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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/1010
1Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
2Department of Clinical Immunology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
3Department of Paediatrics, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
4Microbiology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
5Department of Anaesthesia, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: Ezeokoli OE, Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Citation: Ezeokoli OE, Ezeani MC, Akpa CO, Ugwu GC, Nnachi OA, et al, (2026), Correlating the Plasma Levels of Interferon-Gamma, Interleukin-6 And Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Under-Five Children with Malaria Parasitaemia, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, 33(2); DOI:10.31579/2690-4861/1010
Copyright: © 2026, Ezeokoli OE. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 02 December 2025 | Accepted: 18 December 2025 | Published: 12 January 2026
Keywords: Pollution; O3; DAMP; Inflammasome; Alarmin, IL-33
Background: It has been observed that dwellers in malaria endemic areas, who are continuously exposed to malaria parasitaemia, over time develop some level of immunity against severe forms of the disease. The interaction between the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is known to play key roles in the immune response to infectious diseases. The pathogenesis of malaria parasitaemia, including its progression to symptomatic manifestation, also seems to be strongly related to the interplay between these cytokines.
Aim: The study showed correlations in between the plasma levels of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-six (IL-6), and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β); and the correlation between Age and the plasma levels of the cytokines in children aged between 6 and 60 months, when infected with malaria parasitaemia.
Method: The study was a cross-sectional study involving children with uncomplicated malaria. In the study, malaria parasitaemia was confirmed by microscopy, using Giemsa-stain. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to evaluate the plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and TGF-β in the subjects.
Results: The median plasma IFN-γ, IL-6 and TGF-β levels in participants with malaria parasitaemia were 225.15 pg/mL, 123.31 pg/mL and 2091.02 pg/mL, respectively. The relationship between plasma IFN-γ and IL-6, in the children with malaria parasitaemia showed a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.793; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The findings in this work showed that malaria parasitaemia in under-five years’ children is associated with a significant positive correlation in the plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-6, and a significant negative correlation between IFN-γ and TGF-β.
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by caused by species of Plasmodium (Ghosh and Stumhofer, 2021). In 2021, the global estimation of the malaria incidence was 247 million cases in 84 countries, which are mostly from the Sub-Saharan Africa. Four countries in the sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria inclusive, accounted for 48% of malaria cases globally 1. In the year 2021, across Africa mortality from malaria, was estimated at 593,000; under-five children comprising of 76% of the mortality. Thus, making the disease to be ranked the largest single component of disease burden in Africa by the WHO 1.
Species of Plasmodium are the major aetiological factor for malaria in humans and are transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, which are widely distributed throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Six species of Plasmodium implicated in human malaria are: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale curtis, P. ovale wallikeri, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi 2. In the sub-Saharan African, P. falciparum is the most prevalent cause of malaria, and is mostly implicated in severe forms of malaria, which is responsible for most malaria fatalities globally 3.
In the sub-Saharan African countries, where malaria is endemic, the disease is associated with high rate of transmission, and under-five years’ children appear to bear the brunt of severe forms of the disease with their attendant complications. These complications come with a very high morbidity and mortality in this age group 4. Nevertheless, in the non-endemic regions, where the exposure to bites from infected female Anopheles mosquitoes is relatively low, these is associated low level of acquired immunity to malaria evenly spread across all age groups in the populace. The morbidity and mortality also appear to be dependent on the extent of exposure to bites from infected female Anopheles mosquitoes and not age groups 5,6.
Mediators of inflammation have been shown to be very important in explaining the pathogenesis of malaria, and other febrile illnesses 7,8,9. Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) appear to be helpful in stimulating effector cells and also offers protective immune response in the disease by induction of fever, which is helpful in creating unfavorable environment for the parasite’s development. However, elevated TNF-α and some other pro-inflammatory cytokines, have also been observed to be associated with severe forms of malaria, and are noted to be key mediators in determining the severity of the disease 8,9. When the activities of these pro-inflammatory cytokines are not well modulated by anti-inflammatory cytokines, the pathologic consequences are observed to be out of proportion, thus resulting in severe form of the disease. This shows that the anti-inflammatory cytokines also play some critical roles in determining the clinical course of malaria, and is also important the protection against severe forms of malaria, especially, in children 10,11,12.
As the quest for a durable malaria vaccine is still ongoing, to ameliorate or eliminate the morbidity and mortality often associated with P. falciparum infection, among the under-five, a more critical review of the interplay between these cytokines in malaria endemic zones could be of help in taming this childhood-killer-disease, in the sub-Saharan Africa and other malaria endemic regions of the world.
