Received:11 February 2022 | Accepted:20 February 2022 | Published:08 April 2022
Keywords: anaemia; antianaemic; medications.
Abstract
Anemia is a group of diseases described by decrease in hemoglobin or red blood cells, resulting in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Iron deficiency is the most frequent nutritional deficiency, and the most routine cause of nutrition related anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency is the sequence of impaired absorption (pernicious anemia are imperfect production of intrinsic factor compulsory for absorption of vitamin B 12). Without folic acid, deoxyribonucleic duplication and cell separation cannot continue. Colchicine, para-aminosalicylic acid and heavy alcohol intake for lengthy than 2 weeks perhaps generates malabsorption of vitamin B12. Iron combines with porphyrin and globin chains to figure hemoglobin, which is underpinning for oxygen release from the lungs to different tissues. Folic acid should not be given alone in patients with pernicioius anemia without knowing whether they also have a Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Introduction
Anemia is a group of diseases defined by decreases in Hb or RBCs, resulting in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood [1]. WHO defines anemia as Hgb < 13 xss=removed females=12.3>
Classifications of anemia
Iron deficiency:Fe deficiency is the most ubiquitous nutritional deficiency, and the most ubiquitous cause of nutrition related anemia [5]. Fe serves as indispensable to the work of hemoglobin, myoglobin (the oxygen-storing molecule of muscle), and a diversity of iron-bearing enzymes [6]. Daily requirement (demand) of Fe in male is 10mg and female 15 mg, iron seek is accelerates in cultivating children, pregnant and lactating women owing to their body increased demand for iron [7]. Dietary origins of Fe enclose foods specifically high in Fe involve liver, egg yolk, brewer's yeast, and wheat germ. Other: muscle meats, fish, fowl, cereal grains, beans, and green leafy vegetables [8].
Pharmacokinetics of Fe
Absorption: Fe is absorbed in duodenum and proximal jejunum [9]. A normal individual without Fe deficiency absorbs 5-10 % of daily inputs. Fe in the ferrous form (Fe++) is absorbed further preferably than iron in the ferric form Fe+++) [10].
Elimination: Little amount are excreted in stool by shed of intestinal mucosal cells and vestige amount are excreted in bile, urine and sweat with total daily excretion not greater than 1mg/day [11].
Fig1. Schematic illustration of pharmacokinetics of Fe
Cause of Fe deficiency: Blood destruction (deep or superficial): Peptic ulcer diseases, diverticulosis, colon cancer, chronic nose bleeding, menorrhagia, occult GI bleeding, and worm infestation [12]. Fe absorption also decreased owing to achlorhydria, atrophic gastritis, and celiac disease [13]. Foods and medicines: phytate, calcium, soy protein, polyphenols decrease iron absorption [14]. Infrequent causes: intravascular hemolysis, pulmonary hemosiderosis, EPO, gastric bypasses [15]. Decreased input (rare) [16]
Anemia of chronic disease
EPO production inadequate for the degree of anemia observed or erythroid marrow responds inadequately to stimulation [17]
Fig2. Schematic illustration of pathogenesis of the anaemia of chronic disease
Vitamin B 12 deficienc
Vit B12 is made up of a porphyrin-like ring with a central cobalt atom connected to a nucleotide [19]. Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic figure of vit B12 with equivalent vit B12 activity [20]. The chemical name is 5, 6-dimethyl-benzimidazolyl cyanocobamide. The cobalt content is 4.35%. The molecular formula is C63H88CoN14O14P, which comparable to a molecular weight of 1355.38 [21] and the following structural formula:
Fig3. Chemical structure of Vit B12
Vit B12 is indispensable for growth, cell duplication, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin production. Cells described by hasty separation (e.g., epithelial cells, bone marrow, myeloid cells) seem to have the highest demand for vit B12 [22-24]. Cyanocobalamin is the most stable and broadly used form of vit B12, and has hematopoietic activity seemingly similar to that of the antianemia agent in purified liver extraction. Daily vit B12 requirement is 2-5 mg [25, 26]. Vit B12 is serves as indispensable for generation of DNA, and thus is necessitated for the cultivation and separation of practically all cells [27]. Helps catalyze the transformation of folic acid to its active form [28]. Active folic acid then partakes in copious responses indispensable for DNA generation [29]. Dietary origins: Paramount origin of vit B12 is from microbial synthesis. Previously, humans must acquire the preponderance of their Vit B12 by consuming animal products. Liver and dairy products are particularly reasonable origins. Between 10% & 30% of adults above age 50 are incapable to absorb vit B12 found innately in foods. Coinciding, these people should encounter their requirement by consuming B12-fortified foods [30-32].
