AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
case report | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/070
Department of Psychiatry, Azerbaijan Medical University
*Corresponding Author: Karimova R.Z, Department of Psychiatry, Azerbaijan Medical University
Citation: Karimova R.Z, (2022) Antipsychotics For Psychosis In People With Vascular Dementia. General medicine and Clinical Practice, 5(4); DOI: 10.31579/2639-4162/070
Copyright: © 2022 Karimova R.Z, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 28 June 2022 | Accepted: 22 July 2022 | Published: 12 August 2022
Keywords: vascular dementia; psychotic symptoms; delusions; hallucinations; neuroleptics
In the clinic of dementia, not only cognitive, but also non-cognitive disorders are observed. In the treatment of these symptoms, the use of antipsychotics is necessary. As the etiology and pathogenesis of vascular dementia, which is a type of dementia, is multifactorial, it requires more careful treatment while treating with antipsychotics. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of neuroleptics used in the treatment of psychotic disorders in vascular dementia. This article describes which symptoms respond best to antipsychotic treatment and which side effects are more common during treatment. The study showed that psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations), which are the main target of antipsychotics, respond less well to treatment than other symptoms. We hope that this article will help doctors choose the right tactics for the treatment of vascular dementia.
Dementia is a disorder of the upper cortex as a result of chronic and progressive disease of the brain. As the other types of dementia, the main symptom of vascular dementia is cognitive impairment. In many cases, along with cognitive decline, non-cognitive symptoms are also observed. Although the main focus and treatment is against cognitive decline, it is the non-cognitive symptoms that bother patients and those caring for them. The frequency of non-cognitive impairments in different types of dementia is also different [1,3, 5,11,12]. In vascular dementia, 1 psychopathological symptom is observed in 81.1% of cases, and 2 or more symptoms are observed in 15% of cases. There were reports of apathy in 56.6% anxiety and agitation in 18.9%, delusions in 14-27%, hallucinations in 5-14%, depression and disinhibition in 5.6%. of patients [7-10]. However, in any case, those who care for the patient are more concerned about psychopathological symptoms than the decline in cognitive function. Psychiatrists are often consulted for these symptoms.
Basic therapy for vascular dementia both prevents and affects the development of psychotic disorders. Sometimes such psychotic symptoms can develop and worsen against the background of basic therapy [6]. To date, the use of neuroleptics is not recommended due to the etiology and pathogenesis of dementia [4]. Randomized placebo studies have not been able to prove the effect of antipsychotics on behavior and psychotic symptoms. Thus, in the meta-analysis of 15 randomized studies and in the meta-analysis of 42 placebo-controlled studies, many neuroleptics were compared, and it was found that treatment discontinuation was more common because the expected effect was not achieved [6]. Unfortunately, most of these studies have been performed on patients with other types of dementia. More research is needed to investigate the use of neuroleptics in vascular dementia. Despite the relative effectiveness of neuroleptics in the treatment of behavioral problems and mental disorders in vascular dementia, we face serious safety shortcomings. Taking neuroleptics in itself increases the risk of cardiovascular complications (stroke, heart attack, lethal outcome). Also, in patients receiving neuroleptics, prolonged QT interval on the ECG, decreased cognitive function, decreased daily activity due to sedation and extrapyramidal effects, difficulty in care, deaths [2]. However, in many cases, given the severity of psychotic and behavioral disorders, the use of neuroleptics is necessary by comparing risk and benefit.
To assess the effectiveness and safety of antipsychotics for the treatment of psychosis in people with vascular dementia
The study was conducted at the Republican Psychiatric Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2019-2022. The study included patients who had been treated for "vascular dementia with psychotic disorders" over the years. Patients with mild dementia and various degrees of psychotic disorders were selected according to the requirements of the study. Patients with moderate and severe dementia were excluded from the study on the advice of the Ethical Committee of the Azerbaijan Medical University. Patients with other types of dementia who had vascular dementia and no psychotic sympathy were not included in the study. Patients with previous diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delirium, bipolar disorder, cognitive decline after Intracranial injury, persistent delirium, and other types of dementia were also excluded from the study. As the research was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic, we faced many problems and limitations. During this period, there was a decrease in the number of patients admitted to the hospital. Patients were treated as much as possible on an outpatient basis. This was a decision taken to reduce their incidence of covid-19 virus. The psychotic condition of all admitted patients was acute. Therefore, it was difficult to compare the severity of non-cognitive symptoms in patients with vascular dementia. Because the scores of the patients on the scales were very close to each other. However, this helped us to avoid many of the mistakes that can be made when evaluating the course and outcome of treatment. Since the degree of expression, degree of distress, and severity of acute psychotic symptoms are almost the same, we think that we have more accurately measured the effectiveness of the drugs we used in treatment.