This study was designed to underscore any correlation between the plasma levels of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are pro-inflammatory cytokines; Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), an anti-inflammatory cytokine; and the ages groups of under-five Nigerian children, infected with P. falciparum. This is in view of this aiding in the designing of the long awaited, durable and potent malaria vaccine.
Study Area: The study was carried out at the Children Out-Patient Clinic (ChOPC) of Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) with Children on Clinic visitation and with pupils of Redeemer’s International School Abakaliki (RISA). Both facilities are located in Abakaliki Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, South-Eastern Nigeria. Ebonyi State shares a border with Benue State to the north, Enugu State to the west, Imo and Abia States to the south, and Cross River State to the east.
Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, being a tertiary health facility, provides specialized tertiary health care services, with Children Out-Patient Clinic has between 100-160 children in attendance, on daily basis.
Study Participants: Children aged between six and sixty months, who presented at the Children Out-Patient Clinic (ChOPC) of the hospital, and apparently healthy-looking pupils from Redeemer’s International School Abakaliki (RISA), were enrolled, with consent from their caregivers, after detailed information on what the study was all about.
Study Design: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study.
Inclusion Criteria
All children, aged between 6 and 60 months, with febrile illness and any healthy-looking child within the age bracket (as controls).
Exclusion Criteria
Severely malnourished child/ Grade III malnutrition, using Gomez’s Classification i.e 60% or less of Weight for Age (WFA) 13; Child with confirmed immunosuppressive disease, like: HIV/AIDS, Malignancy, Measles, Tuberculosis, cough of more than 2 weeks, etc; and Child with burns.
Ethical Consideration
Ethical Approval for the research was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakiliki (FETHA). Only the children whose parent/guardian gave their consent were enrolled into the study. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the study. Caregivers were privy to the results of the investigations carried out on their wards, if they wished. As a form of incentive, children who tested positive to malaria infection were given free-malaria-treatment with Artemisinin-based Combined Therapy (ACT), following the dose prescription by the resident doctor at the Clinic, whereas, those that tested negative were given haematinic syrup.
Sample Collection: The Nurses at the Children Outpatient Clinic of FETHA assisted in taking the biophysical profiles of the children, during the registration. A total of 2ml of blood sample was collected from each enrollee in the survey, via venepuncture, and was promptly transferred into the sample bottle which contains Ethylene diamine-tetracetic acid (EDTA). Each batch of samples collected, was taken to the Research laboratory of FETHA for processing, within 20minutes of their collection from the participants.
Laboratory Procedures: In the laboratory, for each specimen, blood films (thick and thin films) for malaria parasite microscopy were quickly made on the glass slides, for malaria parasite identification. The remaining sample is centrifuged for 15 minutes, and the supernatant (plasma) separated into a plain specimen bottle, and then frozen at -200C. The frozen plasma specimens were transported, under cold chain maintenancee, to Ohize Medical Center, Benin City, Edo State in Nigeria, where the cytokine analysis took place, using the commercial standard Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits.
The Malaria Parasite Microscopy
Making a Thin Blood Film (for intracellular parasite identification): A drop of blood sample (using capillary tube) was placed on each properly identified dry glass slide. The blood drop was immediately spread using a smooth-edged slide-spreader and allowed to air-dry. Afterwards, the slide was placed horizontally on a staining rack and a drop of methanol applied. This was allowed for 2minutes to fix the thin blood film.
Making a Thick Blood Film (for specie identification): Twenty-five microlitre of blood sample (using automatic pipette) was applied on properly identified clean slide. The blood sample was gently spread to make the thick smear, which evenly covered an area of about 15x15mm on each slide. With the slide in a horizontal position, it was allowed too thoroughly air-dry,
Staining of the slides: The slides (both the thick and thin blood films) were faced upwards, supported on two rods in a staining trough, flooded with 10% Giemsa-stain solution and allowed for 10minutes. Afterwards, clean water was used to flush the stain from the slides. The back of the slides was wiped clean and placed in a draining rack to air-dry, before viewing under the microscope at x100 (oil immersion).
Statistical Analyses
The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The study population was partitioned into five (5) age groups: 6 to 11months, 12 to 23months, 24 to 35months, 36 to 47months, and 48 to 59months. It was also partitioned according to sex. The malaria infected and the uninfected (control) populations were also, separately, partitioned according to age and sex. The median plasma levels of INF-γ, IL-6 and TGF-β for the infected and uninfected groups were determined. Analyses for correlations between plasma levels of INF-γ, IL-6 and TGF-β and Age in the infected population were done using the Spearman’s Correlation Test. Positive Spearman’s correlation coefficients, (+ r-values) were taken as positive correlation, and negative Spearman’s correlation coefficients, (- r-values) were taken as negative correlation. Probability value (p-value) of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Sample Characteristics: A total of eighty-nine (89) children, aged between 6months and 59months were enrolled in the survey. Analyses for age distribution showed 10 were within 6 to 11 months age group, 18 were within 12 to 23 months, 27 were within 36 and 47 months, and 17 were between 48 and 59 months (Table 1). For the sex distribution, 42 were females, while 47 were males; with female to male ratio of 1:1.1 (Figure 1).