Cause of Vit B12
In the majority of cases, vit B12 deficiency is the result of defective absorption (pernicious anemia are impaired production of intrinsic factor mandatory for absorption of vit B 12). Inadequate Vit B12 in the diet is a rare cause of deficiencies. Potential causes of poor absorption involve (1) regional enteritis, (2) celiac disease (a malabsorption syndrome (e.g inflammatory bowel disease, small bowel resection etc) including anomalies in the intestinal villi), and (3) development of antibodies instructed fight the vit B12 intrinsic and diseases that influence distal ileum [33-35]
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Effective absorption of Vit B12 requires intrinsic factor, a compound generated by parietal cells of the stomach. In the absence of intrinsic factor, absorption of vit B12 is highly decreased. Although, about 1% of the amount available can quiet be absorbed by passive diffusion [36, 37].
Distribution: In the blood, Vit B12 is bound to transcobalamin II, a particular B-globulin carrier protein, and is distributed and stored firstly in the liver and bone marrow [38, 39].
Elimination: Around 3-8 mcg of Vit B12 is generated into the GI tract daily via the bile; in health subjects with adequate intrinsic factor, all but around 1 mcg is re-absorbed. Excretion of vit B12 takes place extreme sluggishly: Daily destructions are around 0.1% of total body stores. Because Vit B12 is excreted so sluggishly, years are needed for Vit B12 deficiency to advance even with no replacement of missing Vit B12 taking place [40-42]
Folic acid deficiency
Folate serves as an indispensable factor for DNA generation. Without folic acid, DNA duplication and cell separation cannot continue [43, 44]
Fig4. Relationship of folic acid and vit B12 to DNA synthesis and cell maturation for Vit B12 Quotidian must-have of folic acid is 50 -100μg [45]
Pharmacokinetics of folic acid
Absorption: Unaltered folic acid is preferably and out rightly absorbed in the proximal jejunum. 5 -20 mg of folate are stored in the liver and other tissues [46].
Elimination: Folates are excreted in the urine and stool [47].
Dietary origins: A reasonable origin encloses liver, peas, oranges, whole-wheat products, asparagus, beets, broccoli, and spinach and also involves yeast, kidney and green vegetables [48, 49].
