Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/379
Educational and Scientific Institute of Postgraduate Education of Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine.
*Corresponding Author: Garnik S. Kocharyan, Educational and Scientific Institute of Postgraduate Education of Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine.
Citation: Garnik S. Kocharyan, (2026), Attitudes Toward Masturbation in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages, Psychology and Mental Health Care, 10(4): DOI:10.31579/2637-8892/379
Copyright: © 2026, Garnik S. Kocharyan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 31 August 2026 | Accepted: 09 September 2026 | Published: 18 September 2026
Keywords: masturbation; history of sexology; ancient world; antiquity; middle ages; scholasticism; sin against nature; penitentials; jing energy
Objective: This article presents a historical, cultural, and medico-sociological analysis of the evolution of attitudes toward masturbation across the civilizations of the Ancient World (Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, and Judaic traditions) and the Middle Ages (Western Europe and Byzantium).
Methods: The study employs a comparative-historical and institutional analysis spanning the period from c. 3500 BCE to the late 15th century CE. Primary source materials, including religious, philosophical, and medical treatises, as well as canon law and contemporary sexological frameworks, were examined.
Results: The findings indicate that attitudes toward masturbation ranged from sacralization in Ancient Egyptian cosmogony to pragmatic utilitarianism in Classical Antiquity, where the practice was viewed as an inferior surrogate or a marker of low social status without being subjected to severe religious stigmatization. In Ancient China, the phenomenon was evaluated through the lens of medical and energetic hygiene (preserving vital jing energy). Conversely, the Judeo-Christian tradition initiated a radical paradigm shift by reinterpreting the Old Testament narrative of Onan and formulating a theological-legal framework centered on the “sin against nature” (peccatum contra naturam). Through Medieval Scholasticism (Thomas Aquinas) and penitential practice (Irish penitentials, canons of John the Faster), masturbation was institutionalized as a grave spiritual offense.
Conclusions: The evolution of societal perceptions of masturbation demonstrates a historical transition from the pragmatic and energetic regulation of bodily resources to strict moral-theological stigmatization, which laid the normative foundation for Western sexology up to the modern era.
Context and Background: Understanding the phenomenon of masturbation through a historical lens reveals how institutions of power, medicine, and religious dogma have shaped constructs of normative and deviant human sexuality. An analysis of sociocultural and medical discourses demonstrates that the perception of autoerotic activity was never static; rather, it evolved from sacred practices and energetic hygiene to severe religious and ethical stigmatization.
Significance and Literature Context: In modern sexology and the history of medicine, investigating the historical and evolutionary dynamics of sexual behavior remains a critical endeavor (M. Foucault, R. van Gulik, J. Stengers, etc.). However, a systematic comparative analysis of attitudes toward masturbation across the civilizations of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages requires further rigorous synthesis. The historical shift from ancient pragmatism to medieval legal-theological conceptualization established the foundational normative frameworks that governed Western sexology and medicine up to the 20th century.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive characterization of the social, psychological, and medical dimensions of attitudes toward masturbation in the Ancient World and the Middle Ages. To achieve this objective, the study addresses the following specific tasks:
1. To analyze the spectrum of attitudes toward masturbation in ancient civilizations—ranging from sacralization in Ancient Egypt to neutral, ironic, or utilitarian views in Ancient Greece and Rome.
2. To elucidate the medical-pragmatic approach to autoeroticism in traditional Chinese medicine and Daoist practices (specifically the concept of conserving vital jing energy).
3. To trace the emergence of religious and ethical taboos surrounding masturbation within Judaism and early Christianity (including the reinterpretation of the biblical narrative of Onan).
4. To characterize the institutionalization of masturbation as a “sin against nature” (peccatum contra naturam) in medieval Scholasticism and penitential traditions across Western Europe and Byzantium.
