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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2578-8957/001
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Copyright: © 2018 Nikunja Mohan Modak, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 30 November -0001 | Accepted: 30 November -0001 | Published: 30 November -0001
Keywords: Emissions; Supply Chain; Bibliometric Study; Review
The environmentalists and scientists around the world are seriously worried about the increasingly bad effects of greenhouse gas in the earth's ecological system. During the last centenary amount of greenhouse gas in the earth’s atmospheres have been increased significantly due to rapid industrialization in all over the world. Recent year’s researchers and practitioners are also showed keen interest to include issues like greenhouse gas emission, government regulations, and cap-and-trade system in business modelling. This study develops a short review and bibliometric study on the research works on reduction of greenhouse gas emission in supply chain management. Data are collected using the Scopus database on 1st December 2017. According to Scopus database, total 156 documents (articles, reviews and article in press) used “Emissions” and “Supply Chain” in their title, which are considered for this study. This study aims to explore data like year-wise number of publications, citation structure, top 20 most cited publications, leading keywords, top contributing authors, institutions and countries and their collaborations in the collected data. The present study reveals that the supply chain management researchers are increasingly showing keen interest on controlling GHG emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production leads the list of Top 10 productive journals with 21 publications followed by the IJPE. China has occupied the top position well ahead of its challengers. Tianjin University is the most productive university. L. He, C. Wang and M. Y. Jaber are the leading authors. Moreover, it utilizes the Visualization of Similarities viewer software to analyze bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrence of keywords. Beside supply chain and “emissions” other most frequent keywords are “game theory”, “cap-and-trade”, “life cycle” assessment‟ and “carbon footprint‟.
The Green House Gas (GHG) is increasing day by day as a result average temperature of the earth is heading towards its highest for three million years. The environmentalists and scientists around the world are seriously worried about the bad effects of GHG, which have now become the biggest threat to the earth's ecological system. During the last centenary amount of GHG in the earth’s atmospheres have been increased significantly due to rapid industrialization in all over the world. Man over exploits natural resource for his comfort. GHGs are increasing in the environment due to the excessive burning of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil mainly in transport and industry. Emissions of carbon dioxide have increased a 40%, from 280 ppm in 1750 to 406 ppm in early 2017 (esrl.noaa.gov). Recent estimates suggest that on the current emissions trajectory the earth could pass a threshold of 2°C global warming, which the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) designated as the upper limit to avoid "dangerous" global warming, by 2036 (Mann, 2014). So, the control of GHG emissions are the crying need at the present hour around the world. This was also one of the major issue discussed in the United Nations Climate Change Conference recently held at Le Bourget, Paris, France in the year 2015. In Paris convention (November-December 2015) it is resolved that we should move towards the zero emission between 2030 to 2050 without closing our economy. Thus, to achieve the target of zero emission almost all developed and developing countries are implemented governmental norms and penalty for GHG emissions. In 2005, the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) started a method to control GHG emissions by implementing a compulsory „cape-and-trade' policy among the 27 European Union member countries. Britain has become the first major country to preserve the zero emission. In the current global business scenario a firm must have to give serious attention on greenhouse gas emissions due to its activities. To combat with the GHG emissions, a production house may use improved technology, restriction in the production rate, better management, plantation of trees etc. In recent years‟, researchers and practitioners have also showed keen interest to include issues like GHG emission, government regulations, and `cap-and-trade' system in business modelling.
This study develops a short review and bibliometric study on the research works on reduction of greenhouse gas emission in supply chain management. Data are collected using the Scopus database to explore the leading keywords and top contributing authors, institutions and countries and their collaborations in these fields. Scopus is Elsevier’s abstract and citation database launched in 2004. Itincludes nearly 36,377 titles from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which 34,346 are journals in top-level subject fields Life Sciences, Social Sciences, Physical Sciences and Health Sciences (wikipedia.org).Then quantitative method is used to classify the collected data and building up representative summaries. To search through the selected database, the necessary keywords were defined, which helped in identifying relevant papers. The keywords “Emissions” and “Supply chain” using the conjunction “AND” were used in the search engines. Only, the title of articles in Scopus is used to search for the keywords defined. The types of the papers were selected as Article, Review and Article in press, whereas other contributions such as conference papers, books and chapters of book, editorial, notes were excluded from the search. Totally, 156 papers from Scopus were found by these search settings. The present study uses different bibliometric indicators such as, total number of papers, total number of citations, cites per paper and h-index (Hirsch, 2005) in order to measure both the productivity and influence. The h-index is an indicator that combines publications with citations. If a variable has an h-index of k, then there are k papers inside the set of papers considered that have received at least k citations or more. Moreover, to measure quantity of quality publications several citation thresholds such as more than 50, 20, 10, 5 and one citation are considered in this study. To obtain a more general view of the results, graphical visualizations of collaborations such as co-authorship and co-occurrence of keywords are prepared with the help of the visualization of similarities (VOS) viewer software (Van Eck and Waltman, 2010). Coauthorship measures the degree of connectivity of co-authors from different productive countries. Common and frequent keywords are visualizes through the Co-occurrence of author keywords. Two standardized weights, the number of links and the total strength of the links are the basics behind the graphical network visualization. Size of a circle and network connections in graphical representations respectively denote its relevance and link strength.