Causes of folic acid deficiency
Two most causes: Poor diet (specifically seen in alcoholics), and malabsorption secondary to intestinal diseases. Also, some medicines such as phenytoin, oral contraceptive, isoniazid, methotrexate etc are cause of folic acid deficiencies. Either acute or chronic alcoholism, perhaps the most ubiquitously cause of folate deficiency [50, 51]
Agranulocytosis / Aplastic anaemia
Causes of aplastic anaemia: Medicines such as analgesic (pyrazolone eg: (dipyrone)), antithyroid (thiouracil), antibacterial (chloramphenicol and sulphonamide), antiepileptic (rimethadione), antineoplastic medications (cytotoxic medications) [52]
Antianaemic medications
The goal of anemia therapy are: To correct the underlying etiology (eg, restore substrates needed for RBC production), replace body stores to improve red cell oxygen-carrying capacity To alleviate signs and symptoms return of normal function and quality of life, and prevention or reversal of long-term complications such as neurologic complications of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Cyanocobalamine (Vit B12): Preparations [53, 54] are listed beneath: (1) Cyanocobalamine: I.M. for life 1 mg (2) Hydroxocobalamine I.M. for pernicious anemia and cyanide poisoning
Indications and usage: Dietary deficiency of vit B12 happening in only vegetarians (isolated vit B12 deficiencies is very rare) [55]. Malabsorption of vit B12 results from structural or functional detriment to the stomach, where intrinsic factor is generated, or to the ileum, where intrinsic factor facilitates vit B12 absorption. Parenteral (intramuscular) administration of vit B12 comprehensively reverses the megaloblastic anemia and GI symptoms of vit B12 deficiency; the grade of advancement in neurologic symptoms based on the continuance and severe of the injuries, however development of the injuries is instantaneously arrested [56-58]. For pernicious anemia and macrocytic anemia [59], neuropathies [60], hepatitis [61], and against catabolic action of cortisone [62]
Side effects: Cyanocobalamin is universally void of severe adverse effects. One potential response, hypokalemia, perhaps happens as a natural outcome of increased erythrocyte generation [63, 64].
Contraindications: Sensitiveness to cobalt and/or vitamin B12 or each constituent of the medicine is a contraindication [65].
Drug interactions: Colchicine, para-aminosalicylic acid and heavy alcohol input for lengthy than 2 weeks perhaps generate malabsorption of vitamin B12 [66].
Dosage and administration: The recommended initial dose of nascobal nasal spray is one spray (500 mcg) administered in one nostril once weekly. Nascobal nasal spray should be administered at least one hour before or one hour after ingestion of hot foods or liquids. Periodic monitoring of serum B12 levels should be acquired to settle sufficiency of therapy [67].
Fe preparation
Mechanism of action: Iron figures the nucleus of the iron porphyrin heme ring, which coincidentally with globin chains figures hemoglobin that reversibly binds oxygen and provides the hypercritical mechanism for oxygen quittance from lungs to different tissues [68, 69].
Mechanism of Action: : Iron combines with porphyrin and globin chains to figure hemoglobin, which is hypercritical for oxygen release from the lungs to different tissues. Iron deficiency causes a microcytic anemia owing to the formation of least erythrocytes with inadequate hemoglobin [74-76]. The recommended dose is one capsule (30 mg) taken twice a day, morning and evening. Take this medication on an empty stomach with half a glass of water (one hour before a meal, or at least 2 hours after a meal) [77, 78].
Indications: Iron deficiency anemia, blood destruction related to pregnancy or GI bleeding (NSAIDs), hookworm infestation, or surplus coffee [79]
Contraindications: Patients with hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis or hemolytic anemia [80]
Side Effects of oral Fe preparation: Therapeutic doses; dose related nausea, upper abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea. Iron overdose (1-2 g) can lead to circulatory collapse and death. Non-intentional iron overdose has been a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children <6>
Drug interactions of FESO4: FESO4 perhaps decrease the absorption of different medicines, and take FESO4 dose 2 to 6 hours before or after taking each of the following an antacid; an antibiotic; or a laxative [82, 83]
Iron dextran
Mechanism of Action: Identical as ferrous sulfate (but has a different’ route of administration) [84]
Indications: Rare used currently (fresh orally effective agents involving iron sucrose & ferric gluconate complex are most ubiquitously used) [85]. Kept for patients with iron deficiencies who are incapable to tolerate oral iron cannot absorb oral iron (e.g. due to inflammatory bowel diseases influencing the proximal small bowel, post-gastrectomy conditions, or subsequent small bowel resection) [86]. Ferric gluconate & iron sucrose are two optional parenteral forms of iron that can be given i.v., but should not be given intramuscularly [87].
