Comparison of anxiety, stress and depression during menstruation and cleanliness of girls of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Review ariticle | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1897/211

Comparison of anxiety, stress and depression during menstruation and cleanliness of girls of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

  • Jaafar Talebeian Sharif

Department of Psychology, Hekmat Razavi Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran.

*Corresponding Author: Jaafar Talebeian Sharif, Department of Psychology, Hekmat Razavi Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran.

Citation: Jaafar T. Sharif, (2024), Comparison of anxiety, stress and depression during menstruation and cleanliness of girls of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, J, Surgical Case Reports and Images, 7(7); DOI:10.31579/2690-1897/211

Copyright: © 2024, Jaafar Talebeian Sharif. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 12 July 2024 | Accepted: 26 July 2024 | Published: 02 August 2024

Keywords: premenstrual syndrome; severity of the syndrome; stress; anxiety; depression

Abstract

Premenstrual boredom disorder is one of the types of mood disorders. 80 to 30 percent of women experience it mildly and 10 to 2 percent experience it severely. The cause of this disorder is not known, but one of the most common theories about it is the high ratio of estrogen to progesterone. The symptoms of the disorder appear mostly in the form of despair, restlessness, emotional instability, anger and physical complaints (headache, breast tenderness and edema). The present study is a comparison with anxiety, stress and depression during menstruation and purity. For this purpose, a sample of 200 unmarried girls of Ferdowsi University was selected and the subjects answered two questionnaires (1- Menstrual symptoms according to DSM-IV2 - the DASS test, which measures the level of anxiety, stress and depression) answered. With the information obtained, we reached the conclusion that among the 200 people in the sample of this research, 47.5% were in the age group of 19 years and 5 50% of them were non-native and 43% of them were middle children (they were not the first and last children). and 61 people (30.5%) during menstruation.

The amount of stress, anxiety and depression in women who were experiencing menstruation was significantly higher than women who were in clean days.

Introduction

Depression, anxiety and stress are as old as human history and there are few people who have not felt them (Madadi and Lavasani, 1377, p. 62). Depression is not limited to a certain time, but it is a reaction to stress and it is a state that can happen to anyone at any time and place. It can be safely said that half of adults have suffered from this condition at some point in their lives, and unfortunately, the majority of this population was not aware of their depression and is not (Porafkari, 2011, p. 35). Anxiety causes physiological changes in the body and makes the body alert and ready for intense physical activity and causes some bodily processes to be stimulated and some others inhibited. Usually, due to anxiety, the cardiovascular system is stimulated. The heart beats faster, the blood pressure stays the same or increases. The liver secretes sugar. Adrenal glands produce epinephrine. The action of the digestive system (stomach and intestines) is inhibited and its secretions and smoky movements are reduced. These physical adaptations to anxiety make the organism ready for activity (Keldeberg, 2012). The type of stress that is common among the people of our country today is lifestyle stress or personality type A. This lifestyle can be seen in the behavior of about 30-40% of people in the society. People who show this lifestyle in their behavior have a low quality of life. In other words, their daily actions are performed only in the form of duty and devoid of pleasure (Hassanzadeh, 2014). In this research, we are trying to compare stress, anxiety and depression during menstruation and the cleanliness of girls of Ferdowsi Menstruation Court.

History

Hippocrates was the first person to propose the association between the menstrual cycle and behavioral changes; In the 4th century BC, he proposed a feeling of headache and heaviness before menstruation, and his premise was that the symptoms are caused by anxious blood, which is looking for a way out (Hemti Gorgani, 2008). In 1931, Frank first defined premenstrual syndrome. He gained credibility by using the term premenstrual action and paying attention to the increase in epileptic activity in the late luteal phase in a group of women with epileptic disorders, who were recovering with the onset of heavy menstrual bleeding (ibid).

