AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/126
1 Ege University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Izmir, Turkey.
2 Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Chios Hospital, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chios, Greece.
4 Master of Research in Information and Communication, University of Lorraine, France.
*Corresponding Author: Prof. Onur Oral M.D. Ph. D. Ege University Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Health Sciences and Sports, Izmir, Turkey.
Citation: Onur ORAL, Zeinab REZAEE, George N. NOMIKOS, Evangelia Stavropoulos and Amir Rashidlamir, (2023), A Comprehensıve Revıew of the Therapeutıc Effect of Regular Exercıse in Solvıng the Problem of Beıng Overweıght in Chıldren and. J. Endocrinology and Disorders. 7(1): DOI:10.31579/2640-1045/126
Copyright: © 2023, Onur Oral. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 14 February 2023 | Accepted: 25 February 2023 | Published: 06 March 2023
Keywords: children and adolescent health; physical activity; obesity and overweight; sedentary lifestyle
Background: This study aims to emphasize that physical activity habits to be acquired during childhood can contribute positively to prevent obesity and overweight problems by improving the development of basic movement skills and motor skill competence, with positive effects on children's motor development.
Materials and Methods: In the search for scientific literature for this review, data from the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), MEDLINE, and SportDiscus were used, and the terms “sedentary lifestyle”, “children and adolescent health”, “obesity and overweight”, “physical activity”, and were used. The relevant literature has also taken its source from the research of relevant articles from reference lists derived from data searches.
Results: Especially sportive activities such as athletics, gymnastics, swimming, walking, volleyball, football, basketball, and tennis, which can be determined after basic movement training, can make significant contributions to the development of children's anatomical and physiological characteristics. For this reason, it is of great importance to raise the awareness of parents and teachers that regular physical activity can increase the chances of success in the prevention and treatment of health problems such as obesity and overweight, which are likely to be seen in childhood and adolescence.
Conclusion: Obesity and being overweight, which poses a risk to the child and adolescent health has become widespread in recent years. Regular exercise for the prevention of obesity can provide a highly rational treatment in terms of its therapeutic effects, which can also prevent and treat many chronic diseases. Maintaining and improving overall health through regular physical activity for a healthy life will also lead to successful weight management.
The constructive effects of physical activity habits are of great importance for motor development, which can be defined as the capacity to perform the movements required in daily life. Motor development can be considered as a period in which important physical activities such as feeding, walking, writing and playing games develop and take shape in children (Nazario & Vieira 2014). Overweight and obesity, which are defined as chronic diseases by the World Health Organization, remain serious all over the world as a health problem that occurs due to excess body fat and can be seen in childhood and adolescence and cause many health problems (World Health Organization., 2000). However, it is known that the increase in sedentary lifestyle, which has been frequently observed in children and young people in recent years, threatens the motor development of children and young people and the development of motor skills related to the musculoskeletal system and may lead to an increase in the incidence of many other health problems, especially obesity and overweight. In addition, regular exercise habit, with the effective weight control it provides, increases the self-confidence of children and young people with the development of physical structure, prevents the occurrence of depression and generalized anxiety problems that may occur during adolescence and can increase their success and educational performance in their educational life. While the positive effects of regular exercise on the physical development of children and adolescents have been demonstrated in many scientific studies, it has also been shown that the habit of physical activity in school life, physical education classes and extracurricular sports activities is of great importance for the psychological health of children and adolescents. For this reason, it is emphasized that it is very important to establish scientific strategies that aim to encourage regular physical activity habits for children and adolescents to grow up healthy and free from problems such as obesity and overweight (Hills et al., 2007, Queiroz et al., 2014).
It is recommended that children and adolescents aged 5-18 years should be able to engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least 60 minutes a day in order to develop regular exercise habits for healthy physical, mental and psychological development of children and adolescents (Myer et al.,2015). The high interest in computational technological activities, the large amount of time devoted to new media habits shaped by computer and internet addiction cause children and young people to not find enough time for physical activity and exercise and thus increasing the problem of overweight and obesity. Therefore, it is a scientific consensus that sedentary time and especially time spent in front of screens for entertainment purposes should be limited in order to ensure physical activity habits. Raising awareness of teachers and parents about the positive effects of physical exercise and its potential benefits on children's health, especially in school-age children, will be a very useful practice in terms of establishing regular exercise habits in children(Cox et al.,2010.; Lassi et al.,2015; Oral, 2023).