Malaria Parasitaemia: Presence of malaria parasite was noticed in 50 out of the 89 samples collected from the study population, as shown in Table 1. The 39 children without malaria parasitaemia were used as control group in the study. The age distributions of the infected and uninfected groups are both illustrated in Figure 1. The age group of 24-35 months had the highest number of children (16 children) with malaria parasitaemia, whereas, children aged between 6-11 months had the least (5 children). For the uninfected population (control group), the age group of 24-35 months, also had the highest number of children (11 children), whereas, children aged between 48-59 months had the least (3 children).
The Sex Distribution of the Infected and Uninfected Population
The males appeared to be more infected with the malaria parasites than the female population; with the total of 30 out of the 50 infected participants being males. The proportion of the affected males was 30 out of the 47 male participants (i.e 63.8% of the male participants), unlike the females in which out of the 39 participants, 20 had malaria parasitaemia, (i.e 51.2% of the female participants). These are illustrated in Figure 1.
| AGE (in months) PARTICIPANTS INFECTED UNINFECTED |
| N N Percentage N Percentage |
| >6-11 10 5 10.0 5 12.8 |
| 12-23 18 8 16.0 10 25.6 |
| 24-35 27 16 32.0 11 28.2 |
| 36-47 17 7 14.0 10 25.6 |
| 48-59 17 14 28.0 3 7.7 |
| Total 89 50 100.0 39 100.0 |
Table 1: Age Distribution of All the Participants, showing the Infected and Uninfected Population
Figure 1: Bar-chart Showing Sex Distribution of the Participants
Description of the Cytokines Levels
For the population with malaria parasitaemia, the median levels for INF-γ, IL-6 and TGF-β were 225.15 (110.84-549.15) pg/mL, 123.36 (53.55-168.25) pg/mL, 2091.02 (1182.76-3685.17) pg/mL. For the population not infected with malaria, the mean levels for INF-γ, IL-6 and TGF-β, were 178.86 (107.61-272.70) pg/mL, 65.78 (37.60-180.71) pg/mL, and 4813.74 (2013.51-6414.23) pg/mL. These are shown in Table 2.
| Infected group Uninfected group |
| Median Median |
| CYTOKINES (N=50) (N=39) |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) 225.15 (110.84-549.15) 178.86 (107.61-272.70) |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) 123.36 (53.55-168.25) 65.78 (37.60-180.71) |
| TGF-β (pg/mL) 2091.02 (1182.76-3685.17) 4813.74 (2013.51-6414.23) |
Table 2: The Cytokines Levels in the Infected and Uninfected Population
Spearman’s Correlations between the Cytokines’ levels and Age in Infected Population
Among the population with malaria parasitaemia, the Spearman’s Correlation test between the plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and TGF-β and the age variations, showed a significant positive correlation between plasma levels IFN-γ and IL-6 (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, rho, = +0.561, p <0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>
| IFN-γ IL-6 TGF-β AGE |
| Spearman’s rho IFN-γ Correlation Coef. 1.000 0 .561* -0.469* 0.091 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000** 0.001** 0.528 |
| N 50 50 50 50 |
| Spearman’s rho IL-6 Correlation Coef. 0.561* 1.000 -0.115 -0.038 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000** 0.428 0.793 |
| N 50 50 50 50 |
| Spearman’s rho TGF-β Correlation Coef. -0.469* -0.115 1.000 -0.139 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001** 0.428 0.335 |
| N 50 50 50 50 |
| Spearman’s rho AGE Correlation Coef. 0.091 -0.038 -0.139 1.000 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) 0.528 0.793 0.335 |
| N 50 50 50 50 |
Table 3: Spearman’s Correlations between the Cytokines’ levels and Age in Infected Population
* = Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho)
** = p-value
Spearman’s Correlations between the Cytokines’ levels and Age in Uninfected Population
Among the population not infected with malaria parasitaemia, the Spearman’s Correlation test between the plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and TGF-β and the age variations, showed a significant positive correlation between plasma levels IFN-γ and IL-6 (rho= +0.546, p <0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>
| IFN-γ IL-6 TGF-β AGE |
| Spearman's rho IFN-γ Correlation Coef. 1.000 0.546* 0.278 -0.037 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000** 0.087 0.822 |
| N 39 39 39 39 |
| Spearman's rho IL-6 Correlation Coef. 0.546* 1.000 0.350* -0.264 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000** 0.029** 0.105 |
| N 39 39 39 39 |
| Spearman's rho TGF-β Correlation Coef. 0.278 0.350* 1.000 -0.321* |
| Sig. (2-tailed) 0.087 0.029** 0.046** |
| N 39 39 39 39 |
| Spearman's rho AGE Correlation Coef. -0.037 -0.264 -0.321* 1.000 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) 0.822 0.105 0.046** |
| N 39 39 39 39 |
Table 4: Spearman’s Correlations between the Cytokines’ levels and Age in Uninfected Population
* = Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho)
** = p-value
Correlation of plasma IFN-γ and plasma IL-6