In the same year 1931, a psychoanalyst named Karen Hammy stated that this syndrome is the result of sexual desire and power (Clock 1985). However, premenstrual syndrome as a broad diagnostic concept was first introduced in 1953 by Green and Dalton in the form of recurrent symptoms. During the pre-menstrual phase or the first days of menstruation, it was suggested that these symptoms are completely removed in the post-menstrual phase (Qarakhani, 2013). This syndrome was later described in 1987 under the name of late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD) by the American Psychiatric Association and in 1992 with the addition of other symptoms such as being out of control under the name of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in the DSM classification. IV was included. Puberty and menstruation When a girl reaches puberty (usually between the ages of 8 and 13), her body and mind begin to change in many ways. Hormones initiate new physical growth in the body, for example breasts begin to grow. About 2 to 2.5 years after the start of breast development, the first menstrual bleeding occurs in a girl. About 6 months before the start of the first menstrual period, the girl may notice an increase in discharge from her genital tract, which is a common problem among girls, and she should not worry about it unless the discharge is very foul-smelling or itchy. The first menstruation occurs when all parts of the female reproductive system are mature and can work together. Baby girls are born with ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes (tubes that extend from the uterus to the ovaries on both sides). The ovaries are egg-shaped and are located on both sides of the uterus in the lower abdomen, which is called the pelvis, and contain thousands of eggs. Two ovarian tubes (fallopian), thin tubes and They are long, just like a string of pasta (though slightly thicker) with a hole in it. The uterus is in the shape of an upside-down pear, which is located in the middle of the pelvis. After the fetus is complete, the uterus, with its strong muscles, sends the fetus out, and thus the fetus passes through the vagina (the organ that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body). it is found) comes out of the body and thus the baby is born. Therefore, at the beginning of a girl's menstrual period, every month a small egg - very small that cannot be seen with the eye - is released from the ovary, which is called ovulation. The egg enters the fallopian tubes and travels to the uterus. If during this process the egg is fertilized by a male sperm, an egg is created, and the egg goes to the uterus and implants there, and by sticking to the uterine wall, it begins to grow and grow until it becomes a full-fledged baby at the end of 9 months. to be If the egg does not come into contact with the sperm - a problem that happens in most menstrual cycles - the egg is not fertilized and is expelled from the body. In this case, the uterus, which had prepared itself to receive a fertilized egg and by adding mucus, prepared itself for egg implantation, will return to its original state when the egg is not formed (the egg is not fertilized), and for this purpose, the mucus and tissue The excess of the uterus begins to fall. The shedding of tissue and mucus that is bloody is the same as menstrual bleeding. It should be noted that, as explained, menstrual bleeding does not only include blood, but also extra tissue and bloody mucus that is shed from the uterus. These events happen once a month (Nikkho, 2013).

Premenstrual syndrome

The word syndrome, which is translated as syndrome in some Persian sources and refers to a set of symptoms that may occur in a person, so it is not always considered to mean a specific disorder or disease. Premenstrual syndrome is a set of symptoms that may appear physically or mentally a few days before menstruation. This syndrome is a common disorder among women who are of reproductive age and appears cyclically in the luteal phase of their sexual cycle and disappears with the onset of bleeding (Qarakhani, 1379). And it includes a set of physical, psychological and behavioral changes and symptoms that sometimes destroy the social relationships of women and prevent them from doing daily activities. This disorder is only diagnosed in a woman when firstly the mentioned symptoms are clearly related to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, secondly these symptoms subside immediately after the onset of menstrual bleeding, thirdly these symptoms are different from the symptoms and psychological symptoms that probably existed in the past, and lastly, that the symptoms of this disorder cause significant disturbances in the daily functions of the patient (Nikkho, 2013). In the revision of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders (DSM-IV), premenstrual syndrome was used to define the nature, intensity, and timing of premenstrual emotional and psychological symptoms that harm a person's activities. Most women suffer from physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of premenstrual syndrome with different intensity and nature; This syndrome arises from the periodic appearance of one or more symptoms from a large set of symptoms, just before menstruation, to a degree that disrupts the person's way of working or living, followed by a period without any symptoms. symptoms (Andrzej Miewica 2006). Types of menstruation
- Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstruation or dysmenorrhea is one of the most common problems of women and it is seen in about 50% of women during menstruation. Types of dysmenorrhea are primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea (Sarmi, 2014).

