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Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8876/023
1 Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, University of Maragheh, Iran.
*Corresponding Author: Mansour Binandeh, Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, University of Maragheh, Iran. Email : mansurstrong@gmail.com
Citation: Mansour Binandeh, Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles with structure of Core-Shell, as bactericidal. J Immunology
and Inflammation Diseases Therapy. DOI: 10.31579/2637-8876/023
Copyright: © 2018 Mansour Binandeh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of The Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Received: 11 April 2018 | Accepted: 25 April 2018 | Published: 02 May 2018
Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles; antibacterial property; silica-coated; electrostatic bonding; EDX analysis
Initially, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) Fe3O4 are synthesized by a chemical correlation method and its core / shell structure is detected using SEM, FT-IR analysis. The purpose of this production was to use the nanoparticle performance level in the absorption of antibiotics, namely, ampicillin (amp). Absorption sampling was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the results indicate that the absorbance of the ampere increases to 85%. The bond between these two is electrostatic bonding, which was confirmed by EDX analysis. Ultimately, this compound was used for the antibacterial process. In this case, the MNP-amp compound was added in a natural amount of 20 μl a bacterial culture pattern overnight (In-vitro). The results showed that 95% of the bacteria were killed (confirmation of antibacterial properties of MNP). Therefore, it can be transmitted intentionally by controlling the magnetic field into living cells for the destruction of pathogenic bacteria.
The medical use of magnetic powders dates back to ancient Greece and Rome, but as a systematic study of the biological and medical sciences of the 1970s, predicted that the particles used in the future would be vital to human health. Based on nanotechnology, a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications are facilitated in diseases such as cancer, heart disease and the nervous system. Magnetic nanoparticles are used for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and the common drug-based frequency between the ligand and the receptor is a magnet that involves intense exertion or certain magnetic absorption due to high performance of intelligent control of the therapeutic factors in the desired tissue particle and is very important. Therefore, the magnetic carrier loses access to them [1].
Use of magnetic nanoparticles of magnetite has anti-bacterial properties
Magnetic nanoparticles are used in important biological applications, including separation and diagnosis of biomagnetic (cells, proteins, DNAs, nucleic acids, enzymes, microbes, etc.). For clinical diagnosis and treatment such as magnetic photography probes [2]. The label of nearly half a century of magnetic nanoparticles of magnetite as a strong choice has been applied therapeutically (in terms of laboratory) [3]. Magnetic nanoparticles have a large surface that has high chemical activity. The size and surface of nanoparticles play an important role in their biological application. Therefore, it is unusual to increase the microbial resistance to healthy antibiotics protected by magnetic nanoparticles, reducing the size of magnetic nanoparticles with certain chemical and physical agents that are of interest to scientists [4] and some advanced methods for controlling the size of magnetic nanoparticles is based on the proper design and functionality of their optimal performance and their control with wide application in the industry as an antibacterial in physics-biology. Active antibiotics on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles, due to their small particle size and high surface area, allow nanoparticles, viruses, fungi and membrane bacteria to interact. In this project, magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4@SiO2 with a core/shell structure of 20nm scale are provided. The nanoparticle surface has a high performance for absorbing biological molecules. Therefore, surface absorption of ampicillin (amp) antibiotics has reached a complete stabilization on its surface (scheme).
Scheme:
A representation of ampicillin-loaded with magnetic nanoparticles
Experimental: Synthesis of silica-coated with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles
Different mechanisms have been designed for the synthesis of hollow magnetite microspheres [5, 6-9]. Chemical Co-precipitation also one of the easiest and most convenient method of synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles with core/shell structure. The method is determined by the following formula M the same amount of iron salts (II).
M2+ + 8OH- + 2 Fe3+ MFe2O4 + 4H2O
Therefore, the sample salts containing iron ratios with a ratio of 1 to 2 (150 mM FeCl2.4H2O and 300 mM Fe (NO3)3.9H2O) were dissolved in distilled water.
Results:
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticle coated with silica
Chemical composition was used to prepare magnetic nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3O4) with metal oxide of Fe2+, Fe3+. After the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles, silica particles (SiO2) were used in addition to the additional additive to prevent the oxidation of magnetic nanoparticles by air and also as a coating for increasing the functional level of nanoparticles for chemical reactions. The size of nanoparticles should be made at a scale of 1 to 100 nm to be useful for use in biomedical fields. To investigate and detect the structure of magnetic nanoparticles, a series of analyzes such as TEM, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, etc. are used. In this project, SEM analysis is used to stabilize the structure of magnetic nanoparticles. Analytical SEM provides analysis of a series of images of magnetic nanoparticles with core / shell structure. In the illustration, is the size of a nanoparticle that is 100 nm, but for biomedical applications it should be 20 nm. Thus, the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles decreased by 20 nm (figure 1).
Figure 1.
SEM analysis of the morphology Core/Shell structure of magnetic nanoparticles
Adsorption studies
As the title of the project shows, I tested the stability of ampicillin antibiotics on Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, using the other researchers/comments and the results of my experiments, I found a fundamental result. As you know, magnetic nanoparticles and their magnetic properties can be controlled remotely with an external magnetic field. Previously, favorite biomolecules (amp) should be in response to MNPs, which should be a link between two. The most important thing is that the phenomenon of ampicillin absorption in MNPs is an electrostatic bond that was performed by EDX analysis and eventually proved to be bonded [11].
Results of ampicillin loaded onto magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@SiO2 by spectrophotometry
The absorption evaluation ampicillin on magnetic nanoparticles, the amount of 1µg. ml-1 ampicillin is standard was developed by Bradford formula (A=2, C=1µg. ml-1). Which is defined as follows;
1) C=50.A (OD)/100
In formulas 50 and 100 there are fixed numbers and A (absorbance). The amount of A (OD) (absorbance value as well as by Beer lambert's law) [12] can be analyzed using spectrophotometric analysis. Beer Lambert's law states that part of the light after coloring with glass solution, absorption, and other passes. Continue with the device with a spectrophotometer, 20 mg of magnetic nanoparticles added to 100 μg. ml-1 ampicillin solution Absorption of ampicillin was increased on nanoparticles (i.e. attracting top 85%) (figure 2).
The overall conclusion of this project, the nanoparticles prepared in terms of crystallography in good standing that has a particle size appropriate, then try using a functional magnetic nanoparticles level in the absorption of biomolecules (i.e. ampicillin). In addition to working on concentration suitable ampicillin to attract on nanoparticles was (100µg. ml-1), by the electrostatic bond. Absorption of ampicillin was increased on nanoparticles (i.e. attracting top 85%) as well as a stabilization time (108hr). Finally, experiments on bacteria were able to achieve satisfactory results achieved shown that magnetic nanoparticles with the presence of ampicillin powerful antibacterial lot (which amount to up 95%), as well as MNPs alone, has antibacterial properties (the top 70%), respectively. I hope my work can be suitable in the killing of diseases of bacteria on living cells.
MNPs-amp: magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@SiO2-ampicillin, SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope
FT-IR: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, EDX: Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.
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