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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/365
Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
*Corresponding Author: Emmanuel O. Ugwu. Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Citation: Juliet I. Nwufo, Emmanuel O. Ugwu, Kalu T.U Ogba. (2026). Social Stigma, Social Isolation and Adverse Childhood Experience as Factors of Depression Among Adolescents Living with Hiv, Psychology and Mental Health Care, 10(2): DOI:10.31579/2637-8892/365
Copyright: © 2026, Emmanuel O. Ugwu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 11 February 2026 | Accepted: 27 February 2026 | Published: 09 March 2026
Keywords: social stigma; social isolation; adverse childhood experience; depression; adolescents living with hiv/aids
HIV is still a major public health challenge and according to Global AIDS monitoring (2020), Nigeria ranked fourth in the world with regards to HIV burden. Nigeria has a generalized HIV epidemic with the highest HIV burden in West and Central African sub-region. The present study investigated whether social stigma, social isolation and adverse childhood experience will be associated with depression among adolescent living with HIV. Three hundred (300) females 129 and males 171 drawn from Bishop Shanahan Hospital and Faith Foundation Hospital both in Nsukka, Enugu state with the age range of 13-19 and a mean of 18.10 and (S.D=2.91) participated in the study. It was hypothesized that social stigma, social isolation and adverse childhood experience will significantly be associated with depression among adolescents living with HIV. The Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS); Berger HIV Stigma Scale (BHIVSS); Social Isolation Scale (SIS); Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF) were used to collect the data. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data collected. Result of a hierarchical multiple linear regressions shown that social stigma, social isolation and adverse childhood experience did not predict depression among adolescents living with HIV. Implications, limitations and suggestion for further studies should make use of a larger population size and cover various hospitals and ethnic groups.
HIV/AIDS is a serious global concern, having a devastating morbidity and mortality impact across the globe, with sub-Sahara Africa having the highest prevalence rates (W. H.O, 2018). Of the HIV infected persons, 90% live in developing countries and over 40% of those infected are women and about half of the newly infected persons belong to the age group of 15- 24 years (Kartikeyan et al., 2007). In 2020, about 1.75 million adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 were living with HIV worldwide and adolescents account for about 5 percent of all people living with HIV and about 11% of new adult HIV infections (Manciuc et al., 2022). Globally, adolescents that represent the key population groups (including gay and bisexual boys, transgender adolescents, adolescents who sell sex, and adolescents who inject drugs) have an increased risk of contracting HIV infection (Manciuc et al., 2022). In 2016, Nigeria had 220, 000 (150,000-310,000) new HIV infections and 160,000 AIDS-related deaths (United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2016). Common Mental disorder (CMD) are leading cause of disability (Ezra et al., 2021) and are known to hasten HIV disease progression. Ezra, et al, (2021), studied the Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study found that CMD and depression are highly prevalent in this high HIV prevalence population. Depression is nowadays a common chronic disease in most societies worldwide that can impair normal functioning, cause depressive thoughts, and adversely affect the quality of life (Liu et al., 2020). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5) highlights the following as symptoms of depression: depressed mood on most days, including feelings of sadness and emptiness, loss of pleasure in previously enjoyed activities, too little or too much sleep most days, unintended weight gain or loss or changes in appetite, physical agitation or feelings of sluggishness, low energy or fatigue, feeling worthless or guilty, trouble concentrating or making decisions and intrusive thoughts of death or suicide (Villines, 2018). Depression is a major human blight, globally, it is responsible for more ‘years lost’ to disability than any other condition (Smith, 2014). When ranked by disability and death combined, depression comes ninth behind prolific killers such as heart disease, stroke and HIV, and yet depression is widely undiagnosed and untreated because of stigma, lack of effective therapies and inadequate mental-health resources (Smith, 2014). Chibanda et al., (2016) found that probable CMD and depression in PLWH are associated with recent negative life events such as perceived stigma, social distancing among PLWH. Investigated the role of neurocognitive and mental health outcomes and association with quality of life among adults living with HIV in low-literacy population from coastal Kenya, Nyongesa et al., (2018) found that increasing depressive scores were significantly associated with poorer quality of life. Stigma was described by Goffman (1963) as an attribute that can be deeply discrediting, which reduces whole persons to tainted and discounted others. Herek (2009) defines stigma as the negative regard, inferior status, and relative powerlessness that society collectively accords to people who possess a particular characteristic or belong to a particular group or category. There are three levels of stigma