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Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/082
Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
*Corresponding Author: Sh.A. Topchiyeva, Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.
Citation: Sh.A. Topchiyeva, (2022). Age-related changes in the blood digestive enzyme amylase in pheasants (Phasianus versicolor)) in ontogenesis. 5(5). DOI: 10.31579/2693-7247/082J. Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research. 5(5); DOI: 10.31579/2693-7247/082
Copyright: © 2022 Sh.A. Topchiyeva, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 25 March 2022 | Accepted: 02 April 2022 | Published: 25 April 2022
Keywords: phasianus versicolor; spectrophotometer; digestive enzyme amylase; blood plasma
The work presents age-related data on changes in the digestive enzymes of the blood in pheasants in ontogeny. The research is devoted to the artificial breeding of one of the subspecies of pheasants of our wild fauna (the emerald pheasant - Phasianus versicolor). The aim of the work was to determine the digestive enzyme amylasecontent in the blood plasma of pheasants in post-embryogenesis in comparison with the indicators in the chicks of the original line when using a complex of vitamins and anti-stress drugs. As a result of experimental studies, a change in the blood plasma digestive enzyme amylaseof pheasants from the moment of hatching and up to 2 months of age was revealed, with the complex use of vitamins (A-20000 IU, D3 -1250 IU, E-50 mg), as well as anti-stress preparations of succinic acid at a dose of 0.02 g, 0.03 g, 0.05 g per 1 kg of body weight per day. The determination of activity of the digestive enzyme amylase of the blood was carried out spectrophotometrically according to the method of Karavea, Spectrophotometer Specol 1500 (Analitik Jena), at a wavelength of 690 nm. Amylase activity indices in 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60-day-old pheasants correspond to 517.8 ± 12.3, 402.5 ± 9.6, 273.1 ± 10.5, 161.6 ± 12.8, 254.5 ± 23.4, 210.7 ± 14.3 U/l. It was found that the activity of the enzyme in 1-day-old pheasants significantly exceeds the activity of amylase in 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60-day-old pheasants by 1.3, 1.9, 3.2, 2.0, 2.5 times, respectively.
Biochemical blood tests make it possible to monitor the functional state of the body, the functioning of the liver, kidneys, pancreas and other organs, as well as control the processes of protein, carbohydrate, fat and mineral metabolism. According to the literature data, the authors for the first time performed a study of the activity of digestive enzymes in the blood plasma of birds, and simultaneously all the main enzymes: amylase, lipase and trypsin, which made it possible to establish a correlation between them in the blood and duodenal contents. It is noted that there is a multilateral relationship between the digestive system and metabolism, which is provided due to the transport and regulatory functions of blood. It is expressed not only in the fine coordination of digestive activity and metabolism due to nervous and hormonal regulation, but also in the presence of special functions of the gastrointestinal tract that contribute to the flow of chemical processes in tissues. The link between the digestive system and tissues is blood, which performs a diverse role in the body, which is closely related to the secretory and enzymatic function of the digestive tract. The presented experimental data confirm the scientific hypothesis about the circulation of digestive enzymes and their presence in blood plasma. The literature contains data on the age-related dynamics of pancreatic enzymes in the pancreatic tissue and blood plasma in broiler chickens, which are the basis for physiological and biochemical monitoring of the health status and nutrition of poultry. It is known that changes in blood biochemical parameters occur in chickens with age, however, research data on this issue are few and contradictory, and in a comparative aspect between the initial lines of meat chickens and hybrids, they are practically absent. Assessment of physiological indicators, one of which is blood biochemistry, is an important component of breeding work in the creation of new breeds and their successful introduction to the market. At the same time, the determination of the physiological status makes it possible to carry out diagnostics and morpho-biochemical blood tests in poultry under stressful and pathological conditions [1–8].
Thanks to the transport and regulatory functions of the blood, a multilateral connection is provided between the digestive system and metabolism. It is expressed not only in the fine coordination of digestive activity, but also in the presence of special functions of the gastrointestinal tract, which contribute to the implementation of chemical processes in tissues. These experimental data confirm the scientific hypothesis about the circulation of digestive enzymes and their presence in blood plasma [9, 10].
The determination of activity of the blood enzymes was carried out spectrophotometrically according to the method of Karavea, Spectrophotometer Specol 1500 (Analitik Jena), at a wavelength of 630-690 nm [16].
Blood samples were also collected by puncture with the addition of heparin as an anticoagulant. The activity of α-amylase was judged by the decrease in color intensity measured on a spectrophotometer. The optimum pH for enzyme activity was in the range of 6.5–7.5 [17].
Live weight and safety of birds were taken into account. Blood samples were taken from the cubital vein of the wing (vena cutanea ulnaris superficialis) in 35 pheasants, whose age corresponded to 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 days. 0.5 ml of whole blood was taken from each bird and placed in blood collection tubes containing a heparin solution.
0.5 ml of blood plasma was placed in a graduated glass tube, 0.5 ml of a substrate-buffer solution was added, placed in a test tube, and heated for 5 minutes at 370C. Next, 0.1 ml of the studied blood serum was added and incubated for 5 minutes at 370C.
Immediately after incubation, 4 ml of hydrochloric acid working solution and 0.3 ml of iodine working solution were added.
Spectrophotometry was performed in a cuvette 10 mm thick at a wavelength of 630-690 nm against distilled water.
The control sample was placed in the same way as the experimental one, but the blood serum was added after incubation with 0.01 N iodine solution. Spectrophotometry was carried out under the same conditions as the test sample against distilled water.
Measurements of the optical density of the samples were carried out on a Specol 1500 spectrophotometer (Analitik Jena) at a wavelength of 690 nm. Quantitative data on the determination of activity of blood enzymes are given in table 1.
It follows from the data in the table that the indicators of enzyme activity in 1-day-old experimental groups of pheasants significantly exceed the data on amylase activity in 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60-day-old pheasants. Amylase activity in 20-day-old pheasants is 3.21 times lower than in 1-day-old ones.
However, there is a slight increase in the activity of amylase by 1.58 times compared with the 20-day indicators of the activity of the digestive enzyme in the blood of pheasants. Subsequently, by the age of 60 days, a decrease in the activity of the digestive enzyme by 1.2 times is again observed.
As a result of experimental studies, a change in the digestive enzyme
amylase of the blood blood plasma protein of pheasants from the moment of hatching and up to 2 months of age was revealed, with the complex use of vitamins (A-20000 IU, D3 -1250 IU, E-50 mg), as well as anti-stress preparations of succinic acid t a dose of 0.05 g per 1 kg of body weight per day.
As a result of experimental studies, a change in the digestive enzyme amylase of the blood plasma protein of pheasants from the moment of hatching to 2 months of age was revealed with the complex use of vitamins (A-20000 IU, D3 - 1250 IU, E - 50 mg), as well as anti-stress preparations of succinic acid in dose of 0.05 g per 1 kg of body weight per day (figure.1).
Probably, the relative decrease in the activity of the digestive enzyme amylase in the blood plasma with age indicates a decrease in the intensity of metabolic processes in the body and indicates, in all likelihood, that enzymes, especially amylase, perform the regulatory functions of the body. The indicator of activity of the enzyme amylase relative to the live weight of pheasants decreases by 1.3, 1.9, 3.2, 2.0, 2.5 times, respectively.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
