Re-print article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2768-2757/114
1Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
2Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 64000, Pakistan.
3Pharmacology/Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri Kansas City, Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
*Corresponding Author: Asaf A. Qureshi, Ph.D. Department of Biomedical Science, 2411 Holmes Street, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
Citation: Asaf A Qureshi, Dilshad A. Khan, Wajiha Mahjabeen, Neerupma Silswal, and Nilofer Qureshi, (2024), Re-Print: Novel Mixture of δ-Tocotrienol, Vitamin D3, Resveratrol (NS-3) Significantly Decreases Diabetes Biomarkers including Inflammatory in people with type 2 Diabetes, Journal of Clinical Surgery and Research, 5(2); DOI:10.31579/2768-2757/114
Copyright: © 2024, Asaf A Qureshi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 13 February 2024 | Accepted: 19 February 2024 | Published: 28 February 2024
Keywords: T2DM; PBMC; δ-tocotrienol; vitamin D3; resveratrol; diabetes biomarkers; glucose; HbA1c; HOMA-IR; hs-CRP
Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder identified by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. Impaired serum/plasma fasting glucose, HbA1c, hs-CRP are biomarkers, normally used to determine onset of diabetes. d-Tocotrienol, vitamin D3, and resveratrol (nutritional supplement-NS-3) are potent anticholesterolemic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agents. We hypothesized that a mixture of d-tocotrienol, vitamin D3, resveratrol (NS-3) will be more effective treatment for reducing diabetes biomarkers as compared to its individual components, in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: To test our hypothesis, evaluation of NS-3 mixture and its individual components was carried out on diabetes inflammatory biomarkers using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from healthy, normal and people with T2DM. A randomized placebo controlled double-blinded prospective trial of individual components (n = 30/component), and NS-3 trial of people with T2DM (n = 52/group), were given two capsules/d of cellulose/olive oil as placebo, individual components, or NS-3 mixture for 24-weeks.
Results: Significant down-regulation (15 - 74; P < 0.002) of gene expression was observed with individual components and NS-3 on diabetes biomarkers (IRS-1, SOD-2, GCKR, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, IL-8) in PBMCs of T2DM, and in serum values of fasting glucose (11%), HbA1c (10%), hs-CRP (23%), fasting insulin (9%), HOMA-IR (20%), MDA (20%) of NS-3 treated people with T2DM after 24-weeks. Treatment with individual components showed significant decrease but were less effective than the mixture. RT-PCR analysis of blood RNAs obtained from NS-3 treated people with T2DM for 24-weeks resulted in significant (P < 0.01) down-regulation of gene expression in diabetes biomarkers (IRS-1, SOD-2, GCKR, IGFPB-2) compared to pre-dose values.
Conclusions: Present results of in vitro and in vivo studies support our hypothesis that NS-3 mixture is more effective in lowering serum levels of several diabetes biomarkers including inflammatory gene expression markers compared to its individual components in people with T2DM.
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