such as individual, interpersonal and structural stigma. Individual stigma refers to the psychological processes in which individuals engage in responses to stigma, such as self-stigma. Interpersonal stigma refers to interactions that occur between the stigmatized and the non-stigmatized, and structural stigma which refers to a structural restriction of the opportunities of stigmatized groups, for instance by law, or institutional policies (Hatzenbuehler 2016). Social stigma was defined by Link and Phelan (2001) as the co-occurrence of several components [1]. distinguishing and labeling differences between people [2]. linking these differences to negative stereotypes, discrimination [3]. separating them from and [4]. Status loss and discrimination. HIV stigma refers to society’s negative views and perceptions about people living with HIV. Lack of knowledge about HIV which led to fear of contracting HIV, negative social perceptions about HIV and PLHIV. Internalized stigma is the loss of a person’s self-esteem or feeling of self-worth as a result of the individual’s belief that he or she is socially unacceptable. The definition above explains the prejudice, stereotype and discrimination experienced by AHIV which causes psychological distress such as depression. Stereotypes, discrimination, and prejudice exist at the psychological level and are often the product of social stigma causing affecting the wellbeing of AHIV. Mugo et al., (2023) in their study found that stigma was associated with depressive symptoms. In the sudy by Nabunya, and Namuwonge, (2022), that examined the relationship between HIV-related shame, stigma and the mental health of adolescents (10–14 years) living with HIV in Uganda, it was found that HIV-related stigma was not associated with any form of mental health in adolescents. However, HIV-related stigma is a social process referring to shame, negative perceptions, and social isolation of PLWH (Azhar et al., 2022). Social isolation; is described as reduced social contact due to a loss of personal role in society, decreases in social network ties, barriers to access a decreased ability to engage in reciprocal social relationships and loneliness (Antonucci & Akiyama, 1987). Furthermore, social isolation has been defined as the lack of meaningful and sustained communication or as having minimal contact with either the family or the wider community (Victor, Scambler, Bond & Bowling, 2000). Victor, et al (2000), identified various approaches to measuring isolation which involve recording levels of social contact, enumerating social participation and quantifying social networks. The nature of a person’s social network has been identified as key to the level of social isolation that they experience. Networks are described as identified social relationships that surround a person, their characteristics, and the individual’s perceptions of them. Social networks can be identified by size (number of people in the net-work), density (the degree to which members of the network are interrelated) and the accessibility and reciprocity of the relationships. Social isolation in HIV patients has been linked to not only impaired physical and mental health but also mortality (Holt-Lunstad, Smith, & Layton, 2010). The link between social isolation and health might be due to objective deprivation of social network ties or subjective experience of social isolation. While objective social isolationhas been described as ‘lack of contact with others due to situational factor, such as small size of social network, infrequent social interaction, or lack of participation in social activity’, subjective social isolation has been characterized as perceived shortage in one’s social resources, such as companionship or social support (Cornwell & Waite, 2009). The objective and subjective experience of social isolation was as a result of their HIV status. Ahmed et al., (2021) studied the role of social support, illicit drug use, and other predictors of anxiety and depression among HIV/AIDS patients in Pakistan and found that Low social support was more likely to develop depression and anxiety than those with good social support, which is as a result of how social isolation diminishes social care, adversely affecting emotional and physical well-being. ACEs include a range of early-life challenges and traumatic events that occur before age 18 and may put an individual at risk for negative experience throughout the life course, such experiences include emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, household dysfunction, and neglect (Satinsky, Kakuhikire, Baguma, Rasmussen, Ashaba, Cooper-Vince, & Tsai, 2021). ACEs is described as harms that affect children directly (eg, abuse and neglect) and indirectly through their living environments (eg, parental conflict, substance abuse, or mental illness). Ermisch, (2008) described ACEs to include exposure directly to child abuse (sexual, verbal and physical) and more broadly to family dysfunction including domestic violence, parental separation and household members with substance abuse, poor mental health or incarceration, increasing exposure to such childhood adversity has been associated with escalating risk of problems including substance use, violence, sexual risk-taking and suicide ideation. Additionally, Poor quality childhoods are often associated with societal level factors such as deprivation and inequities (Marmot, et al 2012), meanwhile there is increasing evidence that specific childhood experiences increase the risk of individuals adopting health-harming behaviours and developing chronic ill health in later life. Satinsky, et al (2021) examined