This study has several benefits to readers as well as the researchers. For instance, this study firstly, provides information about research trends about research of GHG emissions reduction in supply chain management. Secondly, it provides information about Top 10 journals, Top 10 countries, most using keywords, most contributing authors and mostly contributing institutions in GHG emissions and supply chain research. Finally, it provides graphical network visualization of connectivity of co-authors from different productive countries and common and frequent keywords of the 156 papers through the Co-occurrence of author keywords.
Bibliometric Analysis
The search engine of Scopus database reveals that, 3056 documents are developed using emissions and supply chain in the title, abstract and keywords up to 1st December 2017. Among those articles total 201 documents used “Emissions” and “Supply Chain” in article title. If only considering articles, reviews, article in press, it becomes 156. This article considers these 156 articles. According to the Scopus database the 156 publications have received total 2002 citations up to 1st December 2017. Fig.1 illustrates the distribution of the papers over the years.
Chaabane A., Ramudhin A., Paquet M.
Design of sustainable supply chains under the emission trading scheme
Journal of Cleaner Production
International Journal of Production Economics
Transportation Research Part D
Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries
Davis S.J., Peters G.P., Caldeira K.
The supply chain of CO 2 emissions
International Journal of Production Economics
Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the
Elhedhli S., Merrick R.
Green supply chain network design to reduce carbon emissions
Sustainability Switzerland
Jaber M.Y., Glock C.H., El Saadany
Supply chain coordination with emissions reduction incentives
International Journal of Production Research
Journal of Cleaner Production
International Journal of Production Economics
Drivers and barriers of extended supply chain practices for energy saving and emission reduction among Chinese manufacturers
Multiperiod effects of corporate social responsibility on supply chain networks, transaction costs, emissions, and risk
International Journal of Production Economics
Pan S., Ballot E., Fontane F.
The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from freight transport by pooling supply chains
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through operations and supply chain management
Meng B., Xue J., Feng K., Guan D., Fu X.
China's inter-regional spillover of carbon emissions and domestic supply chains
Resources Conservation And Recycling
Tseng S.-C., Hung S.-W.
A strategic decision-making model considering the social costs of carbon dioxide emissions for sustainable supply chain management
Journal of Environmental
International Journal of Production Economics
Ruwaard J.M., Van Der Vorst J.G.A.J.
Modelling food logistics networks with emission considerations: The case of an international beef supply chain
Neighbour G., Han J., McGuire M., Deutz P.
Using game theory to describe strategy selection for environmental risk and carbon emissions reduction in the green supply chain
Slade R., Bauen A., Shah N.
The greenhouse gas emissions performance of cellulosic ethanol supply chains in Europe
Biotechnology for Biofuels
Du S., Zhu L., Liang L., Ma F.
Emission-dependent supply chain and environment-policymaking in the 'cap-and-trade' system
Horvath A., Madanat S.
Unintended impacts of increased truck loads on pavement supply-chain emissions
Transportation Research Part A
Dehghanian F., Fahimnia B., Sarkis J.
Carbon pricing versus emissions trading: A supply chain planning perspective
International Journal of Production Economics
Applied Mathematical Modelling
Annals of Operations Research
Elia J.A., Baliban R.C., Floudas C.A.
Nationwide energy supply chain analysis for hybrid feedstock processes with significant CO 2 emissions reduction
Bazan E., Jaber M.Y., Zanoni S.
Supply chain models with greenhouse gases emissions, energy usage and different coordination decisions
Du S., Ma F., Fu Z., Zhu L., Zhang
Game-theoretic analysis for an emission-dependent supply chain in a „cap-and-trade‟system
Articulating a trans-boundary infrastructure supply chain greenhouse gas emission footprint for cities: Mathematical relationships and policy relevance
Table 2.Top 20 cited documents used emissions and supply chain in title.
The most cited paper is published in 2012, written by A. Chaabane A. Ramudhin and M. Paquet. It has around three hundred citations with an average of 56.6 citations per year. Chaabane et al. (2012) discussed a mixed-integer linear programming based framework for sustainable supply chain design considering GHG emissions due to various production processes and transportation systems. Davis et al. (2011) and Elhedhli & Merrick (2012) have received more than one hundred citations. Note that, six articles of 2013 and five articles of 2012 are in the top 20 list. International Journal of Production Economics (IJPE) has five influential papers in the list of top 20 most cited papers. Now, look at the mostly contributed journals and countries in research of GHG emissions in supply chain management.