All patients included in the study were examined by a therapist and a neurologist and, if necessary, referred to a cardiologist, endocrinologist and surgeon. A Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSI) scale and a modified Khachinsky ischemia assessment scale were completed for the patient to be included in the study. Patients who scored 20-23 on the MMSI scale (mild dementia) and more than 7 on the other scale were included in the study. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were completed for each patient before and 4 weeks after treatment. The dose was reduced when side effects were observed during the study. When side effects did not end and the patient was disturbed, he/she was excluded from the study with the patient's consent. The decision to continue treatment and research during the study was voluntary by the patient and his / her relatives. He/she was excluded from the study at their request. The data were statistically processed to objectively evaluate all the data obtained.
77 patients participated in the study. Their mean age was 72.3 ± 0.9 (57-91). The social demographic indicators of the patients are given in the table (Table 1).
Table 1.Socio-demographic indicators of patients participating in the study
The average score of patients on the MMSI (Mini-Mental State Examination) scale was 20.4 ± 0.4. The average score on Khachinsky's modified schedule of ischemia was 11.8 ± 0.4. As noted, two scales were used to study the dynamics of non-cognitive symptoms: the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). The use of the NPI scale in the evaluation of the diagnosis and treatment of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases was both more convenient and allowed to assess the symptoms observed only in dementia. Thus, the NPI scale is completed by the clinician in a short period of time based on the information provided by the patient. This scale is considered a validated asset. The NPI scale covers 12 symptoms. These include: delusions, hallucinations, aggression / agitation, depression / dysphoria, anxiety, euphoria, apathy, disinhibition (impulsive and thoughtless actions), lability, aberrant / motor behavior, sleep and nightime behavior disorders, appetite and eating disorders. First of all, it is clarified whether there are any symptoms in the last 4 weeks. If the answer is positive, the frequency of symptoms, the degree of expression, the degree of distress are evaluated [20-26].
Frequency is rated as:
1 - Occasionally - less than once per week
2 - Often - about once per week
3 - Frequently - several times per week but less than every day
4 - Very frequently - daily or essentially continuously present
Severity is rated as:
1 - Mild - produces little distress in the patient
2 - Moderate - more disturbing to the patient but can be redirected by the caregiver
3 - Severe - very disturbing to the patient and difficult to redirect
The score for each domain is: domain score = frequency x severity
Distress is scored as:
0 - no distress
1- minimal
2 - mild
3 - moderate
4 - moderately severe
5 - very severe or extreme.
Prior to treatment, the mean score on the NPI scale was 58.7 ± 2.0 (23-106), and in the 4th week of treatment it dropped to 13.9 ± 1.8 (0-64). In other words, a decrease of 76.3 Perecntage was recorded in the total scores. Before treatment for BPRS, the score was 33.4 ± 1.4 (9-67), and then 14.2 ± 1.2 (3-48). There is a 57.3 Perecntage decrease in scores on this scale. If the decrease between pre- and post-treatment scores on the NPI scale is more than 30 Perecntage, it is considered that there is a positive dynamics in the course of symptoms, and neuroleptics are effective. Based on this rule, the degree of expression, degree of distress and frequency of occurrence of each symptom were calculated separately. In order to more clearly observe the effectiveness of neuroleptics, it was assumed that the change in scores had a treatment effect if it was more than 30 Perecntage, and that the treatment effect was small if it was less than 30 Perecntage. Cases of no change in scores were also investigated. We think that such a conditional separation allows us to draw more accurate conclusions (Table 2).