The Ancient World
The Ancient World (in general) spans the period from approximately 3500 BCE to 476 CE. Classical Antiquity (c. 800 BCE – 476 CE) forms an integral part of this era—a specific phase within the Ancient World referring to the Greco-Roman civilization across the Mediterranean (Greece, Rome, their colonies, and conquered territories). Antiquity is recognized as the final period of the Ancient World in this region. Attitudes toward masturbation in ancient times ranged from sacralization to taboo [1; 2]. Ancient Egypt. In Egyptian mythology, masturbation held a positive, creative status and was not considered shameful. On the contrary, it formed the very foundation of the cosmos. According to Heliopolitan cosmogony, the demiurge god Atum created the first deities (Shu and Tefnut) through masturbation. This act symbolized divine self-sufficiency and the transmission of the Ka life force. As noted in the Pyramid Texts (Utterance 527), Atum “clasped his phallus in his hand to produce orgasm” [3]. Ancient Greece. Masturbation was viewed neutrally or with irony, though excess was deemed a sign of intemperance. In Greek society, male sexual activity was closely tied to social status and self-control. Public masturbation was considered indecent for free citizens; however, Cynic philosophers (such as Diogenes of Sinope) practiced it openly as a demonstration of natural needs and independence from social conventions. Diogenes masturbated in the market square, famously remarking: “If only it were as easy to banish hunger by rubbing a full belly” [4]. Masturbation appears in Aristophanes’ comedies as a punchline targeting “losers” or those deprived of a partner. Philosophers often viewed it as an inferior surrogate to full sexual intercourse [5], serving merely as a means to satisfy desire in the absence of a partner. Ancient Rome. The prevailing attitude was largely disdainful, regarding it as a practice reserved for slaves or those unable to find a partner. Elite men were expected to demonstrate self-mastery. In Roman society, masturbation signaled sexual inadequacy or low status; a free man was expected to dominate a partner (a slave or prostitute), while “self-gratification” was fit only for slaves or those incapable of securing an object for domination.Roman morality prioritized preserving “male vigor.” Influenced by theories regarding the loss of vital energy, some medical treatises described masturbation as an undesirable depletion of semen that could theoretically cause physical weakness [6, p. 45]. However, this was not accompanied by the intense stigmatization characteristic of the Middle Ages. The poet Martial mocked those who engaged in the act in his epigrams, viewing it as an imitation of genuine sex and scolding Ponticus for “wasting his life with his own hand,” framing it as a loss of potential offspring [7]. Ancient China. In Daoist practices, the attitude toward masturbation was restrained and pragmatic. Excessive loss of semen was believed to deplete vital energy, placing the primary emphasis on moderation. Judaism. The attitude toward masturbation (both male and female) was strictly negative. The biblical narrative of Onan was interpreted as a prohibition against the “futile spilling of seed,” which later exerted a profound influence on Christian morality. Although the original context concerned the refusal of a levirate marriage, later rabbinic tradition interpreted it as an absolute prohibition on any emission of semen outside an act leading to conception. It is well known that, under the Jewish law of levirate marriage, Onan was required to have sexual relations with the widow of his deceased elder brother. However, he did not want her to conceive by him, as any children born from this union would be legally recognized as his brother’s offspring. Therefore, during sexual intercourse, he avoided intravaginal ejaculation by spilling his seed on the ground. Thus, this passage does not describe masturbation, but rather withdrawal or coitus interruptus [8]. According to the concept of the “futile spilling of seed” [9], the main religious and legal foundation for the prohibition of male masturbation became the account of Onan in the first book of the Bible, Genesis [10, p. 34], where the following is recorded (Genesis 38): “6. And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar. 7. And Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the Lord; and the Lord slew him. 8. And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother’s wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother. 9. And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother’s wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother. 10. And the thing which he did displeased the Lord: wherefore he slew him also.” Thus, the Bible itself contains no explicit directives regarding the sinfulness of masturbation. In contrast to ancient Chinese medical pragmatism, the rabbinic tradition views the preservation of reproductive potential through the lens of religious ethics and individual metaphysical responsibility. To understand the attitude toward masturbation in Judaism, one must also examine the Halakhic prohibitions in the Talmud. In the Babylonian Talmud, masturbation is regarded as a grave transgression equated with bloodshed. Specifically, the tractate Niddah underscores the severity of the punishment for self-stimulation [11]. The rabbis emphasized that the hand that causes ejaculation “should be cut off”—a metaphorical expression underlining the gravity of the sin. The attitude toward female masturbation was as follows. Although there is no direct prohibition of masturbation for