adverse childhood experiences, adult depression, and suicidal ideation in rural Uganda. Regression models adjusted for self-reported HIV status, the cumulative number of ACEs was associated with greater depression symptom severity. Since there is a relationship between each variable with depression, we can predict that social stigma, social isolation and ACEs are associated with depression among adolescent with HIV. Attribution theory is a psychological framework that focuses on how individuals interpret and explain the causes of events or behaviors. When it comes to social stigma among adolescents living with HIV, attribution theory can help us understand how individuals perceive and respond to stigmatizing experiences related to their HIV status. For instance, an adolescent living with HIV might attribute the stigmatizing behaviors of their peers to their own HIV status, perceiving it as something inherent in themselves that leads to negative treatment from others. Furthermore, attribution theory suggests that individual attributions influence their emotional and behavioral responses to stigmatizing events. In the context of social stigma among adolescents living with HIV, external attributions may involve attributing the stigma they experience to societal prejudices, lack of awareness or education about HIV, or fear and misinformation about the disease, these individuals may seek out social support, engage in advocacy efforts, or participate in educational initiatives to challenge HIV-related stigma. Attribution theory was originally proposed by psychologist Fritz Heider (1958) and has since been expanded upon by other researchers. It suggests that people are motivated to understand the causes of events and behaviors, and they make attributions to explain these causes. The Trauma Theory of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) suggests that the accumulation of ACEs can exacerbate the negative emotions associated with HIV and contribute to a higher risk of adverse health outcomes and psychosocial difficulties among this population (Freud, 1955). Adolescents living with HIV often face unique challenges and stressors related to their health condition, including managing the physical demands of the disease, adhering to complex medication regimens, and navigating the social and emotional aspects of living with a stigmatized illness. In addition to the challenges, they may also experience a higher prevalence of ACEs compared to their peers without HIV. Ashaba, et al., (2019), studied the role of Community beliefs, HIV stigma, and depression among adolescents living with HIV in rural Uganda. They conducted 5 focus group discussions and 40 one-on-one in-depth interviews in Mbarara, Uganda with adolescents (aged 13–17 years) and adult women caregivers. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed directly into English, and coded using thematic analysis to identify themes related to psychosocial adversities and mental health. The result showed that harsh treatment from peers and adults often led to negative emotions among ALWH, including feelings of shame, embarrassment and emotional pain. The study suggested that interventions to correct community misperceptions about HIV can potentially reduce stigma and thereby improve physical and mental health outcomes of ALWH. Zeng, et al., (2018), conducted a structural equation model of perceived and internalized stigma, depression, and suicidal status among people living with HIV/AIDS. A total of 450 PLWH were recruited and 39 questionnaires were invalid as participants did not finish these questionnaires due to various reasons such as physical examination, outpatient appointment, resulting in 411 (91.3%, 411/450) PLWH in the current study. Perceived and internalized stigma (PIS) was measured by fourteen statements derived from HIV Stigma Scale while depressive symptoms were measured by the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The findings suggested that PIS is associated with increased depression and the likelihood of suicidal status among PLWH. Ashaba, et al., (2019), studied the role of Community beliefs, social isolation, and depression among adolescents living with HIV in rural Uganda. They conducted 5 focus group discussions and 40 one-on-one in-depth interviews in Mbarara, Uganda with adolescents (aged 13–17 years) and adult women caregivers. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed directly into English, and coded using thematic analysis to identify themes related to psychosocial adversities and mental health. The result showed that found that ALWH were subjected to negative community misperceptions about their perceived aggression towards others and presumed early mortality which resulted to depression. The study suggested that interventions to correct community misperceptions about HIV can potentially reduce stigma and thereby improve physical and mental health outcomes of ALWH. Adeyemo, et al., (2020), determined the prevalence and correlates of depression and suicidality in adolescents living with HIV infection in Lagos Nigeria. A total of 201 adolescents attending HIV outpatient clinics in two tertiary hospital (Lagos state University Teaching Hospital and Nigerian Institute of Medical Research) were recruited. Adverse childhood experience was measured with the Adverse Childhood Experience Scale (ACE) and Depression and Suicidality were assessed using the specific modules of the Child version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). The result showed that adverse childhood event has been identified as a risk factor for depression in adolescents with HIV infection.