There was a very significant positive correlation between the plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 in the population with malaria parasitaemia, in this index study. This was in keeping with the study conducted among children, aged five to fourteen years, who resided in a region of Papua New Guinea, a malaria endemic zone, where red blood cells that were infected with P. falciparum, were applied to isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-6, by the mononuclear cells were assayed and their key sources investigated. The study showed that increased P. falciparum-induced IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were associated with an increase in incidence of P. falciparum clinical episodes 14. This was also, supported by the study of the interplay between IFN-γ and IL-6 signaling during polymorphonuclear cell migration in acute inflammation, where it was noted that the murine IL-6 got elevated on induction of IFN-γ. The neutrophil infiltration was reported to be controlled by the IFN-γ, which also modulates IL-6 signaling through its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) to promote their apoptosis and clearance 15.
Correlation of plasma IFN-γ and plasma TGF-β
There was significant negative correlation between IFN-γ and TGF-β among the population infected which was in support of the findings in by de Jong et al, in a Controlled Human Malaria Infection (CMMI) conducted in volunteer subjects. When the subjects were infected with malaria parasite, there was a significant decrease in serum TGF-β when compared to the baseline, and a concomitant increase in the concentration of assayed pro-inflammatory indicators, like IFN-γ, IL-6, D-dimer and von Willebrand. However, those that showed sustained increase in the TGF-β, showed less severe clinical symptoms and the lesser markers of inflammation 16. This could be as a result of the immune modulating effect of the TGF-β, released by the T-regulatory cells, which regulates the activities of the immune mediators, thus ameliorating the clinical symptoms which are resultant effects of the activities of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, in a bid to rid the body of the parasite 9,12. The findings by Omar and Riley, also showed that TGF-β activities, in murine malaria, are quite important in maintaining the balance between control and clearance of infectious organisms and at the same time in the prevention of immune-mediated pathology. Thus, regulation of host-parasite interaction and mitigating the pathogenesis or worsening of the disease process 17. In a study done by Wenisch et al, in Bangkok, Thailand, patients with acute P. falciparum malaria were observed to have decreased levels of serum TGF-β, when compared to the healthy control group, prior to treatment. However, there was subsequent increase in the levels after initiation of treatment, and attainment of normal range on day 21 after the treatment commencement. They also noticed a significant inverse correlation of TGF-β and a pro-inflammatory cytokine, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha. This shows that with clearance of the pathogen which induces inflammatory response, the TGF-β production is increased to modulate the pro-inflammatory activity, with restoration of homeostasis 18.
Correlation of plasma IL-6 and plasma TGF-β
There was a negative correlation between IL-6 and TGF-β, though not statistically significant, unlike some studies where the relationship between TGF-β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines like, IFN-γ and TNF-α, were observed to be have significant negative correlation with IL-6 9,12,18. This could be as a result of using a population that comprised of children with uncomplicated malaria parasitaemia, including those with asymptomatic parasitaemia, in a bid to avoid confounding factors like sepsis, which is often associated with severe/complicated malaria due to the attendant immunosuppression. In a study by Wu et al, in investigating the correlation between malaria and immune cells, TGF-β was found to be negatively correlated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines- IFN-γ and IL-6, in individuals with severe forms of malaria. They also noted that low TGF-β in a host prevents the host from being able to manage the inflammation that Plasmodium causes, resulting in pathological situation that leaves the host vulnerable to fatal infection 19. In other words, with the decrease in the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, TGF-β, in malaria parasitaemia, there is attendant reduction in its immune-modulatory activities, causing both IFN-γ and IL-6 activities to get exaggerated, thus worsening the clinical outcome of the disease process 20. Keswani et al, in their study on association between TGF-β and IL-6 in mouse model during Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection, showed that there was worse clinical manifestation with treatment with anti-TGF-β, whereas, there was delayed immunopathology process with treatment with IL-6. Showing that worse disease progression was also associated with down-regulation of TGF-β and up-regulation of IL-6 in splenic cells during the PbA infection 21.
