AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/276
1 Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sabratha University, Libya
2 Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University
3 Department of Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University
4 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sabratha University, Libya.
*Corresponding Author: Azab Elsayed Azab. Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sabratha University, Libya.
Citation: Rabia A M Yahya, Ahmed M. Attia, Karema El.M.Shkal, Mona A. Yehia, and Azab Elsayed Azab. (2022). Antidyslipidemic Effectof 5-Fluorouracil against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Dyslipidemia in Male Albino Rats, J. Journal of Clinical Research and Reports, 12(2) DOI:10.31579/2690-1919/276
Copyright: © 2022 Azab Elsayed Azab. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of The Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 22 October 2022 | Accepted: 03 November 2022 | Published: 16 November 2022
Keywords: cyclophosphamide; 5-fluorouracil; dyslipidemia; combined chemotherapy; antidyslipidemic effect; male albino rats
Background: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a drug with a wide spectrum of clinical uses. It is commonly used as anticancer and immuno suppressant agent. It induces hyperlipidemia and myocardium damage. 5-FU is widely used in the treatment of a range of cancers. 5-FU in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents improves response rates and survival in breast and head and neck cancers.
Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antidyslipidemic effect of 5-fluorouracil against dyslipidemia induced by cyclophosphamide in male albinorats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male adult rats were grouped randomly into four groups (n=5 for each group). Group II cyclophosphamide (CPA): Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group III Fluorouracil (5-FU): 5-Fluorouracil at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day in saline was given through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group IV (CPA+5-FU): Rats were given CPA followed by 5-FU at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day (day by day) through i.p. to rats for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, rats were anesthetized using light ether. Blood samples were taken and prepared for biochemical measurements.
Results: Intraperitoneal administration of CPA or 5-FU resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum lipids. The cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL levels in serum of CPA or 5-FU treated rats were significantly increased when compared to controls. When CPA was administered followed by 5-FU prevented the increase in serum lipid levels highlighting its hypolipidemic role as antagonism. Also, a marked decrease in HDL cholesterol was noted in CPA treated rats. These changes produced by CPA to serum levels of HDL were normalized when 5-FU is given to the treated rats compared to CPA administered rats.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that treatment of rats with CPA induced dyslipidemia. However, 5-FU and CPA combination could produce a significant amelioration in the dyslipidemic changes, and it may be considered as a potentially useful candidate in the combination chemotherapy with CPA to prevent dyslipidemia. Future work should consider combined chemotherapy regimens, as two or more mechanisms of action of chemotherapeutic drugs could be more powerful than one mechanism.
The ultimate clinical effectiveness of any anti-cancer drug requires that it kill malignant tumor cells in vivo at doses that allow enough cells in the patient’s critical tissues (e.g., bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract) to survive so that recovery can occur. This is difficult to accomplish because, in general, anticancer drugs are most useful against malignant tumor with a high proportion of dividing cells, and some normal tissues such as the bone marrow and G1 tract also have a high cell-proliferation rate. Anticancer drugs used by themselves are primarily effective against high-growth-fraction tumors such as the leukemias and lymphomas. The most common malignant tumors, however, are “solid” tumors, including those of the colon, rectum, lung and breast. These tumors usually have a low proportion of dividing cells and therefore are less susceptible to treatment by drugs alone [1]. There are some standard methods of cancer treaments: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and biologic therapy. Undoubtedly, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the treatments to fight cancer with more side effects. Chemotherapy agents can be divided into several categories: alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide), antibiotics which affect nucleic acids (e.g., doxorubicin), platinum compounds (e.g., cisplatin), mitotic inhibitors (e.g., vincristine), antimetabolites (e.g., 5-fluorouracil), camptothecin derivatives (e.g., topotecan), biological response modifiers (e.g., interferon), and hormone therapies (e.g., tamoxifen). The agents most noted for creating cellular damage by initiating free radical oxidants are the alkylating agents, the tumor antibiotics, and the platinum compounds [2].
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is commonly used as anticancer and immuno suppressant agent. It is mainly used for ovarian cancer, breast cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, neuroblastoma, soft tissue sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms’ tumor, and immunosuppressant agent [3, 4]. It induces hyperlipidemia and myocardium damage [4]. Senthilkumar et al. [5] reported that treatment of rats with 150 mg/kg of CPA for 2 days caused a significant alterations in serum cholesterol and none significant changes were observed in serum triglycerides.
CP administration significantly (P<0>) increased the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and decreased the level of HDL-cholesterol in toxic group compared to normal group [4].
5-FU is widely used in the treatment of a range of cancers, including colorectal and breast cancers, and cancers of the aerodigestive tract. Although 5-FU in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents improves response rates and survival in breast and head and neck cancers, it is in colorectal cancer that 5-FU has had the greatest impact. 5-FU-based chemotherapy improves overall and disease-free survival of patients with resected stage III colorectal cancer [6]. The combination of 5-FU with newer chemotherapies such as Irinotecan and Oxaliplantin has improved the response rates for advanced colorectal cancer to 40–50% [7, 8]. However, despite these improvements, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.