Method Participant
The total number of participants in the present study were 300 (male=171, 57%; female=129, 43%) HIV patients drown from Bishop Shanahan Hospital Nsukka, and Faith Foundation Hospital Nsukka, both in Enugu State. The participants’ age ranges from 13 to 19 years of age (mean= 18.10; SD=2.85). The researchers visited the two hospitals on Monday, Wednesday and Friday which were their clinical days. The participants voluntarily participated in the study by appending their signature. A Convenience sampling method was adopted. Some of the participants were single=299 (299%), and married=1(3%). The ethnic groups involve in the research includes Igbo=230(76.7%), Hause=20(6.7%), Yorubah=27(9.0%) and others=23(7.7%).Instrument Four instruments were used to collect the data and they include; A demographic data questionnaire was used to obtain information about the participant`s demography; The Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS); Berger HIV Stigma Scale (BHIVSS); Social Isolation Scale (SIS); Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF).Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS): The Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS), was developed by LeBlanc, Almudevar, Brooks, and Kutcher, (2002), designed specifically to diagnose and assess the symptoms of adolescent depression. The 13-item Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS) is scored on a 3-point Likert-type scale, ranging from coded 0=hardly ever, 1=much of the time, 2=most of the time, 3=all of the time. Sample items on the scale include, “Low mood, sadness, feeling blah or down, depressed, just can’t be bothered”, “Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, letting people down, not being a good person”, “Thoughts, plans, or actions about suicide or self -harm’’. LeBlanc et al., (2002) reported a Cronbach’s alpha of .82. The researchers carried out a pilot study to test the reliability of the scale. 100 (50, males and 50, females) participant from General Hospital Nsukka participated in the pilot study and reported a cronbach alpha of .81 from a pilot study conducted. Berger HIV Stigma Scale (BHIVSS): Berger HIV Stigma Scale (BHIVSS) was developed by Berger, Ferrans, and Lashley, (2001). The Berger HIV Stigma Scale (BHIVSS) is a 40-item, 4-point Likert-type scale (1=Strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=agree, 4=strongly agree) designed to measure the stigma perceived by people with HIV, two items are reverse-scored: items 8 and 21. Scoring involves calculating mean performance across the 40 items, with higher scores indicating greater social stigma with question number 9 reads “People with HIV are treated like outcasts” and question number 30 reads “Some told me HIV is what I deserve for how I lived”. Berger, Ferrans, and Lashley, (2001), that reported Cronbach’s alpha of .94 and a test retest of .92. The researchers carried out a pilot study to test the reliability of the scale. 100 (50, males and 50, females) participant from General Hospital Nsukka participated in the pilot study and reported a cronbach alpha of .93 from a pilot study conducted. Social Isolation Scale (SIS): Social isolation scale (SIS) is a 20-item scale developed by Russell, Peplau, and Ferguson, (1978) to measure loneliness among Americans. The Social isolation scale item 7 reads “There is no one I can turn to” and item 20 reads “People are around me but not with me”. Item were scored on a 4-point likert scale of: 1=I often feel this way, 2=I sometimes feel this way, 3=I rarely feel this way, 4=I never feel this way. test-retest reliability of the 20-item Social Isolation Scale based on a sample of 102 University of Tulsa student volunteers assessed over a 2-month period, a test-retest correlation of .73 was found.It has also shown a good internal consistency .96 (Russell, Peplau, and Ferguson, 1978). The researchers carried out a pilot study to test the reliability of the scale. 