Correlation of Age and plasma IFN-γ
In this study, there was a positive correlation between the ages of the children and their levels of plasma IFN-γ, though not significant. The study by Weigering et al, showed age-associated increase in plasma levels of IFN-γ, in healthy children aged between zero to eighteen years, when their peripheral blood mononuclear cells or cord blood mononuclear cells were stimulated, in vitro, with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate or ionomycin 22. This is as due to immune immaturity of the very young, on account of their lower proportion of IFN-γ-producing CD4-positive and CD8-positive cells, when compared to the adults with aged microenvironment for lymphocyte maturation 23,24.
Correlation of Age and plasma IL-6
There was negative correlation between the age of the children infected with malaria parasitaemia and their levels of plasma IL-6, although the relationship was not statistically significant. However, IL-6, being a key mediator of inflammatory processes, is known to increase with age, and this is often as a result of some physical changes associated with advance in age, particularly those related to chronic inflammatory diseases, which are not common in the very young age group 25.
Correlation of Age and plasma TGF-β
A negative correlation was also observed between the age and plasma level of TGF-β, in children infected with malaria parasitaemia, although the relationship was not statistically significant. However, the relationship which was also a negative correlation was found to be very significant in the control group, which comprised of apparently healthy children, without malaria parasitaemia. A similar finding was also noted, in apparently healthy children, in the work done by Stark et al, while studying the role of TGF-β on Marfan syndrome 26.
Summary
In this study, children of age 24-35 months accounted for the highest number of children with malaria parasitaemia, whereas, children aged between six to eleven months had the least. The study also showed a higher incidence of malaria parasitaemia in the males than the females. A very significant positive correlation between the plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 in the population with malaria parasitaemia was noted. Likewise, a significant correlation between IFN-γ and TGF-β was observed. Age related differences in the levels of the cytokines in the children with malaria parasitaemia were noted, however, none was statistically significant.
The host-plasmodium interaction in human results in complex cellular immune responses, which results in diverse interactions between the pro-inflammatory and the anti-inflammatory cytokines and other components of immune response. The interplay between these cytokines (both pro-inflammatory and the anti-inflammatory cytokines) play a critical role in determining the severity of the disease. The findings in this work, showed that, not with-standing the malaria endemicity in Nigeria, under-five years Nigerian children infected with Plasmodium falciparum exhibit statistically significant positive correlation in the plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-6, and a negative correlation between IFN-γ and TGF-β in those with malaria parasitaemia.
Limitations
-Not determining the Parasite density.
-Not determining the submicroscopic infections using PCR.
Recommendations
From the results obtained the following recommendations are made:
1.These findings can be of help in the development of effective malaria vaccine.
2.Further research of this sort determining the inflammatory cytokines levels in other common inflammatory diseases, among these age groups (6-60 months) and correlating the levels to those with complicated and those with uncomplicated malaria.
3.A similar but more robust research involving the young adults, who are seemingly not prone to severe forms of P. falciparum malaria.
Author Contributions
EOE: Wrote the first draft
EMC: Critical revision of the work
EO: Guidance with regards to handling the study population
ACO: Collection/Processing of the blood samples
UGC: Collection/Processing of the blood samples
ONA: Collection/Processing of the blood samples
OSO: Making and viewing of the slides for MP microscopy
EOM: Editing of the work
EAN: Collection/Processing of the blood samples
NFO: Collection/Processing of the blood samples
Acknowledgement:
We are grateful to Dr. Nnachi Oluomachi, the Head of department of Haematology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki for the provision of a conducive environment in the Research laboratory, where the initial processing/storage of the samples took place before being transported to another laboratory for the ELISA analyses.
Conflict Of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted without any form of commercial of financial relationship that could portend a conflict of interest.
Appendix
The cytokines analyses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)
1. Transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-β)
Manufacturer
Bioassay Technology Laboratory,
1713 Junjiang International Bldg. 218Ningguo Rd.
Yangpu Dist. Shanghai,
China. Cat.No E30511Hu
Specification
Standard Curve Range: 10pg/mL-400pg/L
Sensitivity: 5.11pg/mL
Intra-Assay: CV < 8>
Inter-Assay: CV<10>
Storage: 2-8OC
The principle
The ELISA kit used the Sandwish-ELISA principle. The TGF-β was added to the wells pre-coated with TGF-β monoclonal antibody. After incubation a biotin-conjugated anti-human TGF-β antibody was added and bound to human TGF-β. After incubation unbound biotin-conjugated anti-human TGF-β antibody was washed away during a washing step. Streptavidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) was added and bound to the biotin-conjugated anti-human TGF-β antibody. After incubation unbound Streptavidin-HRP was washed away during a washing step. Substrate solution was then added and colour developed in proportion to the amount of human TGF-β. The reaction was terminated by addition of acid stop solution and absorbance was measured at 450nm.
