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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/300
1Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State.
2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Imo State University Owerri, Imo State.
3Haematology department, Federal university otuoke, Bayelsa State.
4Whitetouch Diagnostic Centre, Lagos, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: Emeka-Obi Obioma Raluchukwu, Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State.
Citation: Emeka-Obi Obioma Raluchukwu, Ohajiemu N. Rosita, Aloy-Amadi Oluchi C, Jane Ugochi CM, Okpara L. Tobechukwu, (2026), Comprehensive Analysis of The Iron Profile in Hiv-1 And Hiv-2 Infected Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic Services at Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, J. Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, 10(2) DOI:10.31579/2578-8965/300
Copyright: © 2026, Emeka-Obi Obioma Raluchukwu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of The Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 27 January 2026 | Accepted: 13 February 2026 | Published: 27 February 2026
Keywords: iron profile; HIV-1; HIV-2; pregnant women
Changes in iron metabolism are typical in people with HIV, and pregnancy may make these changes even more pronounced. These alterations can have an effect on the health of the mother, the immune system, and the fate of the pregnancy. This study performed a thorough examination of the iron profile in pregnant women infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 who were receiving prenatal care at the Federal Teaching University Hospital, Owerri. There were 60 women in total, 30 of whom were pregnant and had HIV-1 or HIV-2 (the test group) and 30 of whom were not pregnant and were healthy (the control group). Standard laboratory procedures were used to assess serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). We also looked at the iron profile parameters of the HIV-positive pregnant women in each of the three trimesters and how ferritin levels were related to other iron levels. We used t-tests and correlation statistics to look at the data, and p < 0.05 was judged statistically significant. Pregnant women with HIV had far higher levels of serum iron (146.7 ± 74.3 µg/dl vs 67.3 ± 27.5 µg/dl; p = 2.36 × 10⁻⁷), ferritin (327.1 ± 156.3 ng/ml vs 179.2 ± 63.7 ng/ml; p = 0.00024), and transferrin (271.3 ± 58.6 mg/dl vs 209.5 ± 104.7 mg/dl; p = 0.00095) than healthy women. On the other hand, TIBC was much lower in the group with HIV (273.4 ± 47.9 µg/dl versus 372.1 ± 225.9 µg/dl; p = 0.045). Serum iron levels rose considerably from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.021), although ferritin, transferrin, and TIBC exhibited non-significant rising trends. Correlation analysis showed a moderate positive relationship between ferritin and transferrin (r = 0.461, p = 0.011), but no significant links between ferritin and serum iron or TIBC.Pregnant women in Owerri who are infected with HIV-1/2 show big changes in how their bodies use iron. Their serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin levels are all higher, while their TIBC levels are lower. This could mean that iron is being redistributed or that iron is being stored in response to inflammation. The gradual increase in serum iron throughout the trimesters and the notable connection between ferritin and transferrin highlight the necessity for meticulous surveillance of iron status in this demographic to enhance maternal and foetal outcomes.
The simultaneous occurrence of HIV infection and pregnancy constitutes a considerable public health concern, especially in areas with a substantial prevalence of HIV/AIDS. These two situations alone exert significant physiological and immunological stress on women, and when combined, they can markedly elevate the likelihood of unfavourable maternal and foetal outcomes [1]. One of the most serious problems that can happen during pregnancy or with HIV is that iron metabolism can go wrong. This can cause iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) or, in certain situations, too much iron to build up. Iron is necessary for foetal development, immunological function, and erythropoiesis. Therefore, keeping iron levels under check is very important for the health of both the mother and the kid.
Iron deficiency anaemia is still one of the most common nutritional illnesses in the world, and it affects both people with and without HIV. In people with HIV, iron metabolism becomes even more complicated because of long-term immunological activation, ongoing inflammation, and changes in cytokine signalling, all of which make it harder for the body to absorb, transport, store, and use iron [2]. Pregnancy makes this metabolic balance even more difficult since the foetus needs more iron for growth, the placenta needs more iron to grow, and the mother's blood volume has to be larger. Thus, pregnant women with HIV are a particularly vulnerable group with a high risk of iron dysregulation, which can show up as iron insufficiency, functional iron deficiency, or iron excess.
Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of HIV/AIDS in the world. Pregnant women in this area have to deal with both HIV infection and not getting enough nutrients, such iron. Nigeria, in particular, has a lot of HIV incidences in West Africa. About 1.4% of adults aged 15 to 49 have the disease [3]. In this context, Owerri, the capital of Imo State, serves as a pertinent locale for examining the interplay between HIV infection, pregnancy, and iron metabolism, particularly due to the Federal University Teaching Hospital (FUTH)'s function as a principal referral centre for antenatal and HIV care.
Even if antiretroviral therapy and prenatal care have gotten better, pregnant women with HIV still have serious metabolic and haematological problems. Iron deficiency anaemia is still frequent during pregnancy, and it raises the chances of maternal illness, poor foetal growth, preterm birth, and low birth weight. In women with HIV, these risks may be exacerbated by viral-induced inflammation, opportunistic infections, and the impact of antiretroviral medications on iron homeostasis. HIV is known to affect iron homeostasis by overexpressing hepcidin, sequestering iron in macrophages, and changing the way iron transport proteins are made. All of these things can make it harder for the body to make red blood cells, even whether there is enough or too much iron in the body [4].
While the significance of iron status in HIV-infected pregnant women is widely recognised, there is a considerable lack of data from Nigeria, especially from southeastern areas like Owerri. The majority of existing research have concentrated on either HIV-infected non-pregnant adults or pregnant women without distinguishing between HIV status, thereby neglecting the distinct metabolic interactions that occur when both circumstances are present. Moreover, limited research has concurrently assessed other iron indices, including serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), which is essential for a thorough evaluation of iron homeostasis [5].
Consequently, the primary issue examined in this study is the absence of comprehensive and locally pertinent data regarding the iron profile of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected pregnant women receiving prenatal clinic services at the Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri. This study seeks to address this deficiency by methodically assessing critical biochemical indicators of iron metabolism within this demographic. The study aims to quantify blood iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), evaluate the prevalence of iron shortage and overload, and investigate the variations in iron status across the trimesters of pregnancy [6].
Furthermore, this study seeks to elucidate potential disparities in iron metabolism linked to viral subtype by analysing women infected with both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Comprehending these trends is crucial for formulating evidence-based methods to enhance iron supplementation, nutritional assistance, and clinical treatment in HIV-infected pregnant women. Ultimately, this initiative aims to enhance maternal and foetal health outcomes by supplying data that can guide targeted treatments and policy decisions in HIV-endemic areas like Owerri, Nigeria.
Study area
The area for which this research study was carried out was in Owerri. Owerri is the capital of Imo State in Nigeria, set in the heart of Igboland. It is also the state's largest city, followed by Orlu and Okigwe as second and third respectively. Owerri consists of three Local Government Areas including Owerri Municipal, Owerri North and Owerri West, it has an estimated population of about 1,401,873 as of 2016 and is approximately 100 square kilometres (40 sq mi) in area
Study Design
A cross sectional study was conducted in the month of February, 2024. This research study was carried out under the haematology specialty of Medical Laboratory Science Imo State University in collaboration with Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri.
Sample Collection
5mls of blood samples were collected through venipuncture using standard aseptic techniques from participants. Tourniquet was applied to upper forearm of the subjects after assuming a comfortable sitting position. The site chosen for vene-puncture was wiped with 70% alcohol for sterilization. Collection of blood specimens was done using appropriate collection tubes containing anticoagulants (e.g., EDTA, heparin) to prevent coagulation and preserve cellular components. Labeling of each specimen tube with unique identifiers, including participant identification number, date, and time of collection, to ensure accurate sample tracking and documentation shall be.
The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, Imo state.
Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
Those excluded from this research work shall include female patients:
Sample size determination/Calculation
Using sample size formula (Araonye, 2004), sample size need to achieve desired precision of 0.05% with a confidence level of 95% and standard normal deviation corresponding to confidence level 1.960, using a prevalence level of 2%.The study population was recruited from the Federal teaching hospital Owerri and it shall be calculated using the formula below:
Where;
n = the minimum sample size
Z = the standard normal deviation, usually set at 1.960 which corresponds to the 95% confidence interval
P = the assumed prevalence rate in the study area
D = degree of precision required
Q = (1-P)
The required sample size is calculated as follows:
Assumed prevalence = 2.0% = 2/100 = 0.02
Laboratory Analysis
Determination of Serum Ferritin: Serum ferritin measurement is based on the principle that ferritin, a blood cell protein that contains iron, reflects the amount of iron stored in the body. Ferritin is a protein complex consisting of 24 protein subunits that store and release iron in a controlled fashion.
Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) and Transferrin Saturation (TSAT): were determined.Iron profile tests are based on various biochemical and immunochemical principles: Some iron profile tests, such as serum ferritin assays, utilize immunochemical methods to detect and quantify specific proteins or antigens related to iron metabolism. Immunoassays may involve enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) techniques.
Table 4.1: Mean values of Iron profile in HIV ½ infected and non pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Federal University Teaching Hospital
The mean serum iron levels (146.7 ± 74.3 µg/dl) in HIV-infected pregnant women were significantly higher compared to the control group (67.3 ± 27.5 µg/dl), showing a strong statistical difference (t = 6.45, p = 2.36 × 10⁻⁷). Ferritin levels (327.1 ± 156.3 ng/ml) were also significantly elevated in the HIV-infected group compared to the controls (179.2 ± 63.7 ng/ml) (t = 4.09, p = 0.00024). Transferrin levels (271.3 ± 58.6 mg/dl) were notably higher in HIV-infected women compared to the control group (209.5 ± 104.7 mg/dl), and the difference was statistically significant (t = 3.48, p = 0.00095). Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) values, however, were significantly lower in the HIV-infected group (273.4 ± 47.9 µg/dl) compared to the control group (372.1 ± 225.85 µg/dl) (t = -2.08, p = 0.045).
| Parameters | Test N= 30 | Control N=30 | t-value | p-value |
| Serum iron (μg/dl) | 146.7± 74.3 | 67.3± 27.5 | 6.45 | 2.36×10−7* |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 327.1± 156.3 | 179.2± 63.7 | 4.09 | 0.00024* |
| Trans Ferrin (mg/dl) | 271.3± 58.6 | 209.5± 104.7 | 3.48 | 0.00095* |
| TIBC (μg/dl) | 273.4±47.9 | 372.1±225.850 | -2.08 | 0.045* |
Table 4.1: Mean values of Iron profile in HIV ½ infected and non pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Federal University Teaching Hospital (Mean ± S.D)
key:
S.D – Standard deviation
*- Significant p Value
4.2 Mean values of Iron profile in HIV ½ infected women across the trimesters attending antenatal clinic at Federal University Teaching Hospital
Table 4.2 presents the mean values of the iron profile in HIV 1/2-infected pregnant women across different trimesters attending the antenatal clinic at Federal University Teaching Hospital. The mean serum iron levels were found to increase significantly as pregnancy progressed across the trimesters, with the first trimester showing a mean value of 123.9 ± 57.1 µg/dl, the second trimester at 143.1 ± 69.2 µg/dl, and the third trimester at 193.2 ± 73.9 µg/dl. This increase was statistically significant (t = 4.32, p = 0.021). For ferritin levels, although there was an increase from the first trimester (291.9 ± 173.9 ng/ml) to the third trimester (334.8 ± 134.9 ng/ml), the difference was not statistically significant (t = 2.17, p = 0.217). Similarly, transferrin levels showed a non-significant increase across the trimesters, from 244.9 ± 44.1 mg/dl in the first trimester to 264.8 ± 45.9 mg/dl in the third trimester (t = 1.23, p = 0.306). Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) also increased slightly across the trimesters, from 273.9 ± 44.8 µg/dl in the first trimester to 294.8 ± 43.9 µg/dl in the third trimester, but this increase was not statistically significant (t = 0.93, p = 0.403).