Hypotheses of premenstrual syndrome Today's medicine generally proposes 3 basic hypotheses more than other hypotheses for the occurrence of PMS, which include the hypothesis of ovarian hormones, the hypothesis of endogenous morphine or beta-endorphin, and the psychosocial hypothesis. In the hypothesis of ovarian hormones, the occurrence of PMS is considered to be caused by an imbalance in the ratio of estrogen to progesterone and a relative lack of progesterone. This hypothesis was presented by Dalton. He believed that PMS is caused by a lack of estrogen, and as a result, he treated his patients with estrogen suppositories. New studies about estrogen levels in women with PMS have given inconclusive and ambiguous results due to the difficulties in the investigation methods. These difficulties include the lack of fixed diagnostic criteria, the lack of available control groups suitable for the subjects under study to compare them, the lack of daily recording of premenstrual symptoms, and the inconsistent duration and severity of symptoms. In the hypothesis of beta-endorphin (which is one of Dorenzad's morphines), it is stated that during the late follicular phase and early or mid-luteal phase, women with PMS become "addicted" to beta-endorphin within themselves. When beta-endorphin levels drop rapidly in the late luteal phase, the patient experiences signs or symptoms similar to withdrawal from opiates. These symptoms include depression, irritability, increased appetite, etc. The psychosocial hypothesis of PMS was presented by Ravan Kavan. This group of behavioral science experts believe that PMS is a self-conscious manifestation of a woman's problems regarding her femininity and maternal emotions. According to psychoanalysts, the physical changes before menstruation remind the woman that she is not pregnant and therefore has not fulfilled her traditional role of femininity. Although many experts with a psychoanalytic or psychoanalytical attitude agree that it is not possible to prove this hypothesis with scientific methods!! (Hemti Gorgani, 2008).

Diagnostic 

Criteria Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and boredomPre-menstruation varies from person to person and appears in different ways, ranging from mild to moderate and up to disability. Taking into account people's reports of their own unique situation, more than a hundred symptoms have been identified for this syndrome, that's why this disease is called the disease of a thousand faces.

It should be noted that the symptoms are temporary and related to the menstrual cycle and begin during the last week of the luteal phase and end with the onset of menstrual bleeding. These symptoms are periodic and exist in at least two cycles of menstruation and interfere with work or communication and usual activities of a person, in premenstrual boredom they may even prevent work and activity (Nikkho, 2013).

Major signs and symptoms (PMS) can be seen in the following categories: 

A) Physical symptoms and pains

b) Psychological symptoms 

Although if these symptoms occur severely and cause disturbances in the person's behavior and life, it is (PMDD), but according to the report of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV-TR), to diagnose (PMDD), there must be at least five of the

following symptoms and include one of the main symptoms (the first four symptoms).

1- Depressed mood

2- Anxiety and tension

3- Extreme mood swings

4- Anger, irritability and intense anger

5- Lack of interest in daily activities

6-Feeling sleepy, tired and lack of concentration

7- Severe changes in appetite

8-Severe changes in sleep

9- Feeling of failure, frustration and being out of control of life 

10- Physical symptoms 

The severity of these symptoms is measured by degrees of occupational or social impairment, which should be considered severe (Kaplan, 2000).

Prevalence and frequency of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoria

The prevalence of PMS has been reported to vary between 20 and 90% in different studies due to the variation in symptoms and severity and differences in measurement methods.

Regarding the prevalence of this disorder in Iran, there is no comprehensive information available, the available reports indicate scattered researches that have mainly examined the prevalence based on (IV-DSM). In one case, 66.5% of high schools in Kerman assessed PMS, and 37.6% reported moderate to severe symptoms.

In another case, among high school girls in Kermanshah, the frequency of PMS was 41.5% and the frequency of symptoms (PMDD) was 9.4%.

In the research reports that were conducted among the students of Tarbiat Moalem University, the frequency (PMS) of 98.2 was reported; And in the studies of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 48.1% of students had the criteria of premenstrual syndrome.

Etiology and etiology

Most doctors believe that the hormonal balance of estrogen and progesterone is the most likely cause of this disease. (Crody-weliky TA 2003)
It should be noted that although menstruation is a biological procedure, it should be noted immediately that it is placed in a continuous dialectic with psychological and communication conditions. In the meantime, attention should be paid to the mediating role of a person's biological, emotional and cognitive backgrounds. A person's psychological experience includes a range of symptoms that may have different manifestations depending on environmental and individual conditions (Bahrami, Azarian 2017).