Annals Of Operations Research
Table 3.Top 10 journal and Country
Table 3 provides the information of Top 10 productive journals and countries among the 156 papers. Journal of Cleaner Production leads the list of Top 10 productive journals with 21 publications followed by the IJPE. China has occupied the top position well ahead of its challengers. In terms of total publication USA and UK respectively occupied the second and third place. Four European and three Asian countries are in the Top 10. Tianjin University of China is the most productive university followed by the Shanghai Maritime University and Ryerson University. L. He of Tianjin University, C. Wang of Shanghai Maritime University and M. Y. Jaber of Ryerson University are the leading authors and each of them has five publications among the 156 publications. Figure 2 presents bibliographic coupling of countries in 156 research publications of GHG emissions and supply chain.
Discrete Dynamics In Nature And Society
Kongzhi Yu Juece Control And Decision
During the last century, fast industrialization constantly harming environment in all over the world. Indiscriminate use of natural resources will be a threat even to the existence of man. The need to protect natural resources from depletion is one of the eight values of the World Ethic of Sustainability, developed by the IUCN, WWF and the UNEP in 1990 (Fein, 2003). To reduce pollution using fewer natural resources, the concept of closed-loop supply chain is urgent for maintaining a sustainable life (Modak et al., 2016; 2018; Panda et al., 2017). Recycled paper produces 73% less air pollution than if it was made from raw materials. One ton of newspaper prepared from raw material destroys 24 trees. Thus, recycled paper helps environment through decreasing emission as well as saving trees. (www.gpi.org). PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is the most widely recycled plastic in the world. For every pound of recycled PET flake used, energy use is reduced by 84%; greenhouse gas emission by 71% (www.napcor.com). A sustainable green closed-loop supply chain not only can reduce use of natural resource and waste generation but also trim down water and air pollution (Beamon, 1999). In the existing universal business circumstances, a firm must have to consider cost of greenhouse gas emissions due to its activities as most developed and developing countries are already implemented governmental norms and penalty for GHG emissions. In practice, researchers as well as practitioners are also showed keen interest to include the issues like GHG emission, government regulations, `cap-andtrade' system in business modeling (Du et al., 2013; Sinha and Modak 2017; Wu et al., 2013, Modak et al., 2017). This work depicts 156 papers which are developed based on emissions and supply chain and only two among them are review type. Balcombe et al., (2017) discussed a broad collection of estimated CO2 and methane emissions across the global natural gas supply chain to provide an impartial insight for locating the areas of major uncertainty, and identifying where further work is needed to reduce or remove this uncertainty. There is only one classical review paper, Memari et al., (2016) which specifically focuses on review of works on planning and control of supply chain activities with respect to CO2 emission but it considers only 31 papers as it considers mathematical models upto 2015. Last two years, research works on emissions reduction in supply chain have been increased hugely. Researchers and practitioners are now seriously focusing on controlling GHG emissions.
Gigantic industrialization for the development of civilization during last century causes serious damage in nature because of GHG emissions. Government of developed and developing countries already implemented penalty to industry for GHG emissions. Thus, supply chain managers/researchers are keen to find strategies not only to make business but also to reduce GHG emissions. This article depicts the trends of research of emissions in supply chain using the Scopus database.
The present study depicts following insights. It depicts year-wise publications using emissions and supply chain in article title. During last three years, research works focusing these topics are continuously increasing rapidly. The most cited paper is Chaabane et al. (2012), has 283 citations with an average of 56.6 citations per year. Journal of Cleaner Production leads the list of Top 10 productive journals followed by the International Journal of Production Economics. China is the top contributing nation followed by USA and UK in terms of total publication. Tianjin University of China is the most productive university. L. He, C. Wang and M. Y. Jaber are the leading authors in research of GHG emissions in supply chain. Finally, graphical visualizations of co-authorship and co-occurrence of keywords demonstrate collaboration among the countries. Figure two depicts two major clusters. Japan, USA and China are linked closely while UK, Netherlands and Canada are in main role to forming the other cluster. Beside „supply chain‟ and emissions” other most frequent keywords are “game theory”, “cap-and-trade”, “life cycle assessment”, “carbon footprint”etc.
This work presents an outline of the publication of research of emissions in supply chain with the help of the Scopus. This study might be useful for the researchers who intend to work on GHG emissions in supply chain. In future, this work can be extended classify the revealed works and analyze them in details.
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