100 (50, males and 50, females) participant from General Hospital Nsukka participated in the pilot study and reported a cronbach alpha of .82 from a pilot study conducted. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF): The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF) developed by Hagborg, Kalin, and Gerdner, (2022) is a self-report measure that childhood maltreatment in adults. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a 28 item scale with 5 point likert response format with rating scale (1=Never true, 2=Rarely True, 3=Sometimes true, 4=Often true, 5=Very often true). Hagborg, Kalin, and Gerdner, (2022) indicated that cronbach alpha of the total scale is .93. Lee, Chun, Kang and Lee (2004) reported a cronbach’s alpha for the total scale as 0.89 also Winstead‐Fry and Schultz (1997) reported a cronbach's alpha of the total scale as 0.89. The researchers carried out a pilot study to test the reliability of the scale. 100 (50, males and 50, females) participant from General Hospital Nsukka participated in the pilot study and reported a cronbach alpha of .74 from a pilot study conducted.
Procedure
Letter of identification was collected from the Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, by the researcher and submitted to each hospitals (Bishop Shanahan Nsukka, Faith Foundation Nsukka) with an attached proposal to the Ethical Research Committee Bishop Shanahan Nsukka Hospital, and Faith Foundation Hospital for approval in order to allow the researchers administer the questionnaires to the participants. The patients were briefed on nature of the study and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study.
Through the help of the matrons, the researchers were given the permission to distribute the questionnaire to the patients. To affirm their full consent, their signature was appended and they willingly participated in the study. For the purpose of confidentiality, the participants were told not to pen down any personal information like name, address, phone no or anything that will reveal them. It took each participant15 minutes to complete the questionnaire. Three hundred and fouty questionnaires (340) were distributed, three hundred and twenty-five (325, 95.6%) were returned, fifteen (15, 4.4%) were invalid, and ten (10, 2.9%) were not fill correctly, and three hundred (300, 88.2%) were coded.
Design/Statistics
The study was primarily a survey, and cross-sectional design was adopted. The data obtained from participants was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. A hierarchical multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data given that multiple regression can accurately estimate the relationship between predicting and criterion variables.
| Variables | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
| 1 | Age | 18.10 | 2.86 | - | ||||||
| 2 | Gender | - | - | -.09 | - | |||||
| 3 | Education | - | - | .63*** | -.01 | - | ||||
| 4 | Years of diagnosis | 5.51 | 4.37 | .03 | -.15* | .05 | - | |||
| 5 | Social Isolation | 58.80 | 16.24 | .018 | -.13* | .01 | -.05 | - | ||
| 6 | Social Stigma | 35.64 | 10.71 | .03 | -.13* | .03 | -.04 | .97*** | - | |
| 7 | ACE | 82.41 | 22.28 | .02 | -.13* | .01 | -.07 | .99*** | .93*** | - |
| 8 | Depression | 26.12 | 3.52 | .06 | -.04 | -.01 | -.06 | .02 | .02 | .02 |
Table 1: Pearson’s correlations of demographic variables, social isolation, social stigma, and depression among adolescents living with HIV.