Physical activity and sport play an important role not only in weight control and physical development, but also in the physical and mental development of children and adolescents. Participating in regular physical activity and sport has been shown to have numerous psychological benefits, including improvements in self-esteem, mood and cognitive functioning. In addition, physical activity and sport can help prevent the onset of mental health problems and help to address existing mental health problems. In particular, self-esteem is an important aspect of mental health and participation in physical activity and sport is known to have a highly constructive and positive effect on self-esteem in children and adolescents (Vansteenkiste et al., 2004).
A study by Lu et al. (2015) investigated the effects of physical activity on body composition and cardiovascular health in overweight and obese adolescents. The results showed that physical activity was associated with significant improvements in body composition, including a reduction in fat mass and an increase in lean body mass. In addition, physical activity improved cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure and improving lipid profile.
Physical activity and sport participation can also have a positive effect on cardiovascular health in youth. Regular exercise has been shown to improve heart function, increase cardiovascular endurance, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (Pate et al., 1995). Additionally, physical activity has been shown to improve the lipid profile, including reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (Pate et al., 1995).
A study conducted in the USA concluded that the rate of overweight and obesity in children has increased up to 35%, 54.9% are now defined as overweight, and that this metabolic disease has reached a very risky point in children and young people (Brownell &Wadden 2000; Hill, 1998; Kuezmarski, 1992: Markowitz et al.,2008). And also, a systematic review by Fogelholm & Kukkonen‐Harjula (2000) evaluated the effects of physical activity on obesity in youth. The results showed that physical activity was associated with significant reductions in body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage, as well as improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. The authors concluded that physical activity plays a critical role in the prevention of obesity in youth (Lampinen et al., 2017).
Regular physical activity has also been shown to increase lean body mass, which can lead to an increase in energy expenditure and a reduction in fat mass (Zhang et al.,2014). Physical activity and sport participation have been shown to have a positive effect on body composition and fat mass in youth. Long-term exercise programs have been associated with reductions in body fat percentage, particularly in the abdominal region (McTiernan et al.,2007; Ross & Janssen, 2001).
Physical activity has also been found to have a positive impact on cognitive function in youth, particularly in areas such as attention and memory (Chaddock, 2011). Regular participation in physical activity has been associated with improved academic performance and increased levels of concentration (Buckley, et al.,2014; Eime, et al., 2013). These findings are supported by studies that have demonstrated that physical activity has a positive impact on brain development and cognitive function in youth (Ploughman, 2008).
In parallel with developments in medical science, the definition of health has also changed over the years. In the past, being healthy generally meant not being sick. Today, however, the concept of being healthy has evolved to include not only not being sick, but also having good mental, social and physical health conditions.
It is known that obesity and overweight problems that occur in childhood and adolescence, if left untreated, can lead to serious health risks and various metabolic problems in adulthood. Obesity and overweight have been shown to cause chronic health problems such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis, many musculoskeletal disorders, some cancers, and depression, which may occur frequently, while cardiovascular disease is one of the most common metabolic problems for life health. In the prevention and treatment of these health problems, regular sports habits are recommended as a physical activity style that contributes to a healthy life by preventing or treating some metabolic problems that individuals may face over the years, as well as leading a healthy life.
It is known that regular physical activity is one of the most important vital habits to protect and improve the health of individuals of all ages. Moving more, sitting less and spending less time in front of the screen should be perceived as an indispensable therapy method for a healthy life for everyone, regardless of age, gender or fitness. It is predicted that the habit of regular physical activity, which can be acquired especially at school ages, can play a very important role in children becoming mentally, physically and spiritually healthy individuals in later ages and leading a life free from obesity, overweihgt, metabolic and chronic diseases.
In conclusion, the results of this review and previous research highlight the important physiological contributions of sport and exercise to obesity prevention in young people. Regular physical activity and participation in sport can improve body composition, reduce fat mass and promote cardiovascular and metabolic health. Healthcare providers, educators and parents should encourage and support participation in physical activity and sport in young people to promote healthy growth and prevent obesity.
We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to Nikitas NOMIKOS for his very successful contribution to the literature research process and unique academic support in the publication during the process of this review article.
The author certifies that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.
The author certifies that there is no funding from any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.
All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