Iron dextran is bestowed by deep i.m. injection or i. v [88]. Most adults with iron deficiency necessitate 1-2 g of replenishment iron, or 20-40 ml. The suitable route of administration is i.v. infusion in several hundred mls of normal saline over 1-2 hrs [89].
Side Effects: Further dose-dependent side effects analogized to administering oral iron addendums, which limits the dose that can be given. Side effects involve: Local toxic effect: Local pain & tissue staining (brown discoloration) [90]. Systemic toxic effect (chronic toxicity = Haemosidrosis): headache, light-headedness, fever, nausea, convulsions, tachycardia & hypotension, muscle and joint pains, haemolysis, flushing, urticaria, bronchospasm, and rare anaphylaxis & death [91].
Drug interactions of iron: Absorption of oral iron perhaps decreased by calcium and magnesium salts (such as magnesium trisilicate). Administration of iron preparations with such compounds should be divided by at least 2 hours [92]. Oral iron is understood to decrease the absorption of penicillamine, bisphosphonates, ciprofloxacin, entacapone, levodopa, levofloxacin, levothyroxine (thyroxine) moxifloxacin, mycophenolate, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. These medications should be given at least 2 hours separate from oral iron medicines such as ferrous sulphate; ferrous gluconate; ferrous fumarate and iron choline citrate [93, 94]. Absorption of both iron and antibiotic perhaps decreased if oral iron is given with tetracycline [95]. Administration of iron preparations and tetracyclines should be divided by 2 to 3 hours [96]. Coincident usage of iron and dimercaprol is nephrotoxic [97]. Coincident usage of chloramphenicol will delay plasma iron clearance, integration of iron into red blood cells and interpose with erythropoiesis [98]. Coincident usage of iron with methyldopa perhaps antagonizes the hypotensive consequence of methyldopa [99].
Deferoxamine: Iron overdose can be treated by gastric lavage with a phosphate solution and deferoxamine (iron chelator) [100].
Mechanism of Action:Binds iron acquisitive, but poorly binds to different indispensable trace metals [101]. It contests in binding loosely bound iron, but fails to bind iron that is biologically chelated, such as in microsomal and mitrochondrial cytochromes and hemoproteins [102]
Indications: Iron poisoning. Used for treating both acute iron intoxication and in patients with secondary iron excessive from multiple transfusions [103]. Deferoxamine plus hemodialysis perhaps also be actionable in treatment of aluminum toxicity in renal failure. (It is not indicated for the treatment of primary hemochromatosis, since phlebotomy is the method of preference for removing overload iron in this disorder) [104]
Pharmacokinetics: Given parentally (i.m take your ferrous sulfate dose 2 to 6 hours before or after taking any of the following: an antacid; an antibiotic; or a laxative., s.c. or i.v.) [105]. It is poorly absorbed if taken orally, and perhaps frankly accelerates iron absorption if given orally. Iron-chelator complexes are excreted in the urine, frequent turning the urine an orange-red color [105]
Contraindications: Patients with severe renal disease or anuria, since the medicine and the iron chelate are excreted firstly by the kidney [107]
Side Effects: Fast i.v. administration perhaps cause hypotension. Idiosyncratic feedbacks such as
Folic acid
Two figures inactive active to launch with the inactive figure is referred to as folacin, folate, or folic acid; the active figure is referred to as leucovorin calcium, folinic acid, or citrovorum factor. The inactive figure is by widely the most ubiquitously used preparation [109].
Mechanism of Action: Indispensable cofactor for production of amino acids, purines and DNA [110]
Routes of Administration and dosage: Folic acid is applicable in tablets (0.4, 0.8, and 1 mg) for oral use and in a 5-mg/mL solution [Folvite] for IM, IV, or subcutaneous injection [111]. For treatment of folate- deficiency megaloblastic anemia in adults, the ordinary oral dosage is 1000-2000 mcg/day. Once symptoms have determined, the maintenance dosage is 400mcg/day. For prophylaxis during pregnancy and lactation, doses up to 1000 mcg/day perhaps used [112].