women in the Torah, Talmudic literature mentions the practice of “women who rub against each other.” This practice, which can be categorized as homosexual petting, was considered among the “deeds of Egypt” that contradicted the modesty and purity of the Jewish family [12]. Christianity. In the Christian world, the belief in the sinfulness of masturbation was widespread, fostered by the theological framework of several prominent theologians. In this context, Augustine (4th century CE) is frequently cited; he held that every sexual act and ejaculation must occur naturally and be aimed at procreation. Because masturbation did not lead to procreation, it was categorized as a sinful act [8]. Views on the Harm of Masturbation in Ancient Medicine [2]. In ancient medicine, masturbation was not always singled out as a specific pathology; rather, it fell under the broader umbrella of “sexual excess.” The underlying concept was that semen represented the quintessence of vital bodily fluids. As Michel Foucault notes in his work [13], ancient health ethics were built upon a strict economy of bodily resources; any uncontrolled waste of semen was perceived as a direct threat to physical strength and mental acuity. In Hippocratic medicine, moderation was viewed as the key to health, while excess was seen as a cause of seminal depletion. Hippocrates and representatives of later ancient medical schools, particularly Galen, associated excessive seminal loss with physical exhaustion, regarding semen as a fundamental source of vital energy.The Hippocratic Corpus—a collection of roughly 60–70 Ancient Greek medical treatises [5th century BCE – 3rd century CE] attributed to Hippocrates, though written by various authors—mentions the loss of semen as a factor influencing health, but the emphasis was most often placed on general excess (including excessive sexual intercourse) rather than on the act of masturbation itself [14]. According to Hippocrates, excessive loss of seminal fluid could lead to a condition known as “spinal consumption” (tabes dorsalis in older terminology). In his Selected Works [15], it is described that semen passes through the spinal cord, and its excessive emission “dries up” the neural channels, causing weakness and pain in the limbs. This idea was further developed by Galen in his treatise On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body [16], where he asserted that semen possesses a “spiritual force” (pneuma), and its irrational expenditure deprives the brain and heart of essential nourishment. Historians of sexology emphasize that ancient society was more pragmatic [17]. Michel Foucault, in his works on the history of sexuality, notes that for the ancient mind, the central issue was not the “sinfulness” of the sexual act, but its ethics (the use of pleasures) [13]. Masturbation did not fit into the ethical framework of the proper “use of pleasures” because it excluded interaction with another subject; this rendered it “insignificant” for serious moral analysis, yet acceptable in private life. In Eastern traditions, medicine took a stricter stance on the potential adverse effects of masturbation on human health. Robert van Gulik, in his monograph [18], points out that Daoist physicians viewed semen (jing) as the root of longevity. Masturbation was considered harmful because it led to the loss of male Yang energy without receiving the corresponding female Yin energy, which, in their view, caused premature death and kidney disease. Similar perspectives are reflected in the analysis by J. Stengers and A. Van Neck [19], who emphasize that prior to the advent of Christian morality, the harm of masturbation was justified not by sin, but specifically by biological exhaustion. In the medical and philosophical traditions of Ancient China, the attitude toward masturbation differed fundamentally from Western religious dogma. Instead of the concept of “sin,” Chinese medicine relied on the concept of the pragmatic conservation of the body’s resources [20]. The primary focus was placed on preserving male vital energy (jing), which was considered a finite resource. Masturbation accompanied by ejaculation outside of sexual intercourse was viewed as a futile loss of this energy, which, according to Daoist practices, led to the depletion of brain energy and a general weakening of the organism [21]. In Ancient Chinese medicine and sexology, particularly in the archaic treatises Fangzhongshu (“Arts of the Bedchamber”) [22], the primary emphasis was placed on the preservation of vital energy (jing). Consequently, the issue of energy loss was thoroughly examined. Semen was believed to be the concentration of vital force; thus, masturbation was condemned not as a “sin,” but as an aimless dissipation of this energy [21]. Furthermore, Daoist practices advocated the idea metaphorically termed “returning the semen to nourish the brain” (the principle of huan jing bu nao).
Masturbation resulting in ejaculation outside of sexual intercourse with a partner was considered a cause of physical exhaustion leading to disease, memory loss, and premature aging [23]. Thus, in Ancient China, the prohibition of masturbation was pragmatic and medical rather than moral and ethical. It was regarded as a “hygienic error” that disrupted the body’s internal balance. In contrast to male masturbation, female masturbation in Ancient Chinese texts—such as the medical records of the Han Dynasty [24]—is mentioned more neutrally. Since it was believed that women did not lose a “finite” resource (unlike male semen), such practices were sometimes even described in the context of maintaining health, provided they helped balance Yin energy.
