Cultural Variations in The Clinical Presentation of Theoretical and Empirical Issues in Differentiating Depression from Anxiety

Mini Review | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2688-7517/077

Cultural Variations in The Clinical Presentation of Theoretical and Empirical Issues in Differentiating Depression from Anxiety

1 Faculty of Chemistry, California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA

2 BioSpectroscopy Core Research Laboratory (BCRL), California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA 

3 Cancer Research Institute (CRI), California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA

4 American International Standards Institute (AISI), Irvine, CA 3800, USA

*Corresponding Author: Alireza Heidari, American International Standards Institute (AISI), Irvine, CA 3800, USA

Citation: Alireza Heidari, (2023), Cultural Variations in The Clinical Presentation of Theoretical and Empirical Issues in Differentiating Depression from Anxiety, J. Addiction Research and Adolescent Behaviour, 6(3) DOI:10.31579/2688-7517/077

Copyright: © 2023, Alireza Heidari. this is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 18 July 2023 | Accepted: 25 July 2023 | Published: 07 August 2023

Keywords:

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), a (associated with surrounding conditions or the health of the Earth) endocrine disruptor, has been worried (in crime) in anxiety-like behavior. but the nerve-associated/mind-related (system/approach/way) stays difficult to peer/difficult to seize. (on this/inside this), we determined that mice exposed to 0.5 mg/kg/day BPA almost always from (after the birth of a toddler) days (PND) 21 to PND 80 showed depression- and anxiety-like behavior. further examine confirmed that (center component) prefrontal cortex (mPFC), changed into linked with BPA-precipitated despair- and anxiety-like conduct, as shown/established real through reduced c-fos expression in mPFC of BPA-exposed mice. both the (the study of the shapes of things) and function of glutamatergic nerve cells (also known as pyramidal nerve cells) in mPFC of mice had been broken/weakened following BPA exposure, seen as decreased first (or most essential) branches, weakened (silvery metallic/vital nutrient) signal, and reduced mEPSC frequency. Importantly, optogenetic (stimulation of action/making energetic and effective) of the pyramidal nerve cells in mPFC greatly reversed BPA-precipitated melancholy- and anxiety-like conduct in mice. what is greater, we stated that microglial (stimulation of action/making lively and effective) in mPFC of mice can also have a position in BPA-prompted depression- and anxiety-like behavior. Taken together, the consequences pointed to/showed that mPFC is the mind area this is significantly damaged by BPA exposure and is related to BPA-prompted melancholy- and anxiety-like conduct. The observe this manner offers new expertise of BPA-induced poisonous (to nerves) and behavioral adjustments [1-114].

 

Acknowledgement:

This study was supported by the Cancer Research Institute (CRI) Project of Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development, the National Natural Science Foundation of the United Sates, the International Joint BioSpectroscopy Core Research Laboratory (BCRL) Program supported by the California South University (CSU), and the Key project supported by the American International Standards Institute (AISI), Irvine, California, USA.

References

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