Reagent preparation
All reagents were brought to room temperature. Then, 120µL of the standard (4800ng/L) was reconstituted with 120µL of standard diluent to generate a 2400ng/L standard stock solution. This was allowed sit for 15 minutes with gentle agitation prior to making dilutions. Duplicate standard points were prepared by serially diluting the standard stock solution (2400ng/L) 1:2 with standard diluent to produce 1200ng/L, 600ng/L, 300ng/L, 150ng/L, solutions. The standard diluent served as the zero standard (0ng/L).
Assay procedure
All the reagents were brought to room temperature. Then, 50µL of the standard was added to standard well. Afterwards, 40µL sample was added to sample wells and then 10µL anti-TGF-β into antibody wells. Then 50µL streptavidin-HRP was added to sample wells and standard wells (not blank control well). This was mixed well and before the plate was covered with a sealer, and then incubated for 60 minutes at 37oC.
Afterwards, the sealer was removed and the plate washed 5 times with wash buffer. The plate was afterwards, blotted onto paper towel. 50µL substrate solution A was added to each well and then 50µL of substrate solution B added, subsequently. The plate was covered with a new sealer and incubated for another 10 minutes at 37oC in the dark.
Then, 50µL of Stop Solution was added to each well, and the blue colour changed into yellow immediately. The optical density (OD) values of each well were determined, using a microplate reader set to 450 nm within 30 minutes
3.9.2.2. interleukin-6 (il-6)
Manufacturer
Elabscience Biotechnology Inc.
Building B18, 2nd Phase of Biomedical Park,
#858 Gaoxin Road, Donghu Hi-Tech Development Area,
Wuhan, Hubei, Central China.
Specification
Sensitivity: 4.69 pg/mL
Detection Range: 7.81-500 pg/mL
Specificity: this kit recorgnizes natural and some recombinant
Standard Curve Range: linearly dependent coefficient >0.9900
Repeatability: <10>
Storage: 2-8OC
Test principle
The ELISA kit also used the Sandwish-ELISA principle. The micro-ELISA plate provided in the kit had been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human IL-6. Standards or samples were added to the micro-ELISA plate and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human IL-6 and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate were added to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components were washed away. The substrate solution was added to each well. The enzyme-substrate reaction was terminated by the addition of stop solution. The optical density (OD) was measured spectrophotometrically at wavelength of 450±2nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human IL-6. The concentration of Human IL-6 in each sample was calculated by comparing the OD of the sample to the standard curve.
Reagents preparation
All reagents and samples were brought to room temperature before use. The concentrated wash buffer was diluted 25 times to working solution. The reference standard was then diluted to different concentrations. The Concentrated HRP Conjugated was diluted 100x to working solution. This was done 15 minutes earlier before reconstitution of the wash buffer. The Microplate reader was pre-heated while reconstituting the Concentrated HRP Conjugated after.
Assay procedure
After all the reagents were brought to room temperature, 100 µL of standard and sample were added to corresponding wells and incubated for 90 minutes at 37oC. Afterwards, the liquid was removed, and 100 µL of Biotinylated Detected Ab added to the wells and incubated for 1 hour at 37oC. The content was removed and washed for 3 times, before adding 100 µL HRP Conjugate, and was incubated for 30 minutes at 37oC. Again, wells were emptied of the liquid and washed for 5 times, before adding 90 µL of Substrate Reagent, and then incubated for 15 minutes at 37oC. Afterwards, 50 µL of Stop Solution was added to the wells, and the OD value determine at 450nm immediately. The results were now calculated.
3.9.2.3 Interferon-Gamma (Ifn-Γ)
Manufacturer
Elabscience Biotechnology Inc. Building B18, 2nd Phase of Biomedical Park, #858 Gaoxin Road, Donghu Hi-Tech Development Area, Wuhan, Hubei, Central China.
Specification
Sensitivity: 9.38 pg/mL
Detection Range: 15.63-1000 pg/mL
Specificity: This kit recorgnizes Human IFN-γ in samples. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human IFN-γ and analogues was observed.