Note. ***p<.001; **p<.01; *p<.05; Gender (1 = Male, 2 = Female); ACE = Adverse childhood experience
Table 1 shows the means, standard deviations, and correlations among the study variables. Older age was positively associated with higher level of education (r = .63, p<.001). Being male was associated with higher years of diagnosis (r = -.15, p<.05), social isolation (r = -.13, p<.05), social stigma (r = -.13, p<.05), and adverse childhood experience (r = -.13, p<.001). Social isolation was positively related with social stigma (r = .97, p<.001) and adverse childhood experience (r = .99, p<.001). Social stigma was significantly correlated with adverse childhood experience (r = .93, p<.001). Adverse childhood experience was not significantly associated with depression among adolescents living with HIV (r = .06).
| Predictors | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | ||||||
| B | β | T | B | Β | t | B | β | T | |
| Social isolation | .00 | .02 | .30 | .04 | .18 | .80 | .04 | .17 | .27 |
| Social stigma | -.06 | -.17 | -.75 | -.06 | -.17 | -.59 | |||
| ACE | .00 | .01 | .02 | ||||||
| R2 | .00 | .00 | .00 | ||||||
| R2∆ | .00 | .00 | .00 | ||||||
| F | .09 (1, 298) | .33 (2, 297) | .22 (3, 296) | ||||||
| F∆ | .09 (1, 298) | .56 (1, 297) | .00 (1, 296) | ||||||
Table 2: Hierarchical multiple regression predicting depression among adolescents living with HIV by social isolation, social stigma, and adverse childhood experience.
Note. ***p<.001; **p<.01; *p<.05; ACE = Adverse childhood experience
Results of the hierarchical multiple regression for the test of the hypotheses is shown in Table 2.
In Step 1, social isolation was not a significant predictor of depression among adolescents living with HIV, β= .02. The model was not significant, F (1, 298) = .09, R2 = .00. The R2 of .00 indicated that 0% of the variance depression among adolescents living with HIV was explained by social isolation.
In step 2, social stigma was not a significant predictor of depression among adolescents living with HIV, β= -.17. The model was not significant, F∆ (1, 297) = .56, R2∆ = .00. The R2∆of .00 indicated that 0% of variance in depression among adolescents living with HIV was explained by social stigma.
In step 3, adverse childhood experience was not a significant predictor of depression among adolescents living with HIV, β = .01. The model was not significant, F∆ (1, 296) = 00, R2∆ = .00. The R2∆ of .00 indicated that 0% of variance in depression among adolescents living with HIV was explained by adverse childhood experience. All the variable in the study explained 0% of the variance in depression among adolescents living with HIV.
Summary of Major Findings
1. Social isolation was not a significant association of depression among adolescents living with HIV.
2. Social stigma was not a significant association of depression among adolescents living with HIV.
3. Adverse childhood experience was not a significant association of depression among adolescents living with HIV.
The findings of this study show social stigma did not significantly predict depression. This finding supports the study of Nabunya and Namuwonge, (2022) who found that stigma was not associated with depression. The findings indication of no association between social stigma and depression could be implicated in the fact that people who have been stigmatized may have other support factor such as emotion regulation that helps them to escape depression. The result was not in support with some studies that indicated a positive association between social stigma and depression (Mugo et al 2023; Murphy et al 2018), they found that stigma was associated with depression. This inconsistency could be related to cultural factor. The present study was carried out in the south east Nigeria and in only three different hospitals in the south east. It is therefore possible that the south east part of Nigeria doesn't allow for stigmatization among the HIV patients, which would not give room for depression. Further, the result however, showed that there was no association between social isolation and depression. This is not in support with the studies of Ahmed et al., (2021) and Cho, et al., (2019) who found a significant association between social isolation and depression. A possible reason why social isolation could not predict depression may be due to the fact that during adolescence, adolescents find it hard to isolate themselves from their fellow adolescent, who provides support, reduce prejudice and discrimination among those living with HIV. It gives them sense of belonging and feeling of being loved among their pairs. Another possible reason might be because of religion affirmative. The participants consist of mostly Christians. Christians often preach about love and stand against isolating from brethren. The support system from the Christendom more than enough to reduce depression among adolescent living with HIV.
Furthermore, ACEs did not significantly predict depression. This finding also did not support the studies of Maisano, et al., (2022) and Amone-p’olak & Letswai, (2020) who found a positive association between ACEs and depression. A possible reason for this result could be due to the sample size. The participants where just three hundred adolescents drawn from the south east part of Nigeria. Most studies on ACEs and depression have a higher sample size of three hundred participants. Another possible reason could be that adolescents from south east do not view ACEs to be a factor for depression.