Indications:Treatment of megaloblastic anemia’s owing to a deficiency of folic acid as perhaps seen in equatorial or non- equatorial sprue, in anemia of nutritional origin, pregnancy, infancy, or childhood [113]. A decreased figure of folic acid known as citrovorum factor (or leucovorin) is given to replace endogenous folic acid in patients on methotrexate (which suppresses dihydrofolate reductase). Citrovorin (leucovorin) is better absorbed analogized to folic acid [114], for malabsorption syndrome [115], with anticonvulsant medications as phenobarbitone, primidone or phenytoin to counteract associated macrocytic anaemia [116].
Contraindications: Folic acid should not be given alone in patients with pernicioius anemia without knowing whether they also have Vit B12 deficiency [117]. The jeopardy is that folic acid addendums can disguise the signs of Vit B 12 deficiency, yet not inhibit the advancement of irreversible neurological damage owing to Vit B12 deficiency [118]. The Shilling test can be used to test for abnormalities in Vit B12 absorption [119].
Pharmacokinetics: 1 mg of folic acid orally quotidian is usually adequate to reverse megaloblastic anemia & renew normal folate levels [120].
Side Effects: Allergic sensitization [121, 122]
Hematopoietic growth factors
Developed using recombinant DNA technique and includes [123]
Erythropoietin: EP synthesized firstly by renal cortex, used chiefly in treatment ofanemia owing to chronic renal failure. But can be used also in AIDS and in anemia of cancer therapy [124].
Epoetin alfa
Mechanism of Action: Has glycoprotein that stimulates red blood cell generation. Epoetin alfa is a 165 amino acid glycoprotein developed by recombinant DNA technology, and has the identical biological outcomes as endogenous erythropoietin [125]. Hypoxia is the dominant physiological encourage for erythropoietin generation in the body [126]
Indications: For therapy of anemia in chronic renal failure patients [127], for Zidovudine-treated HIV-infected patients, cancer patients on chemotherapy decreasing of syngeneic blood transfusion in surgery patients. Erythropoietin deficiency can sequence from compromised renal function (its primitive site of synthesis). Erythropoietin paucity results in a normocytic anemia [128, 129].
Contraindications: Uncontrolled hypertension or known hypersensitivity to either mammalian cell-derived products or to human albumin [130].
Pharmacokinetics: Given i.v. or s. c. Half-life of EP alfa is 4-13 hrs in patients with chronic renal failure. It is calculated in international units (IU) [131].
Side Effects: A fast accelerates in hematocrit & hemoglobin perhaps causes hypertension & thrombotic complications. These can be minimized by enhancing the hematocrit sluggishly and treating the hypertension [132].
2. Thrombopoietin is a cytokine that elevates platelet count when combined with different cultivation factors [133]. The cue cytokine is thrombopoietin (TPO). It regulates multiplication and development of megakaryocytes as well as platelet generation. TPO is generated in the liver. Full-length recombinant, eminently glycosylated human TPO (rhTPO) was produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Non-glycosylated figure of TPO produced in Escherichia coli.
3. Granulocyte / marcrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF): used to stimulate myelopoiesis in AIDS, aplastic anemia and cancer chemotherapy [134].
4. Granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used to treat severe neutropenia following bone marrow transplantation or cancer chemotherapy [135]. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) accelerate the antimicrobial works of mature neutrophils. G-CSF others from GM-CSF in its particularity of action on advancing and mature neutrophils, its effects on neutrophil kinetics, and its toxicity profile.
5. Interleukins (IL 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11) act synergistically with stem cell agent (SCF), GM-CSF, G-CSF and erythropoietin [136].