Standard Curve Range: linearly dependent coefficient >0.9900
Repeatability: Coefficient of variation is <10>
Storage: 2-8OC
Test principle
IFN-γ ELISA kits also used Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro-ELISA plate provided in the kit was already pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human IFN-γ. Standards or samples were added to the micro-ELISA plate and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human IFN-γ and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate were added to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components were washed away. The substrate was added to each well. The enzyme-substrate reaction was terminated by the addition of stop solution. The optical density (OD) was measured spectrophotometrically at wavelength of 450±2nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human IFN-γ. The concentration of Human IFN-γ in each sample was calculated by comparing the OD of the sample to the standard curve.
Reagent preparation
The kit was brought out from the refrigerator 20 minutes in advance to bring all reagents to room temperature before use. The concentrated wash buffer was diluted to 25 times. The Reference Standard was diluted to different concentrations, and the Biotinylated Detection Ab diluted to 100 times. The 100x Concentrated HRP Conjugated was diluted to 100 times working solution 15 minutes earlier before step before dilution of concentrated wash buffer was completed. The Microplate reader was then pre-heated.
Assay procedure
After all the reagents were brought to room temperature, 100 µL of standard and sample were added to corresponding wells and incubated for 90 minutes at 37oC. Afterwards, the liquid was removed, and 100 µL of Biotinylated Detected Ab added to the wells and incubated for 1 hour at 37oC. The content was removed and washed for 3 times, before adding 100 µL HRP Conjugate, and was incubated for 30 minutes at 37oC. Again, wells were emptied of the liquid and washed for 5 times, before adding 90 µL of Substrate Reagent, and then incubated for 15 minutes at 37oC. Afterwards, 50 µL of Stop Solution was added to the wells, and the OD value determine at 450nm immediately. The results were now calculated.
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Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.
Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.
Dear Ms. Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. “The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews represented the “ideal house” to share with the research community a first experience with the use of the Simeox device for speech rehabilitation. High scientific reputation and attractive website communication were first determinants for the selection of this Journal, and the following submission process exceeded expectations: fast but highly professional peer review, great support by the editorial office, elegant graphic layout. Exactly what a dynamic research team - also composed by allied professionals - needs!" From, Chiara Beccaluva, PT - Italy.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, we have deeply appreciated the professionalism demonstrated by the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The reviewers have extensive knowledge of our field and have been very efficient and fast in supporting the process. I am really looking forward to further collaboration. Thanks. Best regards, Dr. Claudio Ligresti
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. “The peer review process was efficient and constructive, and the editorial office provided excellent communication and support throughout. The journal ensures scientific rigor and high editorial standards, while also offering a smooth and timely publication process. We sincerely appreciate the work of the editorial team in facilitating the dissemination of innovative approaches such as the Bonori Method.” Best regards, Dr. Matteo Bonori.
I recommend without hesitation submitting relevant papers on medical decision making to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I am very grateful to the editorial staff. Maria Emerson was a pleasure to communicate with. The time from submission to publication was an extremely short 3 weeks. The editorial staff submitted the paper to three reviewers. Two of the reviewers commented positively on the value of publishing the paper. The editorial staff quickly recognized the third reviewer’s comments as an unjust attempt to reject the paper. I revised the paper as recommended by the first two reviewers.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Thank you for publishing our case report: "Clinical Case of Effective Fetal Stem Cells Treatment in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder" within the "Journal of Clinical Research and Reports" being submitted by the team of EmCell doctors from Kyiv, Ukraine. We much appreciate a professional and transparent peer-review process from Auctores. All research Doctors are so grateful to your Editorial Office and Auctores Publishing support! I amiably wish our article publication maintained a top quality of your International Scientific Journal. My best wishes for a prosperity of the Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Hope our scientific relationship and cooperation will remain long lasting. Thank you very much indeed. Kind regards, Dr. Andriy Sinelnyk Cell Therapy Center EmCell
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. It was truly a rewarding experience to work with the journal “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. The peer review process was insightful and encouraging, helping us refine our work to a higher standard. The editorial office offered exceptional support with prompt and thoughtful communication. I highly value the journal’s role in promoting scientific advancement and am honored to be part of it. Best regards, Meng-Jou Lee, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital.
Dear Editorial Team, Journal-Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, “Publishing my article with Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions has been a highly positive experience. The peer-review process was rigorous yet supportive, offering valuable feedback that strengthened my work. The editorial team demonstrated exceptional professionalism, prompt communication, and a genuine commitment to maintaining the highest scientific standards. I am very pleased with the publication quality and proud to be associated with such a reputable journal.” Warm regards, Dr. Mahmoud Kamal Moustafa Ahmed
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews’, I appreciate the opportunity to publish my article with your journal. The editorial office provided clear communication during the submission and review process, and I found the overall experience professional and constructive. Best regards, Elena Salvatore.