Implications of the Findings
The results of this study illustrate social stigma, social isolation and ACEs as factors of depression among adolescent living with HIV and may be useful to families, mental health practitioners, policy makers and school authorities. Understanding this relationship is important because it provides more insight into reasons why a person may or may not be depressed due to negative societal factors associated with living with HIV. This therefore calls for families, societies to provide the basic emotional and physical support that would curb depression among adolescents living with HIV.
Finally, because depression in HIV has been predominantly studied among adult population, this study offers an insight into an adolescent population that is often overlooked. as such, government, school authorities and families at large could put preventive measures in place to ensure that adolescenst do not grow with the societal stigmatization, societal isolation and ACEs. The major limitation of this work is that it concentrated on only adolescents in Nsukka town and only[2] hospitals which cannot be used to make generalization in the whole Nsukka town. Future studies could more hospitals and wider populations beyond Nsukka town to cover more adolescents in the south east Nigeria. collaborate with scholars from the Western countries such as North America and Europe as a step toward substantiating the idea of the global spread of the phenomenon of Brain Fag Syndrome.
Suggestions for Further Studies
The inability of social stigma, social isolation and ACEs to predict depression among adolescent living with HIV is counter intuitive as one would believe that the presence of aforementioned factors would lead to increased depression and not vice versa. Therefore, future research could be fine to explore and explain this association. Also, this study should be replicated using experimental or longitudinal methods to allow for establishment of causal relationships. Future studies should consider using more representative samples that cut across different occupations and experiences.
The present study examined social stigma, social isolation and aces as factors of depression among adolescent living with HIV in Nsukka town to the best of the researcher’s knowledge, no previous study had considered such a study especially among Nigeria sample.
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As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.
Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.
Dear Ms. Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. “The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews represented the “ideal house” to share with the research community a first experience with the use of the Simeox device for speech rehabilitation. High scientific reputation and attractive website communication were first determinants for the selection of this Journal, and the following submission process exceeded expectations: fast but highly professional peer review, great support by the editorial office, elegant graphic layout. Exactly what a dynamic research team - also composed by allied professionals - needs!" From, Chiara Beccaluva, PT - Italy.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, we have deeply appreciated the professionalism demonstrated by the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The reviewers have extensive knowledge of our field and have been very efficient and fast in supporting the process. I am really looking forward to further collaboration. Thanks. Best regards, Dr. Claudio Ligresti
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. “The peer review process was efficient and constructive, and the editorial office provided excellent communication and support throughout. The journal ensures scientific rigor and high editorial standards, while also offering a smooth and timely publication process. We sincerely appreciate the work of the editorial team in facilitating the dissemination of innovative approaches such as the Bonori Method.” Best regards, Dr. Matteo Bonori.
I recommend without hesitation submitting relevant papers on medical decision making to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I am very grateful to the editorial staff. Maria Emerson was a pleasure to communicate with. The time from submission to publication was an extremely short 3 weeks. The editorial staff submitted the paper to three reviewers. Two of the reviewers commented positively on the value of publishing the paper. The editorial staff quickly recognized the third reviewer’s comments as an unjust attempt to reject the paper. I revised the paper as recommended by the first two reviewers.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Thank you for publishing our case report: "Clinical Case of Effective Fetal Stem Cells Treatment in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder" within the "Journal of Clinical Research and Reports" being submitted by the team of EmCell doctors from Kyiv, Ukraine. We much appreciate a professional and transparent peer-review process from Auctores. All research Doctors are so grateful to your Editorial Office and Auctores Publishing support! I amiably wish our article publication maintained a top quality of your International Scientific Journal. My best wishes for a prosperity of the Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Hope our scientific relationship and cooperation will remain long lasting. Thank you very much indeed. Kind regards, Dr. Andriy Sinelnyk Cell Therapy Center EmCell
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. It was truly a rewarding experience to work with the journal “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. The peer review process was insightful and encouraging, helping us refine our work to a higher standard. The editorial office offered exceptional support with prompt and thoughtful communication. I highly value the journal’s role in promoting scientific advancement and am honored to be part of it. Best regards, Meng-Jou Lee, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital.