5-FU has remained the main agent for the treatment of both advanced and early-stage colorectal cancer. Strategies that have been explored to modulate the anticancer activity of 5-FU include decreasing 5-FU degradation, increasing 5-FU activation and increasing the TS binding activity of FdUMP [9].
Despite continuous improvements in cancer therapy and prolonged survival of treated patients, complete remissions and cure of cancer are rare and anti-cancer drugs, which selectively affect tumor cells whilst sparing normal cells, are still being searched extensively.
The present study aimed to evaluate the antidyslipidemic effect of 5-fluorouracil against dyslipidemia induced by cyclophosphamide in male albino rats.
The present research was conducted in the Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Egypt.
3.1. Chemicals
Cyclophosphamide and 5-Fluorouracil were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (Saint Louis, USA). Chemical Name is 2-[Bis (2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide Cyclophosphamide monohydrate. This substance is listed as a known human carcinogen
3.2. Animals
Twenty-eight male adult rats (Sprague Dawley) with an average body weight of 180±10 g were obtained from the Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria, and acclimatized for two weeks before the experiment. They were assigned to four groups and housed in Universal galvanized wire cages at room temperature (22-25°C) and in a photoperiod of 12h/day. Animals were provided with a balanced commercial diet.
3.3. Experiential protocol
Twenty male adult rats were grouped randomly into four groups (n=5 for each group). Group I (control): Rats were injected with saline intraperitoneally at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg b.w. for 14 days. Group II cyclophosphamide (CPA): Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day through i.p. to rats for 14 days [10]. Group III Fluorouracil (5-FU): 5-Fluorouracil at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day [11] in saline was given through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group IV (CPA+5-FU): Rats were given CPA followed by 5-FU at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day (day by day) through i.p. to rats for 14 days.
At the end of the experimental period, rats were anesthetized using light ether. Blood samples were taken from the vena cava of the rat heart. Tubes were used to compile blood drawn from the heart directly; 3 ml of the blood was collected in glass tubes for coagulation and serum formation, blood was allowed to set for 30 min at 4oC to clot, then centrifuged for 5 minutes at 1000 xg. Packed cells were discarded and the supernatant serum samples were decanted and stored into capped sterile polyethylene tubes tubes at -20oC until used (within 24 hours).
3.4. Determination of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc, and HDLc concentrations
Cholesterol was determined after enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidation according to the method described by Richmond [12]. Triglycerides was determined according to the method described by Carr et al. [13].
LDLc Cholesterol test results are based on a reading of light reflected off a test strip that has changed color after blood is applied. The intensity of the color is directly proportional to the concentration of LDLc in the sample. The analyzer converts this reading into a LDLc result and displays it. This test, which selectively measures LDLc, is an enzymatic colorimetric test based on the “Trinder Method” for the determination of cholesterol. In the presence of oxygen, cholesterol is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to cholesterol-4-en-one and hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide reacts with 4-aminoantipyrine and N, Ndisubstituted aniline to form a blue dye [14].
Lipoproteins are particles comprised of mixture of lipids, phosolipids and apoproteins. There are four distinct groups of lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). The HDL-cholesterol was determined by enzymatic colorimetric method. In this method, Phosphotungstic acid and magnesium ions selectively precipitating all lipoproteins except the HDL-cholesterol fraction cholesterol present in the supernatant can be determined by the same method used for total cholesterol [15].
3.5. Statistical Analysis
The values are expressed as mean ± SEM. All values are expressed as mean±standard error of the mean (SEM). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of distribution of continuous variables. Comparisons between the treatment groups and pathogenic control group were performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey- test. P<0>
Intraperitoneal administration of CPA or 5-FU resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum lipids. The cholesterol, Triglycerides, and LDL levels in serum of CPA or 5-FU treated rats were significantly increased (P<0>
Significance at P > 0.05. CPA: cyclophosphamide; 5-FU: Fluorouracil, a Comparison of control and other groups; b Comparison of CPA and other groups; c Comparison of 5-FU and other groups; d Comparison of CPA – 5-FU and other groups.
Table 1: Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL concentrations of rat treated with cyclophosphamide and/or 5-fluorouracil
Figure 1: Serum cholesterol concentration of rat treated with cyclophosphamide and/or 5-fluorouracil. Significance at P > 0.05. CPA: cyclophosphamide; 5-FU: Fluorouracil; a Comparison of control and other groups; b Comparison of CPA and other groups; c Comparison of 5-FU and other groups; d Comparison of CPA–5-FU and other groups
Figure 2: Serum triglycerides of rat treated with cyclophosphamide and/or 5-fluorouracil. Significance at P > 0.05. CPA: cyclophosphamide; 5-FU: Fluorouracil; a Comparison of control and other groups; b Comparison of CPA and other groups; c Comparison of 5-FU and other groups; d Comparison of CPA–5-FU and other groups
| Figure 3: Serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration of rat treated with cyclophosphamide and/or 5-fluorouracil. Significance at P > 0.05. CPA: cyclophosphamide; 5-FU: Fluorouracil; a Comparison of control and other groups; b Comparison of CPA and other groups; c Comparison of 5-FU and other groups; d Comparison of CPA–5-FU and other groups |
Figure 4: Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration of rat treated with cyclophosphamide and/or 5-fluorouracil. Significance at P > 0.05. CPA: cyclophosphamide; 5-FU: Fluorouracil; a Comparison of control and other groups; b Comparison of CPA and other groups; c Comparison of 5-FU and other groups; d Comparison of CPA–5-FU and other groups
Serum cholesterol or its fractions like low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL) content have been found responsible for many diseases. Cholesterol and lipoprotein levels correlate well with the risk of cardiovascular diseases [17]. Stress in the form of starvation was found to increase lipid peroxidation and alter lipid profile in rabbits [18].
