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Case Report | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/ECO.2021/003
*Corresponding Author: Anubhav Chauhan, Medical Officer (Specialist), Dept. of Ophthalmology, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College and Hospital, Nerchowk, Dist. Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Citation: Anubhav Chauhan, Deepak K Sharma, Pankaj K Thakur, Anchit Wapa (2021). Eight And A Half Syndrome. J. Experimental and Clinical Ophthalmology. 1(1). DOI: 10.31579/ECO.2021/003
Copyright: © 2021 Anubhav Chauhan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 29 July 2021 | Accepted: 10 August 2021 | Published: 17 August 2021
Keywords: ocular; brain; syndrome; ipsilateral; internuclear ophthalmoplegia; hypertension; ipsilateral paramedian; hypertensive retinopathy
Eight-and-a-half syndrome is a rare pontine syndrome characterized by conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and ipsilateral lower motor neuron like facial palsy. Here we describe a case of a 45 year old male presenting with this syndrome. The ocular movements helped in clinching the diagnosis plus the site of lesion.
A 45 year old male, was brought to us with a history of binocular diplopia for two days. There was also a positive history of hypertension, smoking and cerebrovascular accident (left sided hemiparesis) one year back. He had developed sudden onset weakness on the left side of body for the past two days along with binocular diplopia and was admitted in the medicine ward. His visual acquity was 6/24 in the right eye and hand movements close to face in the left eye with no improvement on pinhole. Bilateral pupillary reactions, intraocular pressure, B Scan ultrasonography were normal. Fundus examination revealed grade 1 hypertensive retinopathy changes. Ocular motor examination revealed combination of right gaze paresis and right internuclear ophthalmoplegia suggestive of horizontal one-and-a-half syndrome. Vertical ocular movments from the primary position were normal. In addition, he also had right lower motor neurone facial weakness with a normal bells phenomenon. Our patient presented with the unique combination of right sided horizontal one-and-a-half syndrome and lower motor neurone seventh cranial nerve palsy (figure 1a,1b,1c,1d).
Such a combination of signs (seven plus one-and-a-half) is known as eight-and-a-half syndrome. A differential diagnosis of Millard Gubler syndrome was also kept in mind(in view of the left sided hemiparesis) but the classic horizontal gaze palsy helped us in clinching the diagnosis.
His computed tomography scan revealed lacunar infarct on the right side of pons (figure 2,2a).
He was stated on aspirin, statins and anti-hypertensives by the medical specialists. Alternate eye patching was carried out which relieved his diplopia. Exercises to improve facial weakness were advised. He was also started on ocular lubricants to prevent any corneal damage plus taping of the right lid at bedtime.
One-and-a-half syndrome is characterized by ipsilateral conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, known as the “one” and ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia known as the “half”. The only remaining ocular movementis abduction of the contralateral eye. Eight-and-a-half syndrome is a rare pontine disorder made up of one and a half syndrome plus ipsilateral lower motor neuron like facial palsy [1]. The affected nuclei may include either combination of the ipsilateral VIIth and VIth nervenucleus and the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus or combination of ipsilateral VIIth and ipsilateral paramedian pontine reticular formation along with the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus [2].
The rare condition is often caused by an infarction, haemorrhage, demyelination, gliomas, and cystic lesions in the dorsal tegmentum of the caudal pons [3]. Prognosis depends on the size of the infarct and the ability of the affected area to recover. Usually facial palsyimproves first followed by the ocular symptoms. The treatment depends on the underlying etiology, in addition to neurorehabilitation [4]. The components of Millard Gubler Syndrome are ipsilateral facial and abducens nerve paralysis and hemiplegia or hemiparesis of the contralateral limbs [5].
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The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any material discussed in this article.
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