| Trimester | Number | First | Second | Third | t value | P-value |
| Serum iron (μg/dl) | 10 | 123.9± 57.1 | 143.1± 69.2 | 193.2± 73.9 | 4.32 | 0.021* |
| Ferritin(ng/ml) | 10 | 291.9± 173.9 | 301.1± 153.9 | 334.8 ± 134.9 | 2.17 | 0.217 |
| Trans Ferrin (mg/dl) | 10 | 244.9± 44.1 | 253.9 ± 40.9 | 264.8 ± 45.9 | 1.23 | 0.306 |
| TIBC (μg/dl) | 10 | 273.9± 44.8 | 283.9± 41.9 | 294.8± 43.9 | 0.93 | 0.403 |
Table 4.2: Mean values of Iron profile in HIV ½ infected women across the trimesters attending antenatal clinic at Federal University Teaching Hospital (Mean ± S.D)
Table 4.3: shows the correlation of serum ferritin with serum iron, TIBC, and transferrin in HIV-infected pregnant women at Federal University Teaching Hospital.
There was a non-significant weak positive correlation between serum ferritin levels and serum iron (r = 0.234, p = 0.218), indicating no significant relationship between these two parameters in the HIV-infected group.
A non-significant weak negative correlation was observed between serum ferritin levels and TIBC (r = -0.039, p = 0.842), suggesting no meaningful association between ferritin and TIBC in the study population.
However, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between serum ferritin levels and transferrin levels (r = 0.461, p = 0.011), indicating that higher ferritin levels were significantly associated with higher transferrin levels in HIV-infected pregnant women.
| Parameters | N | R | p-value |
| Serum iron | 30 | 0.234 | 0.218 |
| Serum TIBC | 30 | -0.039 | 0.842 |
| Transferrin | 30 | 0.461 | 0.011* |
Table 4.3: Correlation of serum ferritin with serum iron/TIBC and transferrin in HIV-infected pregnant women at Federal University Teaching Hospital
Key*= Significant p value
In this investigation, the average blood iron level in HIV-positive pregnant women (146.7 ± 74.3 µg/dl) was markedly elevated compared to the control group (67.3 ± 27.5 µg/dl). This data corroborates with prior research indicating increased serum iron levels in HIV-infected people. In HIV-positive patients, elevated serum iron levels have been noted in comparison to healthy controls, which is attributed to dysregulated iron homeostasis resulting from chronic inflammation. The increased serum iron noted in this study may indicate the cumulative impact of pregnancy and HIV infection on iron homeostasis. Pregnancy raises the body's need for iron, but inflammation caused by HIV can mess up iron management by making iron leave the reticuloendothelial system and making it harder for the body to make red blood cells. This can lead to higher levels of iron in the blood. Nevertheless, there are conflicting reports. Lower serum iron levels have been documented in HIV-infected pregnant women, attributable to malabsorption, persistent immunological activation, and heightened dietary requirements during pregnancy [7]. These variances may indicate variations in nutritional condition, illness progression, or accessibility to antiretroviral medication (ART) [8].
Ferritin levels were markedly higher in HIV-infected pregnant women (327.1 ± 156.3 ng/ml) than in controls (179.2 ± 63.7 ng/ml). Ferritin functions as both a marker of iron reserves and an acute-phase reactant. The increase seen in this study probably indicates persistent inflammation and immunological activation linked to HIV infection. This finding aligns with [9], which indicated elevated ferritin levels in HIV-infected people due to inflammation-induced ferritin production. Increased ferritin levels may indicate iron sequestration inside macrophages, functioning as a defence mechanism against viral reproduction. Nonetheless, decreased ferritin levels have been recorded in HIV-infected pregnant women, indicating iron shortage due to inadequate food intake, chronic sickness, and the heightened iron requirements of pregnancy [10]. These variations underscore the impact of regional, dietary, and clinical factors on iron metabolism in HIV-infected people [12].
In HIV-positive pregnant women, transferrin levels were much higher (271.3 ± 58.6 mg/dl) than in controls (209.5 ± 104.7 mg/dl). Transferrin is the main protein that moves iron around, and higher levels of it mean that iron is being moved and stored more. This observation corresponds with the results of [13], which indicated that HIV infection interferes with iron homeostasis, leading to modified transferrin dynamics to ensure iron supply despite sequestration. Conversely, Ibrahim et al. indicated diminished transferrin levels in HIV-infected people, potentially attributable to compromised hepatic production in advanced stages of the disease. The elevated transferrin levels noted in this study may indicate a compensatory mechanism in response to heightened iron requirements during pregnancy [14].
Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) was considerably diminished in HIV-infected pregnant women compared to controls, signifying a decreased iron-binding ability of plasma. Low TIBC is typical of prolonged inflammation and infection, during which iron is sequestered to restrict its accessibility to pathogens. This observation aligns with reports by [15], which noted reduced TIBC in HIV-infected people attributable to immune-mediated deregulation of iron transport proteins. A decrease in TIBC alongside higher serum iron and ferritin indicates modified iron metabolism, potentially signifying iron overload or impaired iron utilisation.
An analysis conducted across trimesters indicated a notable elevation in serum iron levels from the first to the third trimester. This pattern aligns with the rising mobilisation of iron to satisfy the demands of the foetus and mother as pregnancy advances. Nevertheless, ferritin, transferrin, and TIBC exhibited no statistically significant alterations, indicating that while circulating iron levels rise, iron reserves and transport capacity remain comparatively steady during pregnancy in HIV-infected women [16].
The substantial positive correlation between ferritin and transferrin (r = 0.461, p = 0.011) indicates a synchronised response between iron storage and transport mechanisms in HIV-infected pregnant women. Nonetheless, the limited link between ferritin and serum iron, along with the absence of an association with TIBC, suggests that ferritin may not accurately predict iron availability or binding capacity in this population due to the confounding effects of inflammation [17].
This study shows that pregnant women with HIV-1 and HIV-2 who go to the Federal University Teaching Hospital in Owerri have big changes in how their bodies use iron. High levels of serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin, together with low levels of TIBC, suggest that iron homeostasis is out of balance. This is probably due to persistent inflammation and metabolic problems caused by HIV. These results show how pregnancy, HIV infection, and iron metabolism all affect one other in a complicated way. This shows how important it is to keep a close eye on patients to avoid iron-related problems like functional iron deficiency or iron overload.
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Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.
Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.
Dear Ms. Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. “The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews represented the “ideal house” to share with the research community a first experience with the use of the Simeox device for speech rehabilitation. High scientific reputation and attractive website communication were first determinants for the selection of this Journal, and the following submission process exceeded expectations: fast but highly professional peer review, great support by the editorial office, elegant graphic layout. Exactly what a dynamic research team - also composed by allied professionals - needs!" From, Chiara Beccaluva, PT - Italy.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, we have deeply appreciated the professionalism demonstrated by the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The reviewers have extensive knowledge of our field and have been very efficient and fast in supporting the process. I am really looking forward to further collaboration. Thanks. Best regards, Dr. Claudio Ligresti
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. “The peer review process was efficient and constructive, and the editorial office provided excellent communication and support throughout. The journal ensures scientific rigor and high editorial standards, while also offering a smooth and timely publication process. We sincerely appreciate the work of the editorial team in facilitating the dissemination of innovative approaches such as the Bonori Method.” Best regards, Dr. Matteo Bonori.
I recommend without hesitation submitting relevant papers on medical decision making to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I am very grateful to the editorial staff. Maria Emerson was a pleasure to communicate with. The time from submission to publication was an extremely short 3 weeks. The editorial staff submitted the paper to three reviewers. Two of the reviewers commented positively on the value of publishing the paper. The editorial staff quickly recognized the third reviewer’s comments as an unjust attempt to reject the paper. I revised the paper as recommended by the first two reviewers.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Thank you for publishing our case report: "Clinical Case of Effective Fetal Stem Cells Treatment in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder" within the "Journal of Clinical Research and Reports" being submitted by the team of EmCell doctors from Kyiv, Ukraine. We much appreciate a professional and transparent peer-review process from Auctores. All research Doctors are so grateful to your Editorial Office and Auctores Publishing support! I amiably wish our article publication maintained a top quality of your International Scientific Journal. My best wishes for a prosperity of the Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Hope our scientific relationship and cooperation will remain long lasting. Thank you very much indeed. Kind regards, Dr. Andriy Sinelnyk Cell Therapy Center EmCell
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. It was truly a rewarding experience to work with the journal “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. The peer review process was insightful and encouraging, helping us refine our work to a higher standard. The editorial office offered exceptional support with prompt and thoughtful communication. I highly value the journal’s role in promoting scientific advancement and am honored to be part of it. Best regards, Meng-Jou Lee, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital.