Intraperitoneal administration of CPA or 5-FU resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum lipids. The cholesterol, Triglyceride and LDL levels in serum of CPA or 5-FU treated rats were significantly increased (P<0>
The metabolism and physiology of lipids and lipoproteins is a dynamic integrated process. Lipoprotein abnormalities resulting in the disruption of serum and cellular lipid levels account for the genesis of vascular diseases. The acrolein-lysine adducts detected in the aorta and plasma LDL of cyclophosphamide treated animals suggest that these adducts wherein acrolein is a metabolite of cyclophosphamide, may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis or atherogenesis [19]. Cyclophosphamide is known to result in hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, which are well known risk factors in cardiovascular diseases [20].
Cyclophosphamide induced elevation in cholesterol levels could be due to increase in biosynthesis and decrease in its utilization. Cyclophosphamide induces free radicals [21], which may cause cellular cholesterol accumulation, (a) by increasing cholesterol biosynthesis and its esterification, (b) by decreasing cholesteryl ester hydrolysis and (c) by reducing cholesterol efflux [22].
The conversion of cholesterol to bile acids is quantitatively the most important mechanism for degradation of cholesterol. However, McClure and Stupans [23] previously reported that after 7 days following a single dose of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg body weight) there was a decrease in cytochrome P450 activity in male rats, which may in turn depress cholesterol 7-hydroxylase activity, the key enzyme in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids.
Decline in the cardiac phospholipid content with a concomitant increase in the serum could be due to the peroxidation of unsaturated membrane lipids by free radicals in biomembranes and tissues causing the leakage of these lipids into circulation [10].
Cholesterol and phosholipids are carried in plasma by lipoproteins, which are synthesized and secreted by the intestine and liver. HDL is secreted from the liver into the bloodstream. Boren et al. [24] have indicated that cardiac apoB enables the heart to secrete excess lipid in lipoproteins. In plasma, Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) is degraded into IDL and LDL by the action of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and through the exchange reactions with HDL. LDL serves as a major carrier of cholesterol to extrahepatic tissues. High levels of LDL are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease whereas high levels of HDL afford protection by reverse cholesterol transport to liver.
Previously in cyclophosphamide treated rats, lipid composition showed that HDL cholesterol was very low comparatively to a high VLDL cholesterol [20]. In these animals VLDL was larger than normal, corresponding to triglyceride enrichment [25].
Triacylglycerols are degraded by the LPL to fatty acids, which are the chief sources of energy. LPL is predominantly present in the skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and adipose tissue. Defective secretion of LPL may contribute to the poor expression of lipolytic activity in the vascular bed and to the occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia during cyclophosphamide treatment.
Simultaneously heart LPL activity was also decreased in CPA treated animals [26]. Due to the alterations in LPL activity, increase in triglycerides was associated with a drop in fatty acid levels in heart of group II cyclophosphamide treated rats. The moderate increase in the rate of triacylglycerol synthesis by the liver contributes to the occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia in cyclophosphamide treated rats [27]. Hypercholesterolemia changes in these rats maybe explained by a marked reduction in the activities of fat splitting enzymes, such as plasma cholesterol acyl trasferase (LCAT) and cardiac LPL. The distortion in lipid levels corroborated with abnormalities in the activities of lipid metabolizing enzymes in cyclophosphamide group. Hypercholesterolemia changes in these rats maybe explained by a marked reduction in the activities of fat splitting enzymes, such as plasma LCAT and cardiac LPL [26]. LCAT is secreted by the hepatocytes and released into the plasma. It converts cholesterol into long chain cholesterol ester on HDL and favors reverse cholesterol transport from tissues to liver. The esterification of cholesterol by LCAT leads to the remodeling of the lipoprotein HDL and results in the formation of large HDL particles that are known to offer protection against coronary artery disease [28].
It could be concluded that treatment of rats with CPA induced dyslipidemia. However, 5-FU and CPA combination could produce a significant amelioration in the dyslipidemic changes, and it may be considered as a potentially useful candidate in the combination chemotherapy with CPA to prevent dyslipidemia. Future work should consider combined chemotherapy regimens, as two or more mechanisms of action of chemotherapeutic drugs could be more powerful than one mechanism.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
