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Short Communication | DOI: https://doi.org/
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Copyright: © 2018. Rae.Z.H.Aliyev. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 30 November -0001 | Accepted: 01 January 1970 | Published: 01 January 1970
Keywords: Planted Soils, Erosion, Inclination Rate, Structure, Slopes, Fighting Measures, Soil Mass, Total Nitrogen, Etc.
The article examines the issues of studying the world experience and the results of many years of experiments in various countries on the applicability of low-intensity irrigation systems in various climatic and soil conditions shows that the creation of irrigation systems of this type is an effective and economically viable irrigation of various types of crops: perennial plantings, orchards, vineyards, forest plantations, shrub farms as soil protection means, grain-legumes, vegetables, ridge crops and technical crops, ornamental plantations, goons, nurseries and others. The low-intensity system (drip irrigation, micro sprinkling, aerosol irrigation, subsoil and inektsionnoy irrigation, etc. which has almost universal application, in particular, it is applicable where the use of other methods irrigation is impossible or ineffective: 1. in difficult terrain and large lot slope (up to 45 degrees or more); 2. In areas with prolonged drought and strong winds; 3..-water resources in local with a relatively limited amount of water; 4.on soils with low power and very low or high Hygroscopicity;5. On soils prone to salinization;6. When used for irrigation water with high content of water-soluble salts, etc.
Mountain-brown and mountain gray-brown soils are mostly covered in mountain-farming zones in the southeastern foothills of the Greater Caucasus. In the past, these lands were under the forest. However, as a result of man's economic activity the forests have been broken down to expand the sowing areas.
These soils are mainly used under agricultural crops.
Research In the Shamagy region, we used the mountain-brown soils, which are widely used in mountain farming, under grain crops.
The purpose of the study is to learn how nutrients can be varied through different erosion slopes. Soil erosion process has become widespread as groundbreaking and cultivation of soil is not carried out. As a result, the mechanical composition of soils was mild and the chemical composition deteriorated. The erosion of the soil under planting occurs at different intensities under different agricultural crops.
Thus, under the grain crop, the humus content in the degraded brown soils is 3.8-4.2%, whereas in moderate degrees of erosion, 1.7-2.1% and 0.09-0, respectively, 11%. 35.4-39.5 m.ec. in total nonwaxed forms of absorbed bases. , while in moderate to untreated species 15.2-18.7 m. organized. In the cultivated soil, the intensity of the erosion process differs from the natural grass cover.
The reason for this is that the soil has a number of new properties in the slopes, which greatly affects the soil erosion durability. It should be noted that when water is cultivated, its water impermeability temporarily improves. However, this causes the structure of the soil to become dusty, resulting in deterioration of water-physical properties and loss of nutritional elements.
As a result of the studies, it was determined that the soil mass of 30-8-30.5 m3 / ha under autumn wheat plantings on the slopes 7-100, and 125.6-132.4 m3 / ha of seedlings for autumn sowing. It should be noted that the amount of washing in the slopes where intercostal plants are cultivated is twice as high. So, 45.6 m3 / ha on the slope 3-50, and 70-4 m3 / ha on the slopes of 6-80 inches. Such a regularity was also observed under the sunflower plant.
Ground washing was at 105 m3 / ha at 66.6 m3 / ha and 8-100 degrees at the slopes with 5-70 degrees. The sowing lands of 100 slopes with a tendency for this have been moderate and severe erosion.
The erosion processes have a great impact on the fertility of these soils. So, as a result of erosion, humus and food from the soil are heavily dependent on environmental conditions. Therefore, in the development of anti-erosion measures, it is important to address the problem of relief in the various natural-economic areas.
It was possible to determine the approximate amount of humus and nutrients as a result of superficial washing in natural-economic areas on a variety of slanted slopes from a number of scientists.
So, because of the poor natural surface of the vegetation on the northern slopes, soils are eroded because of very weak surface flows, but the humus and the washing of food on the southern slopes occur intensively.
Thus, when harvesting from 0,25 to 1,2 t / ha of land per year, in the area of sowing it is 0,05-0,78 t / ha.
According to the results of the research, the loss of nitrogen as a result of washing in the pastures reduces soil fertility. Washing nitrogen in the soil at different slopes occurs at different intensities.
During the year, 89 kg / ha of nitrogen was washed out from the soil. This makes up 10.4-75.8% of total nitrogen resources. Most nitrogen flow coefficient is 0.5 (80-90 kg / ha) and at least 0.2 coefficient (40 kg / ha).
Thus, the development of agricultural crops and natural grass cover on different slopes has a great impact on productivity, depending on soil erosion rate.
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