Among the possible causes of PMS, the following factors can be mentioned:

1) Chemical changes in the brain: serotonergic theory and brain serotonin deficiency in premenstrual period

2) Hormonal changes: disturbing the hormonal balance of estrogen and progesterone during this period

3) Psychological causes and metacognitive beliefs

4) Deficiency of vitamins: especially vitamins D, B6, E and calcium

5) Prolactin increase

6) Cut off endogenous endorphins

7) Glucose absorption by cells during premenstrual period

8) The influence of genes in this syndrome (same).

While the main cause of PMS has not been determined, it can be said that the main reason is the disruption of the body's hormonal interaction. Estrogen increase and progesterone decrease, fluid accumulation in the body, blood prolactin increase, vitamin B6 deficiency, blood sugar deficiency and decrease or increase of a substance called prostagmins, sensitivity to male hormones, psychological problems, thyroid gland disorder and decrease in messengers. Nervous disorders can be one of the causes of PMS. Of course, the inheritance factor is also involved in the severity and weakness of this syndrome and is effective. (ibid.)
Treatment and solutions to reduce premenstrual syndrome

Since the main cause of premenstrual syndrome is not known, there is no single treatment for this disorder. Therefore, efforts have been made in the direction of drug and non-drug treatment, some of which have been successful. The treatment is usually based on identifying the symptom that bothers the person the most, and the choice of treatment is also a symptom. In general, the treatments effective in reducing premenstrual syndrome can be included in two groups of drug and non-drug treatments.
- Pharmaceutical interventions: taking vitamin B6, taking calcium, taking vitamin E, taking fluoxetine and diuretics (spronolactone), mefenamic acid, gamma, linoleic acid

acid, GnRH agonists, contraceptive pills, danazol, alprazolam, nutritional supplements and vitamins, herbal medicines, danazol and placebos
- Non-pharmacological interventions:

Proper nutrition and diet, paying attention to the medication regimen during the menstrual period can be effective in reducing the incidence of PMS symptoms. During menstruation, it is better to reduce the size of each meal and on the contrary, increase the number of meals. This issue is very effective in reducing digestive discomfort and bloating caused by menstruation. Paying attention to the consumption of fruits and vegetables is also effective in reducing symptoms.

The increase in the consumption of carbohydrates in food causes an increase in the ratio of tryptophan amino acid to neutral amino acids in blood circulation and as one of the precursors of serotonin.

It is necessary to increase its level and as a result improve the mood in people. (Ahmadi Zare, 1385).

Herbal treatment and reduction of PMS symptoms

To reduce the amount of symptoms caused by premenstrual syndrome, they have introduced plants that can be somewhat useful for the aforementioned purpose due to the absence of chemicals in them. There is a plant called Vitex Agnus Castus, which in Farsi is called five fingers plant, and this plant is even known as women's plant due to its significant effects in regulating female hormones. It has been proven that this plant can affect the glands due to its special compounds and control the secretion of hormones through the secretion of hormones by these glands and as a result eliminate female disorders and also due to the presence of substances similar to The hormone present in this plant provides and regulates the hormone needed by people with hormonal disorders

Stress

Stress is the physical, mental and emotional reactions that are experienced as a result of the changes and needs of a person's life. Changes can be big or small. People's responses to life changes are different. Positive stress can be a motivator while negative stress can be created when these changes and needs defeat a person (Kahana, Girija, 2012).

Anxiety

A very unpleasant and often vague feeling of anxiety that is accompanied by one or more physical sensations such as a feeling of emptying of the heart or shortness of breath and chest, heart palpitations, sweating, etc. (definition from the website of the American Psychological Association).

Depression

Depression is a continuous and stable mood change that can include different aspects of a person's life. Depression is characterized by feelings of guilt, feelings of worthlessness, feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, sadness, frequent doubts about one's own sufficiency and ability, etc. Depression is the most common mental disorder (McNazi, 2013).
Is there premenstrual depression?

