), 20-24
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  10. Bucio, C. (2019). Estructura factorial exploratoria del emprendimiento caficultor en una localidad del centro de mexico. Integración académica en psicología, 7 (20), 111-127
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  11. Bustos, j. (2019). Meta-analysis randomized bivariate effects of governance on common resources management. Journal social science rsearch, 7 (9), 1-9
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  12. Bustos, J. M. (2018). Contrastación de un modelo de decisión prospectiva e implicaciones para una gobernanza universitaria de la sustentabilidad. Revista trabajo social, 23 81), 1-10
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  13. Carreon, J. (2018). Modelamiento del emprendimiento internauta en una universidad pública del centro de mexico mediante el analisis factorial exploratorio. Divulgación de la investigación, 16 (1), 1-16
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  14. Carreon, J. (2019). Categorical exploratory structure of intellectual capital formation in its phase of intangible organizational assests. Journal of social science research, 6 (8), 1-10
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  15. Carreon, J. (2019). Model of the determinants of human capital. International journal of advances in social sciences & humanities, 7 (8), 1-5
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  16. Cervantes, M. I. (2019). Reliability and validity of the scale of labor welfare. Frontiers, 18 (31), 1-21
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  17. Cheng, P. Y. (2014). Decision utility and anticipate discrete emotions: an investment decision model. Journal behavioral finance, 15 (2), 1-10
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  18. Clark, S. (2020). Specification of a model of intellectual capital. International journal of economics & management studies, 10 (3), 1-3
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  19. Garcia, C. (2005). El modelo de decisión prospectiva. Reme, 1 (1), 1-10
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  20. Garcia, C. (2013). La red de conocimiento en una universidad con sistema de practias profesionales y servicio social tecnológico-administrativo. Fundamentos en humanidades, 14 (1), 135-157
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  21. Garcia, C. (2019). Agenda of knowledge management. Akademia, 18 (1), 1-10
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  22. Garcia, C. (2019). Gobernanza prospectiva mnetropolitana. Drussendroff: eae
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  23. Garcia, C. (2020). Model of intangible assests and capitals in organizations. Journal fo neurology, psychiatry and brains research, 20 (1), 1-9
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  24. Garcia, C. (2020). Specification a model for study of commitement entrepreneurship. Journal of scientific research & report, 10 (1), 1-13
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  25. Garcia, C. (2020). Specification a model for study of intellectual capital. Journal of business in organization, 3 (1), 1-4
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  26. Garcia, C. (2020). Specification a model for study of utility entrepreneurship. Global journal of human social science, 20 (1), 35-38
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  27. Garcia, C. (2020). Specification a model of knowlwdge. International journal of engineering, technology & management research, 7 (2), 1-6
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  28. Garcia, C. (2020). Specification a model of latest organizational. Journal of geography, environments & earth science internatiuonal, 10 (1), 1-6
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  29. Hernandez, J. (2018). Modelo de cibercultura organizacional en la innovación del conocimiento. Vision gerencial, 18 (2), 235-253
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  30. Hernandez, J. (2019). Decisión prospectiva opttimizadora e innovadora. Eureka, 16 (2), 127-143
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  31. Juarez, M. (2020). Specification a model for study of cooperate asistence. Global journal of archeology & anthropology, 11 (2), 50-54
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  32. Limon, G. A. (2020). Specification of a model of nedd information about covid 19 coronavirus. International journal of social science studies, 8 (6), 1-5
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  33. Mendyk, A. (2010). Decision support systems for ppharmaceutical formulation development based on artificial neural networks. Decision support systems, 100, 99-123
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  34. Owen, G. S. (2012). Clinical assesment of decision making capacity in acquired brain injury with personality change. Neuropsychological rehabilitation, 20, 1-17
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  35. Quiroz, C. Y. (2019). Specification a model of culture knowledge management. Global advanced rsearch journal of agricultural sciences, 8 (10), 1-4
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  36. Rosas, F. J. (2019). Contrastación de un modelo de decisión prospectiva de la sustentabilidad. Invurnus, 14 (2), 9-19
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  37. Sanchez, A. (2019). Confiabilidad y validez de un instrumento que mide la gestión del conocimiento. Espacios en blanco, 30, 9-22
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  38. Saruni, D. (2018). Naïve bayes optimization based on particle swarm optimization to predict the decision of insurance customer canddidate. International journal of computer technique 5 (5), 8-14
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  39. Saruni, D. (2018). Utilization of prediction data for prospective decision customer insurance using the clasification method of c45 and naïve bayes algorithms. Journal of physics. 11 (79), 1-9
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  40. Streb, J. M. (2011). Estabilización económica e incentivos políticos. Buenos aires: ucema
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  41. Villegas, E. (2018). Establecimiento de una política de ciencia y tecnología para la incubación de microempresas innovadoras del conocimiento. Inclusiones, 5, 19-26
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  42. Villegas, E. (2019). Specification a model for study of the perception of knowledge. Open journal political science, 9 (1), 1-6
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

img

Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

img

Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

img

Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

img

Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

img

Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

img

Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

img

Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

img

Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

img

Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

img

Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

img

Luiz Sellmann