Dear Editorial Team, Journal-Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, “Publishing my article with Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions has been a highly positive experience. The peer-review process was rigorous yet supportive, offering valuable feedback that strengthened my work. The editorial team demonstrated exceptional professionalism, prompt communication, and a genuine commitment to maintaining the highest scientific standards. I am very pleased with the publication quality and proud to be associated with such a reputable journal.” Warm regards, Dr. Mahmoud Kamal Moustafa Ahmed
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews’, I appreciate the opportunity to publish my article with your journal. The editorial office provided clear communication during the submission and review process, and I found the overall experience professional and constructive. Best regards, Elena Salvatore.
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews Herewith I confirm an optimal peer review process and a great support of the editorial office of the present journal
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. I am really grateful for the peers review; their feedback gave me the opportunity to reflect on the message and impact of my work and to ameliorate the article. The editors did a great job in addition by encouraging me to continue with the process of publishing.
Dear Cecilia Lilly, Editorial Coordinator, Endocrinology and Disorders, Thank you so much for your quick response regarding reviewing and all process till publishing our manuscript entitled: Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and its Associated Risk Factors Among Nile College Students, Sudan. Best regards, Dr Mamoun Magzoub.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is a high quality journal that has a clear and concise submission process. The peer review process was comprehensive and constructive. Support from the editorial office was excellent, since the administrative staff were responsive. The journal provides a fast and timely publication timeline.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, What distinguishes International Journal of Clinical Case Report and Review is not only the scientific rigor of its publications, but the intellectual climate in which research is evaluated. The submission process is refreshingly free of unnecessary formal barriers and bureaucratic rituals that often complicate academic publishing without adding real value. The peer-review system is demanding yet constructive, guided by genuine scientific dialogue rather than hierarchical or authoritarian attitudes. Reviewers act as collaborators in improving the manuscript, not as gatekeepers imposing arbitrary standards. This journal offers a rare balance: high methodological standards combined with a respectful, transparent, and supportive editorial approach. In an era where publishing can feel more burdensome than research itself, this platform restores the original purpose of peer review — to refine ideas, not to obstruct them Prof. Perlat Kapisyzi, FCCP PULMONOLOGIST AND THORACIC IMAGING.
Dear Grace Pierce, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews I appreciate the opportunity to review for Auctore Journal, as the overall editorial process was smooth, transparent and professionally managed. This journal maintains high scientific standards and ensures timely communications with authors, which is truly commendable. I would like to express my special thanks to editor Grace Pierce for his constant guidance, promt responses, and supportive coordination throughout the review process. I am also greatful to Eleanor Bailey from the finance department for her clear communication and efficient handling of all administrative matters. Overall, my experience with Auctore Journal has been highly positive and rewarding. Best regards, Sabita sinha
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of the journal IJCCR, I write here a little on my experience as an author submitting to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews (IJCCR). This was my first submission to IJCCR and my manuscript was inherently an outsider’s effort. It attempted to broadly identify and then make some sense of life’s under-appreciated mysteries. I initially had responded to a request for possible submissions. I then contacted IJCCR with a tentative topic for a manuscript. They quickly got back with an approval for the submission, but with a particular requirement that it be medically relevant. I then put together a manuscript and submitted it. After the usual back-and-forth over forms and formality, the manuscript was sent off for reviews. Within 2 weeks I got back 4 reviews which were both helpful and also surprising. Surprising in that the topic was somewhat foreign to medical literature. My subsequent updates in response to the reviewer comments went smoothly and in short order I had a series of proofs to evaluate. All in all, the whole publication process seemed outstanding. It was both helpful in terms of the paper’s content and also in terms of its efficient and friendly communications. Thank you all very much. Sincerely, Ted Christopher, Rochester, NY.