Table 2. Dynamics of scores on the scales used
The table below shows the scores of the NPI scale before and 4 weeks after treatment (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Changes in the overall symptom score on the NPI scale before and 4 weeks after treatment .
Assessing the degree of expression, distress, and frequency of each symptom on the NPI scale allowed us to study the effects of neuroleptics in more detail. The regression to assess changes in symptom scores and symptom dynamics on the NPI scale and BPRS scale was calculated in the following tables. (Table 3. and Table 4.).
Table 3. Dynamics of symptoms on the NPI scale
Table 4. Dynamics of indicators on the brief psychiatric assessment schedule
As noted, a modified Khachinsky ischemia assessment scale was completed for each patient prior to treatment. The primary goal in filling this scale was to differentiate vascular dementia from Alzheimer's dementia by studying the degree of ischemic brain damage. Patients included in the study had to score at least 7 points on this scale. Elevated scores were an indication of higher ischemic changes in the brain. This fact was confirmed by a neurologist's examination and MRI. We also tried to study the effect of neuroleptics on the degree of ischemic brain damage. In other words, the study of how pathological changes in the brain in vascular dementia affected the course and outcome of treatment. A very weak negative correlation was observed between the scores of the Khachinsky scale and the indicators (p> 0.05). As the main goal of the study was to study the effectiveness of neuroleptics in the treatment of psychotic symptoms, more attention was paid to these 2 symptom-delusions and hallucinations (Table 5).
Table 5. Correlation coefficient between the scores of the Khachinsky scale and the scores of the NPI and BPRS scale.
On the NPI scale, delusions are assessed on item 1, and hallucinations are assessed on item 2. Because the degree of symptom distress is based on the subjective feelings of the caregiver and the physician and his or her ability to manage those symptoms, it does not allow an objective assessment of changes in symptom consciousness before and 4 weeks after treatment. In order to calculate the severity of each symptom separately, as expressed in the guidelines of the NPI scale, it is necessary to multiply the degree of expression of the symptom and the frequency of occurrence. Based on this suggestion, we decided to calculate the severity of each symptom before and after treatment. This will allow us to study the severity of non-cognitive symptoms observed in the clinic of vascular dementia. It will also allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of neuroleptics in the treatment of psychotic symptoms. A 30 Perecntage decrease in total scores on the NPI scale indicates that treatment is effective. In this way, it is possible to calculate the decrease in points for each symptom. However, in order to more clearly observe the dynamics of individual symptoms, we consider the above method more appropriate.
As can be seen from the table, in two of the 77 patients on the NPI scale, no delusions were observed before treatment. In 2 out of 75 patients, delusions are moderate (6-8 points). In 73 patients, delusions were sharply expressed and assessed as severe. After 4 weeks of treatment with neuroleptics, no delirium was observed in 35 patients (47.9 Perecntage). In 18 patients (24.7 Perecntage) the symptoms were moderate. In 7 patients, the effect of neuroleptics in the treatment of delusions was not observed. We see interesting results in the observation of the dynamics of hallucinations on the NPI scale. Thus, hallucinations are not observed in 53 (68.8 Perecntage) of 77 patients who applied to the hospital in acute psychotic will. Hallucinations are mild in one of 24 patients, moderate in 2 patients. Severe dementia was reported in 21 patients. In the 4th week of treatment with neuroleptics, hallucinations were not observed in 66 patients. In other words, 13 out of 21 patients recovered. It is assessed as mild in 5 patienlets. In only 2 patients, the effect of neuroleptics in the treatment of hallucinations was not observed (Table 6 and 7).
Table 6. The severity of delusions.
Table 7. The severity of hallucinations.