Dear Editorial Team, Journal-Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, “Publishing my article with Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions has been a highly positive experience. The peer-review process was rigorous yet supportive, offering valuable feedback that strengthened my work. The editorial team demonstrated exceptional professionalism, prompt communication, and a genuine commitment to maintaining the highest scientific standards. I am very pleased with the publication quality and proud to be associated with such a reputable journal.” Warm regards, Dr. Mahmoud Kamal Moustafa Ahmed
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews’, I appreciate the opportunity to publish my article with your journal. The editorial office provided clear communication during the submission and review process, and I found the overall experience professional and constructive. Best regards, Elena Salvatore.
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews Herewith I confirm an optimal peer review process and a great support of the editorial office of the present journal
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. I am really grateful for the peers review; their feedback gave me the opportunity to reflect on the message and impact of my work and to ameliorate the article. The editors did a great job in addition by encouraging me to continue with the process of publishing.
Dear Cecilia Lilly, Editorial Coordinator, Endocrinology and Disorders, Thank you so much for your quick response regarding reviewing and all process till publishing our manuscript entitled: Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and its Associated Risk Factors Among Nile College Students, Sudan. Best regards, Dr Mamoun Magzoub.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is a high quality journal that has a clear and concise submission process. The peer review process was comprehensive and constructive. Support from the editorial office was excellent, since the administrative staff were responsive. The journal provides a fast and timely publication timeline.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, What distinguishes International Journal of Clinical Case Report and Review is not only the scientific rigor of its publications, but the intellectual climate in which research is evaluated. The submission process is refreshingly free of unnecessary formal barriers and bureaucratic rituals that often complicate academic publishing without adding real value. The peer-review system is demanding yet constructive, guided by genuine scientific dialogue rather than hierarchical or authoritarian attitudes. Reviewers act as collaborators in improving the manuscript, not as gatekeepers imposing arbitrary standards. This journal offers a rare balance: high methodological standards combined with a respectful, transparent, and supportive editorial approach. In an era where publishing can feel more burdensome than research itself, this platform restores the original purpose of peer review — to refine ideas, not to obstruct them Prof. Perlat Kapisyzi, FCCP PULMONOLOGIST AND THORACIC IMAGING.
Dear Grace Pierce, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews I appreciate the opportunity to review for Auctore Journal, as the overall editorial process was smooth, transparent and professionally managed. This journal maintains high scientific standards and ensures timely communications with authors, which is truly commendable. I would like to express my special thanks to editor Grace Pierce for his constant guidance, promt responses, and supportive coordination throughout the review process. I am also greatful to Eleanor Bailey from the finance department for her clear communication and efficient handling of all administrative matters. Overall, my experience with Auctore Journal has been highly positive and rewarding. Best regards, Sabita sinha
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of the journal IJCCR, I write here a little on my experience as an author submitting to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews (IJCCR). This was my first submission to IJCCR and my manuscript was inherently an outsider’s effort. It attempted to broadly identify and then make some sense of life’s under-appreciated mysteries. I initially had responded to a request for possible submissions. I then contacted IJCCR with a tentative topic for a manuscript. They quickly got back with an approval for the submission, but with a particular requirement that it be medically relevant. I then put together a manuscript and submitted it. After the usual back-and-forth over forms and formality, the manuscript was sent off for reviews. Within 2 weeks I got back 4 reviews which were both helpful and also surprising. Surprising in that the topic was somewhat foreign to medical literature. My subsequent updates in response to the reviewer comments went smoothly and in short order I had a series of proofs to evaluate. All in all, the whole publication process seemed outstanding. It was both helpful in terms of the paper’s content and also in terms of its efficient and friendly communications. Thank you all very much. Sincerely, Ted Christopher, Rochester, NY.
