AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/jcpmh.2022/016
1 Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
2 Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
Citation: Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka and Ozor Ignatius Ikemefuna (2022) A Study on the Incidence of Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. J. Clinical Pediatrics and Mother Health, 2(1); DOI: 10.31579/jcpmh.2022/016
Copyright: © 2022 Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 27 October 2021 | Accepted: 29 December 2021 | Published: 06 January 2022
Keywords: congenital; birth defects; musculoskeletal; tertiary hospital
Background:Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies refer to anomalies affecting the skeletal and muscular systems present when the child was born. In Nigeria, congenital anomaly of the musculoskeletal system is rarely reported. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and distribution of clinically obvious congenital musculoskeletal anomalies among live born neonates at a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective study carried out on neonates at a teaching hospital in Enugu. The newborns were examined for congenital musculoskeletal anomalies and the study covered a period from 2016 to 2020.
Results: There were 7, 011 babies delivered in the teaching hospital during the study period. Overall, 109 babies had at least one congenital anomaly which gave an overall incidence of all congenital anomalies of 1.6% or 16 babies per 1000 live births. Out of the 109 babies that had congenital anomalies, 49 babies had a musculoskeletal anomaly. This gave an incidence of 0.7% or 7 babies per 1000 live births. There was male predominance and about half of the babies were delivered preterm. Syndactyly and polydactyly were the most common congenital musculoskeletal anomalies. Majority of the mothers were older than 35 years and were delivered vaginally. Two-thirds of the mothers had maternal illness during pregnancy and one-tenth had a previous history of congenital anomaly.
Conclusion:Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies are seldom reported. Polydactyly, syndactyly and talipes are the commonly seen anomalies.
Congenital anomalies or malformations, also known as birth defects, may be defined as structural defects present at birth which may lead to physical and mental disabilities [1]. Congenital anomalies represent defects in morphogenesis during early fetal life [2]. In developing and developed countries, congenital anomaly is a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Although in poorer countries, malnutrition and infections take prominence [2]. In Asia, congenital anomalies account for 8-15% of perinatal deaths and 13-16% of neonatal deaths [1, 3]. Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies refer to anomalies affecting the skeletal and muscular systems present when the child was born. Multiple congenital anomalies can occur in a neonate and present a difficult challenge to the clinician [2]. The etiology of congenital anomalies is believed to be
multifactorial attributable to faulty development due to complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors [1]. Exposure to various teratogens during intrauterine life may affect the developing fetus resulting in permanent postnatal damage. Some of the teratogens include radiations, thalidomide and certain infections such as rubella [1]. Maternal age, parity, and antenatal illness are associated with congenital malformations [4]. The overall incidence of the entire spectrum of congenital anomalies has been quoted as 2% of total births [5]. Some studies have reported congenital anomalies of the musculoskeletal system as the most commonly [6, 7]. Available data on congenital musculoskeletal anomalies in sub-Saharan Africa are sparse. This study was an attempt to determine the incidence and distribution of clinically obvious congenital musculoskeletal anomalies among live born neonates at a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria.
This was an observational study carried out at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu, Nigeria. The hospital serves the whole of Enugu State, which according to the 2016 estimates of the National Population Commission and Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics, has a population of about 4 million people and a population density of 616.0/km2. The hospital also receives referrals from its neighboring states. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics and research committees of the hospitals and informed consent was obtained from the patients’ mothers. For the purposes of this study, our interest was on clinically obvious and observable abnormality of musculoskeletal system which was noticed at birth or a few days after birth. All the live babies born in ESUTH during the period of this study were included. Stillborns were excluded from this study. This study covered a period of 5 years, from January 2016 to December 2020.
The protocol of this study conforms to the declaration of Helsinki. All the consecutive children who were born in ESUTH during the study period had a thorough physical examination (general and systemic) performed by a pediatrician and a pediatric surgeon at birth and at 6 weeks postnatal visit. This 2-stage physical examination minimized the error of missing any congenital anomalies of the musculoskeletal system. Diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the musculoskeletal system was based only on clinical evaluation of the babies by the pediatrician and pediatric surgeon. Investigations such as radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the skeletal system were not performed.
For each patient, the following data were collected: gender, age of the baby at the time of diagnosis, maternal age, gestational age of the pregnancy before delivery (term/preterm), baby’s birth weight and mode of delivery. Baby’s birth weight greater or equal to 2.5 kilograms (kg) were considered to be normal while birth weight less than 2.5 kg were considered as low birth weight. Babies born at less than 37 completed weeks, calculated from the first day of last menstrual period, were considered preterm while babies born at or after 37 completed weeks were considered term. Other data collected include family history of congenital anomaly, maternal comorbidities such as diabetes/hypertension and use of herbs in early pregnancy.
Data Analysis
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Windows version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for data entry and analysis. Data were expressed as percentages, medians and means.