Numerous studies have shown that the use of neuroleptics is life-threatening and often unreasonable for patients with dementia. It was also found that there were more cases of discontinuation of treatment due to the lack of effect of treatment with neuroleptics. Aging is itself a modified pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Because psycho-pharmacology is very specific in the elderly, the development of side effects of psychotropic drugs is also different. One of the most important issues for us is to study the side effects of psychotropic drugs in the elderly population, which complicate treatment and sometimes even lead to death. The situation is even more difficult with vascular dementia. Despite the relative effectiveness of neuroleptics in the treatment of behavioral problems and mental disorders, we face serious shortcomings in terms of safety. In general, the use of neuroleptics increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. In patients receiving this group of drugs, prolonged QT interval on the ECG, decreased cognitive function, decreased daily activity due to sedation and extrapyramidal effects, and maintenance difficulties. However, in many cases, the use of neuroleptics is necessary by comparing the risks and benefits. It is very important to know in advance which patients will develop side effects during treatment. With this in mind, we also studied the side effects of neuroleptics in our study. The study found that side effects were more common in patients with high Khachinsky scores (Table 8). Side effects observed during treatment were: parkinsonism, muscle weakness, hypotension, convulsions, urination, drowsiness, gait changes (Table 9).
Table 8. Correlation between scores on the Khachinsky scale and observation of side effects.
Table 9. Side effects observed in patients
The study involved 77 patients, 32 (41.6 Perecntage) men and 45 (58.4 Perecntage) women. Subjectively, 19 (24.7 Perecntage) patients recovered psychotic symptoms and 48 (62.3 Perecntage) patients improved their condition. In 10 patients, no change in psychotic symptoms was observed during the first 4 weeks of neuroleptic treatment. In 4 of these 10 patients, treatment was discontinued within 4 weeks on the advice of a physician, as the side effects were significant and the severity and number of side effects increased while taking the neuroleptic. In the other 3 patients, no improvement was observed during 4 weeks of treatment. After 4 weeks, the dose was increased, but an increase in side effects was observed. On the advice of a doctor and with the consent of the patient, the patient's relatives were transferred to another neuroleptic. One patient completed 4 weeks of treatment, but as there was no change in psychotic symptoms as a result of treatment, the patient left the study at the patient's request and was transferred to another type of neuroleptics. Two patients with no change in subsequent psychotic symptoms continued the treatment with an increase in dose for 4 weeks. Of course, these percentages could be subjective. In many cases, subjective and objective assessments do not coincide. To do this, we assessed the patient's initial condition, the course of treatment and the results with the help of jokes. We compared the obtained results on the basis of statistical calculations. Four patients died during the study. Two of them died of complications of the covid-19 virus, and the other two died of concomitant cardiac diseases, despite constant medical supervision. The results of the treatment are presented in the table below (Table 10).
Table 10. Outcome of treatment of psychotic symptoms observed in vascular dementia.
The main reason for VaD patients to go to a psychiatric hospital is psychotic symptoms. According to the NPI scale, delusions, motor disorders, and sleep disorders score higher. This means that these symptoms are more pronounced in vascular dementia. During the first 4 weeks of treatment with neuroleptics, lability, sleep disorders, aggression respond better. Given that a 30 Perecntage decrease in scales was noted as an improvement, there was no improvement in apathy with neuroleptics. Depressive symptoms improved by 50.7 Perecntage. Although the scores of delusions and hallucinations were higher than the scores of other symptoms at the initial examination, after treatment, the scores decreased by 67.3 Perecntage and 78.1 Perecntage, respectively. Unfortunately, psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations), which are the main target of neuroleptics, respond less well to treatment than other symptoms. Side effects are more common in patients with more ischemic brain damage. Eight out of 77 patients refused treatment due to side effects. However, in many cases it is necessary to use neuroleptics by measuring the phase of harm and benefit. In this case, it is recommended to start with a small dose and gradually increase the dose. It is advisable to keep the dose as small as possible even during the first 4 weeks. This will both reduce the development of side effects that can lead to treatment rejection and reduce mortality.
This study has some limitations. This study was not intended to assess regional differences. Despite the obvious limitation of this study due to the small number of samples, we can argue that it shows promising data.
The article carried out by own financial resource.
Authordeclare that the manuscript is submitted on behalf of all author. None of the materialin this manuscript has been published previously in any form and none of the material is currently under consideration for publication elsewhere other than noted in the cover letter to the editor.Author declare to have any financial and personal relationship with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence this work. Author contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
