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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/132
Department of Colorectal Surgery, Luton & Dunstable University Hospital, UK
*Corresponding Author: Ashfaq Chandio, IAE, School of Acu-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.
Citation: Ashfaq Chandio, Mehak Chandio, Zainab Shaikh, Zawar Khichi, Najeeb Memon,Aijaz , Memon Katherine Brown, (2023) Does Gender Matter in Colorectal Cancer?. Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics. 7(1) ; DOI: 10.31579/2640-1053/132
Copyright: © 2023 Ashfaq Chandio, this is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 28 November 2022 | Accepted: 23 December 2022 | Published: 11 January 2023
Keywords: colorectal cancer; gender difference; routes to diagnosis; staging; survival
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancer worldwide, and it exhibits differences in incidence, pathogenesis, molecular pathways, and outcome depending on the location of the tumour. Colorectal cancer is a disease strongly influenced by gender, mortality rates in males considerably higher than females
Aim: To determine the gender disparities in the incidence of Colorectal cancer
Methods: All patients managed with colorectal cancer from January 2015 through December 2019 were retrospectively identified from the referral database created by the colorectal specialist nurses in the colorectal service.
Inclusion: All patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer
Exclusion: Tumour in the Appendix, Anal canal, small bowel, metastatic tumours of unknown primary
Results: 976 patients were diagnosed with bowel cancer percentages of studied participant were Male 52.60% and Female 47.40%. The mean age of 74.14 years. Sixty six (66) 6.76% patients were excluded from the study. The location of colon cancer is also changing. The incidence rate of Right side colon cancer in women was much higher than that in men 1.20:1, and on Left side colon cancer including rectum was much higher in men than that in women this was especially exhibited in cases of rectal cancer, for which the male to female ratio was increased to 1.54:1 whereas the male to female ratio of left colon cancer 1.26:1 The incidence rates were increasing in all groups over time, especially in the 50 -79 years group. Incidence of colorectal cancer was greater for cancers of the left side of colon than right colon (62.41% vs 37.58%).
Conclusion: There are not significant sex differences in access to and effectiveness of Colorectal cancer treatment. Screening provides effective opportunity to prevent Colorectal cancer. Gender-specific guidelines for screening, treatment, and prevention protocols for colorectal cancer can be established to decrease the mortality and increase the quality of life.
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world and is a major health problem, incidence and mortality rates vary markedly around the world. Globally, Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death causing almost one million deaths. The incidence of Colorectal cancer is more among men than women and 3–4 times more common in developed than in developing nations. Worldwide Age-standardised incidence rates per 100,000 of Colorectal cancer in both sexes is 19.7, in males is 23.6, and in females is 16.31 While the age-standardised incidence rate among men is 30.1/100,000, in high human development index nations (Canada, the United Kingdom (UK), Denmark, and Singapore), it is 8.4, in low human development index nations (the same statistics for women are 20.9 and 5.9, respectively).2 With increasing age, the proportion of proximal Colorectal cancer gradually increased in women, whereas that of rectal cancer gradually decreased. Most colorectal cancers (CRC) arise from adenomatous colon polyps that progress from small (<8>
Sex differences recommend more targeted interventions might expedite prevention and early diagnosis in both gender. There are not significant sex differences in access to and effectiveness of Colorectal cancer treatment. Therefore, novel methods that would allow the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer are chosen. Greater awareness of how sex and gender impact on Colorectal cancer may therefore lead to new insights into how improvements in prevention, early diagnosis, treatment and survival can be made.
All patients managed with colorectal cancer at the Luton and Dunstable University Hospital UK from January 2015 through December 2019 were retrospectively identified from the referral database created by the colorectal specialist nurses in the colorectal service. Data were retrieved by detailed review of the hospital case notes, ICE / Evolve (Computer database for investigations and correspondence) including endoscopy; radiographic imaging; operative course and cancer follow up. The following parameters were recorded: age, gender, and source of referral, presentation, stage of the disease, MDT discussion, intervention, and outcome. Tumour locations were classified as the right colon (i.e. caecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, and the left colon (i.e. spleenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid, Recto sigmoid, and rectum.
Inclusion: All patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer
Exclusion: Tumour in the Appendix, Anal canal, small bowel, metastatic tumours of unknown primary
Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 26). Mean values were compared using the Student t test (Table 1).
Univariate analysis of categorical variables was performed by the chi-square test (Table 2).
Pearson’s chi squared test was used for comparing two proportions (Table 3).
An OR with corresponding 95% confidence interval >1 implied a positive association where as an OR with corresponding 95% confidence interval <1>
The results are mainly illustrated by descriptive statistics. (Table 5)
Table 6
In the study period 976 patients were diagnosed with bowel cancer percentages of studied participant were Male 52.60% and Female 47.40%. (figure 1)
Figure 1: Characteristics and incidence
The mean age of 74.14 years (range, 25 to 101). 6.76% patients were excluded from the study on the account of Tumours in the Appendix, Anal canal, Small bowel and metastatic tumor of unknown primary. (Figure 2).
Figure 3
The location of colon cancer is also changing, (Figure 3). The incidence rate of Right side colon cancer in women was much higher than that in men 1.20:1, and on Left side colon cancer including rectum was much higher in men than that in women this was especially exhibited in cases of rectal cancer, for which the male to female ratio was increased to 1.54:1 whereas the male to female ratio of left colon cancer 1.26:1 (Table 1,2 ). In the univariate analysis, tumour location was associated with age in both men and women. The shift of tumour location to the proximal colon with increasing age was more prominent 5.38% aged < 50>
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancer worldwide, and it exhibits differences in incidence, pathogenesis, molecular pathways, and outcome depending on the location of the tumour. Colorectal cancer is a disease strongly influenced by gender, mortality rates in males considerably higher than females. There is scarcity to appreciative whether sex differences exist along the pathway from presentation to survival. Most colorectal cancers arise from adenomatous colon polyps that progress from small (<8>
Screening provides effective opportunity to prevent Colorectal cancer. Conversely, there are no gender-specific guidelines or screening tools. Gender-specific guidelines for screening, treatment, and prevention protocols for colorectal cancer can be established to decrease the mortality and increase the quality of life. There are not significant sex differences in access to and effectiveness of Colorectal cancer treatment.
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