3.1 Patents’ demographics
A total of 7, 011 babies were delivered during the study period, out of this number 109 had one congenital anomaly or the other. This gives an overall incidence of all congenital anomalies of 1.6% or 16 babies per 1000 live births. Out of the 109 babies that had congenital anomalies, 49 babies had a musculoskeletal anomaly. This gave an incidence of 0.7% or 7 babies per 1000 live births. Congenital anomalies of the musculoskeletal system accounted for 38.9% of all the systems.
There were 31 (63.3%) males and 18 (36.7%) females. The mean age of the neonates at diagnosis was 21 days. Twenty eight (57.1%) babies were term and 21 (42.9%) were preterm babies. Twenty-five (51%) babies weighed 2.5 kilograms and above while 24 (49%) babies weighed less than 2.5 kilograms.
3.2. Distribution of congenital musculoskeletal anomalies (n=49)
This illustrated in Table 1.
3.3. Maternal parameters
The possible maternal variables are shown in Table 2.
3.4. Prenatal diagnosis
Four (8.2%) patients had their musculoskeletal anomaly diagnosed prenatally during antenatal ultrasound scan. Two were polydactyly and the other 2 were talipes.
Interest in congenital malformations goes back to the dawn of history. William Harvey in his study on the possible causes of congenital malformations documented the teratologic phenomena and disturbance of fetal development [8]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) document of 1972, congenital malformation should be confined to structural defect that are at birth [9]. However, in 2012, WHO included structural and functional anomalies including metabolic disorders as congenital abnormalities [10]. Our interest in the present study is on the structural musculoskeletal defects that are present at birth.
The overall incidence of congenital anomalies documented in the current study is comparable to the report of other series on congenital anomalies [10, 11]. However, other authors reported lower and higher incidence rates of congenital anomalies [12, 13]. The difference in incidence rates may be due to the discrepancies in detailed search and investigations performed for congenital anomalies in the different studies. The specific type of congenital anomaly may also determine its incidence. The incidence of congenital anomalies may vary over time or with geographical location [10].
Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies accounted for about one-third of all the anomalies in the current study and this is consistent with the report of Agrawal et al [1]. One study from Iraq reported musculoskeletal anomaly as accounting for one-fourth of all congenital anomalies [12]. The setting and period of the study may explain these differences. There are temporal and spatial differences in specific types of congenital anomalies. Congenital anomalies of the musculoskeletal system can be as high as 40% of all the anomalies [14].
Syndactyly and polydactyl were the most common congenital musculoskeletal anomalies recorded in the present study. This finding is in agreement with the report of a study from Korea [15]. Howbeit, other studies reported talipes as the most common [4, 10]. Daldrup et al reported dislocation of the hip as the most common congenital musculoskeletal anomaly [16]. The age group of the patients assessed may determine the predominant musculoskeletal anomaly obtained. For instance, talipes equinovarus may not be classically evident at birth but becomes more obvious as the child stands and begins to walk. In comparison, polydactyly is easily noticed even by the child’s parents.
In the current study, majority of the mothers whose children had musculoskeletal anomalies were older than 35 years. One study from Latvia reported that the prevalence rate of congenital anomalies increased depending on the maternal age [17]. The authors documented that there is higher proportion of preterm births and low birth weights among mothers aged 35 years and above [17]. Ironically, Goetzinger et al reported that advanced maternal age is associated with overall decreased risk for major congenital anomalies [18]. These findings may suggest that the “all or nothing” phenomenon plays a robust role in embryonic development with advancing oocyte age, with anatomically normal fetuses more likely to survive [18]. About two-thirds of the babies with congenital musculoskeletal anomalies, in the index study, were delivered vaginally. Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies may not determine the method of delivery. The mode of delivery is determined by obstetric, maternal and fetal concerns.
Maternal illnesses such as gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertension may be involved in congenital anomalies. About one-third of the studied patients’ mothers had a history of one illness or the other. Giardina et al reported association between the fetus and the mother during intrauterine life; they reported that maternal diseases may have negative impact on the fetus [19]. Maternal diabetes has toxic effects on the development of the embryo and the risk of congenital malformation is increased by three- to four folds [20].
History of previous congenital anomaly/consanguinity is an important consideration when evaluating patients with congenital abnormalities. Ameen et al reported the relevance of maternal history of previous congenital anomalies and the risk of the progeny having congenital anomalies [13]. Most congenital anomalies may be sporadic as only 10% of our patients had a previous history of having had a baby with congenital anomalies.
About half of the mothers whose children had congenital musculoskeletal anomalies took some herbs during their pregnancy. Illamola et al reported the association between the use of herbal medicine during pregnancy and congenital malformations [21]. Laelago reported that most of the women took the herbal medicine in an effort to treat nausea and vomiting [22].
Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies may be diagnosed prenatally. Fordham et al reported that subtle musculoskeletal anomalies become more recognizable in the second and third trimester [23].
Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies are seldom reported. Polydactyly, syndactyly and talipes are the commonly seen anomalies. Gestational illness such as diabetes should be well treated before and during pregnancy. Intake of herbal concoctions by pregnant women is to be discouraged.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