Conclusion
Anemia is a group of infirmities delineated by de-escalate in Hb or RBCs, sequencing in downgraded oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Quotidian demand of Fe in male is 10mg and female 15 mg, iron seek is escalates in growing children, pregnant and lactating women owing to their body escalated demand for iron. Vit B12 is made up of a porphyrin-like ring with a central cobalt atom bind to a nucleotide. Ferrous sulfate perhaps de-escalates the absorption of distinctive medicines, and take ferrous sulfate dose 2 to 6 hours before or after taking any of the following: an antacid; an antibiotic; or a laxative. Folic acid is applicable in tablets (0.4, 0.8, and 1 mg) for oral use and in a 5-mg/mL solution [Folvite] for IM, IV, or subQ injection.
Abbreviations
Anemia is a group of diseases defined by decrease in Hb or RBCs, resulting in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. Daily requirement of Fe in male is 10mg and female 15 mg, iron need is accelerating in growing children, pregnant and nursing women owing to their body enhanced demand for iron. Vit B12 is made up of a porphyrin-like ring with a central cobalt atom bind to a nucleotide. Ferrous sulfate perhaps decreases the absorption of different medicines, and take ferrous sulfate dose 2 to 6 hours before or after taking any of the following: an antacid; an antibiotic; or a laxative. Folic acid is applicable in tablets (0.4, 0.8, and 1 mg) for oral use and in a 5-mg/mL solution [Folvite] for IM, IV, or subQ injection
Acknowledgments
that increase the quality of this manuscript.
Data Sources: Sources searched include Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, NCBI, NDSS, PMID, Scopus database; Lancet; Science direct; PMCID, and Cochrane database. Search terms included: antianaemic medications
Funding
None
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Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’
I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).”
The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent.
I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation.
Sincerely and best wishes,
Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dr Oleg Golyanovski
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Virginia E. Koenig
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases.
Thank you for all.
Delcio G Silva Junior
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article.
Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office.
I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Ziemlé Clément Méda
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports
I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office.
The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript.
And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help.
It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work.
Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
Layla Shojaie
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Sing-yung Wu
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Orlando Villarreal
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Katarzyna Byczkowska
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Pedro Marques Gomes
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
Bernard Terkimbi Utoo
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Prof Sherif W Mansour
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing
We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
Hao Jiang
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal.
The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage.
The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful.
The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders.
In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dr Shiming Tang
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery,
Editorial Coordinator,
I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office.
The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
Raed Mualem
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Andreas Filippaios
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity.
The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dr Suramya Dhamija
Dear Erica Kelsey,
Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics
Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications.
We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
Bruno Chauffert
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article.
Have a good day!
Baheci Selen
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
Jesus Simal-Gandara
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far.
Keep up the great work.
Douglas Miyazaki
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
Dr Griffith
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
Dr Tong Ming Liu
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
Husain Taha Radhi
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery.
The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent.
The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value.
I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
S Munshi
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
Tania Munoz
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
George Varvatsoulias
Dear editorial department:
On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal.
Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner.
I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality.
Sincerely,
Rui Tao.
Rui Tao
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Khurram Arshad
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent,
the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Lin Shaw Chin
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project.
I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality.
We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions,
I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients."
I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing.
¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions,
The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed.
The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing!
"I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Zsuzsanna Bene
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
Dr Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent,
the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
Lin-Show Chin
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional.
The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work.
The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient.
The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research.
I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
Sonila Qirko
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional.
I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
Luiz Sellmann
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Zhao Jia
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery,
"The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
Thomas Urban
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient.
The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
Cristina Berriozabal
To Dear Erin Aust,
I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable.
Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free.
I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
Dr Tewodros Kassahun Tarekegn
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
Dr Shweta Tiwari
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication.
This journal certainly publishes quality research articles.
I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dr Farooq Wandroo
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
Dr Anyuta Ivanova
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
Dr David Vinyes
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice!
I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence
in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt,
during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication.
Thank
Prof. Elvira Farina
Dr Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’
I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).”
The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent.
I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation.
Sincerely and best wishes,
Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dr Oleg Golyanovski
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