The Middle Ages
The beginning of this period is dated to 476 CE, officially marked by the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Its conclusion spans the second half of the 15th century. Although there is no single agreed-upon end date, scholars generally reference 1453—the fall of Constantinople (the collapse of the Byzantine Empire)—or 1492, the discovery of America by Columbus (the onset of the Age of Discovery). Thus, the Middle Ages lasted approximately 1,000 years. This concept primarily applies to Europe and the Near East; for other regions (China, India, pre-Columbian America), the term “Middle Ages” is used less frequently or with substantial qualifications, as their development followed different trajectories. The period is typically subdivided into the Early (late 5th century – mid-11th century), High/Classical (mid-11th century – late 14th century), and Late Middle Ages (15th century, sometimes including the 14th century). The transition to the Middle Ages marked a radical paradigm shift: from the “energetic hygiene” of the East and the “social status” of Antiquity to a rigid legal and theological classification of masturbation as a sin. The focus shifted from bodily health to the salvation of the soul [17]. The principal source for establishing norms during this period became the penitentials (penitential books)—manuals of rules prescribing specific penances for corresponding transgressions.
1. The Early Middle Ages: Irish and Anglo-Saxon Penitentials.
In the 6th–8th centuries, Irish monks developed a detailed system of penance. Masturbation was viewed as a form of “spiritual adultery.” The severity of the punishment depended on the status of the sinner (layperson or cleric) and the frequency of the act. In the Penitential of Cummean (7th century), it is stated: “If anyone defiles himself with his own hand, he shall fast on bread and water for forty days” [25].
2. The High Middle Ages: Scholasticism and the “Sin Against Nature.”
In the 13th century, Thomas Aquinas systematized Church doctrine, defining masturbation as a type of “sin against nature” (peccatum contra naturam). The underlying logic was that ejaculation had a single purpose—procreation. Any other use of semen was considered a violation of the divine order. In the Summa Theologiae, Thomas Aquinas asserts that after the sin of murder, the second position is occupied by the “sin against nature,” under which he includes “impurity committed alone” [26].
3. The Byzantine Tradition: Canons of John the Faster.
In the East (Byzantium), the attitude was similar, but the emphasis was placed on internal purification and extended prayer. The 8th Rule of John the Faster prescribes for “hand-pleasuring” a penance of forty days consisting of xerophagy (dry eating) and performing one hundred full prostrations daily [27].
The Middle Ages laid the foundation for the severe attitude toward masturbation that persisted well into the 20th century.
The results of this study indicate that:
1. Diversification of Ancient Perspectives: In the Ancient World, attitudes toward masturbation ranged from sacralization in Ancient Egyptian cosmogony to pragmatic evaluation in Greco-Roman civilization. Classical Antiquity did not treat autoeroticism as a religious taboo. Rather, it evaluated the practice through the lenses of social status, self-mastery, and the ethics of pleasure. In ancient medicine (Hippocrates, Galen), concerns were directed toward the excessive loss of semen as a vital force, rather than the moral categorization of the act itself.
2. The Pragmatic-Energetic Paradigm of the East: In Ancient China, restrictions on male masturbation were strictly medical and pragmatic. Within Daoist practices and Fangzhongshu treatises, ejaculation outside of sexual intercourse was viewed as an irrational expenditure of a finite resource—vital jing energy—leading to physical exhaustion. Conversely, female masturbation was viewed more neutrally, often as a means of balancing Yin energy.
3. Paradigm Shift in Judeo-Christian Thought: A strictly negative attitude toward masturbation emerged within Judaism and Christianity. The Old Testament narrative of Onan, which originally described coitus interruptus in the context of levirate marriage, was reinterpreted by rabbinic tradition as a universal prohibition against the “futile spilling of seed.” In medieval theology (Augustine, Thomas Aquinas), masturbation was systematized as a “sin against nature” (peccatum contra naturam) because it detached sexual activity from its procreative intent.
4. Medieval Institutionalization: The Middle Ages marked the definitive transition from energetic hygiene and social pragmatic evaluation to a rigid legal and theological classification. Through the implementation of penitential books in Western Europe and canonical rules in Byzantium, masturbation was institutionalized as a grave spiritual offense requiring strict penance. The moral-theological framework established during this era laid the long-term foundation for the subsequent medicalization and stigmatization of masturbation in Modern era medicine.
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Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