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews Herewith I confirm an optimal peer review process and a great support of the editorial office of the present journal
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. I am really grateful for the peers review; their feedback gave me the opportunity to reflect on the message and impact of my work and to ameliorate the article. The editors did a great job in addition by encouraging me to continue with the process of publishing.
Dear Cecilia Lilly, Editorial Coordinator, Endocrinology and Disorders, Thank you so much for your quick response regarding reviewing and all process till publishing our manuscript entitled: Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and its Associated Risk Factors Among Nile College Students, Sudan. Best regards, Dr Mamoun Magzoub.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is a high quality journal that has a clear and concise submission process. The peer review process was comprehensive and constructive. Support from the editorial office was excellent, since the administrative staff were responsive. The journal provides a fast and timely publication timeline.
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of the journal IJCCR, I write here a little on my experience as an author submitting to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews (IJCCR). This was my first submission to IJCCR and my manuscript was inherently an outsider’s effort. It attempted to broadly identify and then make some sense of life’s under-appreciated mysteries. I initially had responded to a request for possible submissions. I then contacted IJCCR with a tentative topic for a manuscript. They quickly got back with an approval for the submission, but with a particular requirement that it be medically relevant. I then put together a manuscript and submitted it. After the usual back-and-forth over forms and formality, the manuscript was sent off for reviews. Within 2 weeks I got back 4 reviews which were both helpful and also surprising. Surprising in that the topic was somewhat foreign to medical literature. My subsequent updates in response to the reviewer comments went smoothly and in short order I had a series of proofs to evaluate. All in all, the whole publication process seemed outstanding. It was both helpful in terms of the paper’s content and also in terms of its efficient and friendly communications. Thank you all very much. Sincerely, Ted Christopher, Rochester, NY.
Dear Grace Pierce, Editorial Coordinator of the journal IJCCR, I had a very positive experience with Auctores - Journal throughout the publication process. The Editorial Team was highly responsive, professional, and supportive at every stage. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the Editor: Grace Pierce, for her guidance and assistance. The peer-review process was smooth and constructive, helping improve the quality of my work. I would gladly recommend Auctores Journal to fellow researchers and authors. Dr. SABITA SINHA, Medical Oncologist, MD (Electro Homeopathy).
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of - Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. ''I am pleased to provide this testimonial following the publication of our recent case report in this journal. The peer review process was rigorous, constructive, thorough, and conducted in a timely manner. The reviewers’ comments were thoughtful, detailed, and highly constructive, contributing substantially to the refinement, clarity, and scientific robustness of our manuscript. The process was conducted with professionalism and academic integrity throughout. The support provided by the editorial office was exemplary. Communication was consistently prompt, clear, and courteous at all stages of the submission and publication process. The editorial team demonstrated a high level of organization and responsiveness, ensuring that all queries were addressed efficiently and that the process remained transparent and well-coordinated. The overall quality of the journal is reflected in its strong editorial standards, commitment to scientific excellence, and dedication to publishing clinically meaningful research. It has been a privilege to publish our work in this journal, and we would welcome the opportunity to contribute further in the future.'' Best wishes from, Dr. Efstratios Trogkanis, Cardiologist.
Dear Reader: We have published several articles in the Auctores Publishing, LLC, journal, Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports in recent years (CMRR). This is an ‘open access’ journal and the following are our observations. From the initial invitation to submit an article, to the final edits of galley proofs, we have found CMRR personnel to be professional, responsive, rapid and thorough. This entire process begins with Catherine Mitchell, Editorial Coordinator. She is simply outstanding, and, I believe, unparalleled in her capacity. I cannot imagine a more responsive and dedicated Editorial Coordinator. As I read the dates and timing of her correspondence with us, it seems that she never sleeps. I hope Auctores Publishing, LLC, appreciates her efforts as much as these authors do. Thank you to Auctores Publishing, LLC, to the Editorial Staff/Board, and to Catherine Mitchell from a grateful author(s).
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, What distinguishes International Journal of Clinical Case Report and Review is not only the scientific rigor of its publications, but the intellectual climate in which research is evaluated. The submission process is refreshingly free of unnecessary formal barriers and bureaucratic rituals that often complicate academic publishing without adding real value. The peer-review system is demanding yet constructive, guided by genuine scientific dialogue rather than hierarchical or authoritarian attitudes. Reviewers act as collaborators in improving the manuscript, not as gatekeepers imposing arbitrary standards. This journal offers a rare balance: high methodological standards combined with a respectful, transparent, and supportive editorial approach. In an era where publishing can feel more burdensome than research itself, this platform restores the original purpose of peer review — to refine ideas, not to obstruct them Prof. Perlat Kapisyzi, FCCP PULMONOLOGIST AND THORACIC IMAGING.