This is so controversial that the DSM-IV committee included "premenstrual dysphoric disorder" in its appendix because, in the committee's opinion, this disorder still needs further study. The characteristics of this disorder are:

In most periods of the last year, emotional changes occur before menstruation, which decrease with the onset of menstruation.
and at least five symptoms, including emotional instability, anger, tension, depression, low interest, fatigue, feeling of weakness, difficulty swallowing, changes in appetite, high sensitivity to rejection, changes in sleep, physical symptoms, serious impairment at work with social function due to signs.

In total, at least 40% of adult women suffer from some of these premenstrual symptoms, most of these women evaluate the above symptoms as mild and are not harmed by them, but about 2 to 10% evaluate them as severe. This group may suffer significantly from them. In this collection, depression is a prominent symptom. In a study conducted on 335 women, it was found that 145 of them had the criteria for increased symptoms of premenstrual depression (Halbridge, Endcott, Oney, 1983).

Research method

The data was analyzed with Spss-16 software and using descriptive statistics methods.

Statistical society, sample and sampling method

The target population of this research is unmarried girls of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, whose age is between 18 and 23. The sample size of this research was 200 people, and the samples were randomly selected from 3 different faculties (educational sciences, literature, theology).

Measuring tool

In this research, we used two types of questionnaires:

1- PMS symptom questionnaire according to DSM-IV-TR

2- DASS questionnaire

Statistical analysis method

The subjects had to choose one of the answers that were presented in four levels (not at all-a little-a lot-a lot). In this test, as in the previous test, there are no wrong questions, and the person must mark one of the states according to his position for each question. The most common cases of occurrence of position symptoms are marked by too many position symptoms and not having any position symptoms at all.

Score mode row

1 not at all 0

2 low 1

3 a lot 2

4 too much 3

In the scoring stage, each of the questions of anxiety, stress and depression indicators were scored separately, for example, a person scored 5 on the anxiety scale, 5 on the stress scale, and 6 on the depression scale. The data in Finally, it was analyzed through descriptive statistics tests.

Conclusion

In general, with the results of the present study, we can emphasize the high prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in students, according to many other domestic and foreign studies, and the need to pay attention to such a problem, which consumes about a quarter of the useful time of one of the most important sections of the society. The dynamics of their ages is involved. Another important point is the lack of a national measurement tool that can evaluate equivalent concepts of the definition of this disorder at the country level and it should be prepared with the consensus of experts and mostly a national plan to avoid many contradictory results that can cause disruption in any Planning in the country should be prevented.

According to the investigations carried out in this study, the information of which was obtained through two questionnaires (the first questionnaire, the PMS symptoms questionnaire according to DSM-IV-TR and the second questionnaire, the DASS questionnaire, which measures the levels of stress, anxiety and depression) According to research hypotheses including:
• The amount of stress, anxiety and depression during menstruation is significantly higher than during normal days.

We got these results that;

Among the 200 people sampled in this research, 47.5% were 19 years old and 50.5% of them were non-native, and 43 in

100 of them were the middle children of the family (they were not the first and last children). It should be mentioned that among the 200 people in the sample, 139 people (69.5%) are in the clean period and 61 people (30.5%) are in the menstrual period.

The amount of stress in menstruating women was significantly higher than that of women who were clean.

The level of anxiety in women who were experiencing menstruation was significantly higher than women who were in clean days.

The level of depression in menstruating women was significantly higher than in women who were clean.

The higher the level of boredom before menstruation, the higher the level of stress, anxiety and depression. By comparing the level of anxiety, stress and depression with menstruation and purity in Ferdowsi University girls, the result is that the average level of boredom during menstruation is 13 18.18 and during purity 13.99, the average amount of stress during menstruation is 11.70 and during purity 6.56. The average depression during menstruation is 11.21 and during purity is 4.94. The average anxiety during menstruation is 11.39 and during menstruation is 4.02, which indicates that the level of stress, anxiety and depression is higher during menstruation and before.

Through a comparison between the research obtained with other studies conducted in this field, it was determined that there is a correlation between premenstrual boredom and factors affecting the individual and social life processes, including stress, anxiety and depression, nutrition, sexual desire. , counseling, drugs, sports programs, psychological beliefs, there is a significant relationship that can affect the symptoms of the syndrome in a positive or negative way.

References

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

img

Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

img

Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

img

Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

img

Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

img

Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

img

Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

img

Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

img

Dr Susan Weiner